Merge branch 'integration' of https://github.com/esphome/esphome into integration

.clang-tidy.hash

@@ -1 +1 @@
-d7693a1e996cacd4a3d1c9a16336799c2a8cc3db02e4e74084151ce964581248
+3d46b63015d761c85ca9cb77ab79a389509e5776701fb22aed16e7b79d432c0c

.coveragerc

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 [run]
 omit =
     esphome/components/*
+    esphome/analyze_memory/*
     tests/integration/*

.github/workflows/auto-label-pr.yml

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ jobs:
               'new-target-platform',
               'merging-to-release',
               'merging-to-beta',
+              'chained-pr',
               'core',
               'small-pr',
               'dashboard',
@@ -140,6 +141,8 @@ jobs:
                 labels.add('merging-to-release');
               } else if (baseRef === 'beta') {
                 labels.add('merging-to-beta');
+              } else if (baseRef !== 'dev') {
+                labels.add('chained-pr');
               }
 
               return labels;
@@ -528,8 +531,8 @@ jobs:
             const apiData = await fetchApiData();
             const baseRef = context.payload.pull_request.base.ref;
 
-            // Early exit for non-dev branches
+            // Early exit for release and beta branches only
-            if (baseRef !== 'dev') {
+            if (baseRef === 'release' || baseRef === 'beta') {
               const branchLabels = await detectMergeBranch();
               const finalLabels = Array.from(branchLabels);
 

.github/workflows/ci-memory-impact-comment.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+---
+name: Memory Impact Comment (Forks)
+
+on:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: ["CI"]
+    types: [completed]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  pull-requests: write
+  actions: read
+
+jobs:
+  memory-impact-comment:
+    name: Post memory impact comment (fork PRs only)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    # Only run for PRs from forks that had successful CI runs
+    if: >
+      github.event.workflow_run.event == 'pull_request' &&
+      github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' &&
+      github.event.workflow_run.head_repository.full_name != github.repository
+    env:
+      GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Get PR details
+        id: pr
+        run: |
+          # Get PR details by searching for PR with matching head SHA
+          # The workflow_run.pull_requests field is often empty for forks
+          # Use paginate to handle repos with many open PRs
+          head_sha="${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha }}"
+          pr_data=$(gh api --paginate "/repos/${{ github.repository }}/pulls" \
+            --jq ".[] | select(.head.sha == \"$head_sha\") | {number: .number, base_ref: .base.ref}" \
+            | head -n 1)
+
+          if [ -z "$pr_data" ]; then
+            echo "No PR found for SHA $head_sha, skipping"
+            echo "skip=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+
+          pr_number=$(echo "$pr_data" | jq -r '.number')
+          base_ref=$(echo "$pr_data" | jq -r '.base_ref')
+
+          echo "pr_number=$pr_number" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "base_ref=$base_ref" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "Found PR #$pr_number targeting base branch: $base_ref"
+
+      - name: Check out code from base repository
+        if: steps.pr.outputs.skip != 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        with:
+          # Always check out from the base repository (esphome/esphome), never from forks
+          # Use the PR's target branch to ensure we run trusted code from the main repo
+          repository: ${{ github.repository }}
+          ref: ${{ steps.pr.outputs.base_ref }}
+
+      - name: Restore Python
+        if: steps.pr.outputs.skip != 'true'
+        uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.11"
+          cache-key: ${{ hashFiles('.cache-key') }}
+
+      - name: Download memory analysis artifacts
+        if: steps.pr.outputs.skip != 'true'
+        run: |
+          run_id="${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}"
+          echo "Downloading artifacts from workflow run $run_id"
+
+          mkdir -p memory-analysis
+
+          # Download target analysis artifact
+          if gh run download --name "memory-analysis-target" --dir memory-analysis --repo "${{ github.repository }}" "$run_id"; then
+            echo "Downloaded memory-analysis-target artifact."
+          else
+            echo "No memory-analysis-target artifact found."
+          fi
+
+          # Download PR analysis artifact
+          if gh run download --name "memory-analysis-pr" --dir memory-analysis --repo "${{ github.repository }}" "$run_id"; then
+            echo "Downloaded memory-analysis-pr artifact."
+          else
+            echo "No memory-analysis-pr artifact found."
+          fi
+
+      - name: Check if artifacts exist
+        id: check
+        if: steps.pr.outputs.skip != 'true'
+        run: |
+          if [ -f ./memory-analysis/memory-analysis-target.json ] && [ -f ./memory-analysis/memory-analysis-pr.json ]; then
+            echo "found=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            echo "found=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Memory analysis artifacts not found, skipping comment"
+          fi
+
+      - name: Post or update PR comment
+        if: steps.pr.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.check.outputs.found == 'true'
+        env:
+          PR_NUMBER: ${{ steps.pr.outputs.pr_number }}
+        run: |
+          . venv/bin/activate
+          # Pass PR number and JSON file paths directly to Python script
+          # Let Python parse the JSON to avoid shell injection risks
+          # The script will validate and sanitize all inputs
+          python script/ci_memory_impact_comment.py \
+            --pr-number "$PR_NUMBER" \
+            --target-json ./memory-analysis/memory-analysis-target.json \
+            --pr-json ./memory-analysis/memory-analysis-pr.json

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -170,11 +170,16 @@ jobs:
     outputs:
       integration-tests: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.integration-tests }}
       clang-tidy: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.clang-tidy }}
+      clang-tidy-mode: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.clang-tidy-mode }}
       python-linters: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.python-linters }}
       changed-components: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.changed-components }}
       changed-components-with-tests: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.changed-components-with-tests }}
       directly-changed-components-with-tests: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.directly-changed-components-with-tests }}
       component-test-count: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.component-test-count }}
+      changed-cpp-file-count: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.changed-cpp-file-count }}
+      memory_impact: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.memory-impact }}
+      cpp-unit-tests-run-all: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.cpp-unit-tests-run-all }}
+      cpp-unit-tests-components: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.cpp-unit-tests-components }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
         uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
@@ -199,11 +204,16 @@ jobs:
           # Extract individual fields
           echo "integration-tests=$(echo "$output" | jq -r '.integration_tests')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "clang-tidy=$(echo "$output" | jq -r '.clang_tidy')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "clang-tidy-mode=$(echo "$output" | jq -r '.clang_tidy_mode')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "python-linters=$(echo "$output" | jq -r '.python_linters')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "changed-components=$(echo "$output" | jq -c '.changed_components')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "changed-components-with-tests=$(echo "$output" | jq -c '.changed_components_with_tests')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "directly-changed-components-with-tests=$(echo "$output" | jq -c '.directly_changed_components_with_tests')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "component-test-count=$(echo "$output" | jq -r '.component_test_count')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "changed-cpp-file-count=$(echo "$output" | jq -r '.changed_cpp_file_count')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "memory-impact=$(echo "$output" | jq -c '.memory_impact')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "cpp-unit-tests-run-all=$(echo "$output" | jq -r '.cpp_unit_tests_run_all')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "cpp-unit-tests-components=$(echo "$output" | jq -c '.cpp_unit_tests_components')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
   integration-tests:
     name: Run integration tests
@@ -241,7 +251,34 @@ jobs:
           . venv/bin/activate
           pytest -vv --no-cov --tb=native -n auto tests/integration/
 
-  clang-tidy:
+  cpp-unit-tests:
+    name: Run C++ unit tests
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    needs:
+      - common
+      - determine-jobs
+    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && (needs.determine-jobs.outputs.cpp-unit-tests-run-all == 'true' || needs.determine-jobs.outputs.cpp-unit-tests-components != '[]')
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out code from GitHub
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+
+      - name: Restore Python
+        uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
+          cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
+
+      - name: Run cpp_unit_test.py
+        run: |
+          . venv/bin/activate
+          if [ "${{ needs.determine-jobs.outputs.cpp-unit-tests-run-all }}" = "true" ]; then
+            script/cpp_unit_test.py --all
+          else
+            ARGS=$(echo '${{ needs.determine-jobs.outputs.cpp-unit-tests-components }}' | jq -r '.[] | @sh' | xargs)
+            script/cpp_unit_test.py $ARGS
+          fi
+
+  clang-tidy-single:
     name: ${{ matrix.name }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     needs:
@@ -259,22 +296,6 @@ jobs:
             name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP8266
             options: --environment esp8266-arduino-tidy --grep USE_ESP8266
             pio_cache_key: tidyesp8266
-          - id: clang-tidy
-            name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 Arduino 1/4
-            options: --environment esp32-arduino-tidy --split-num 4 --split-at 1
-            pio_cache_key: tidyesp32
-          - id: clang-tidy
-            name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 Arduino 2/4
-            options: --environment esp32-arduino-tidy --split-num 4 --split-at 2
-            pio_cache_key: tidyesp32
-          - id: clang-tidy
-            name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 Arduino 3/4
-            options: --environment esp32-arduino-tidy --split-num 4 --split-at 3
-            pio_cache_key: tidyesp32
-          - id: clang-tidy
-            name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 Arduino 4/4
-            options: --environment esp32-arduino-tidy --split-num 4 --split-at 4
-            pio_cache_key: tidyesp32
           - id: clang-tidy
             name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 IDF
             options: --environment esp32-idf-tidy --grep USE_ESP_IDF
@@ -355,6 +376,166 @@ jobs:
         # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
         if: always()
 
+  clang-tidy-nosplit:
+    name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 Arduino
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    needs:
+      - common
+      - determine-jobs
+    if: needs.determine-jobs.outputs.clang-tidy-mode == 'nosplit'
+    env:
+      GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out code from GitHub
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        with:
+          # Need history for HEAD~1 to work for checking changed files
+          fetch-depth: 2
+
+      - name: Restore Python
+        uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
+          cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
+
+      - name: Cache platformio
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev'
+        uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
+        with:
+          path: ~/.platformio
+          key: platformio-tidyesp32-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
+
+      - name: Cache platformio
+        if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev'
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
+        with:
+          path: ~/.platformio
+          key: platformio-tidyesp32-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
+
+      - name: Register problem matchers
+        run: |
+          echo "::add-matcher::.github/workflows/matchers/gcc.json"
+          echo "::add-matcher::.github/workflows/matchers/clang-tidy.json"
+
+      - name: Check if full clang-tidy scan needed
+        id: check_full_scan
+        run: |
+          . venv/bin/activate
+          if python script/clang_tidy_hash.py --check; then
+            echo "full_scan=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+            echo "reason=hash_changed" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          else
+            echo "full_scan=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+            echo "reason=normal" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          fi
+
+      - name: Run clang-tidy
+        run: |
+          . venv/bin/activate
+          if [ "${{ steps.check_full_scan.outputs.full_scan }}" = "true" ]; then
+            echo "Running FULL clang-tidy scan (hash changed)"
+            script/clang-tidy --all-headers --fix --environment esp32-arduino-tidy
+          else
+            echo "Running clang-tidy on changed files only"
+            script/clang-tidy --all-headers --fix --changed --environment esp32-arduino-tidy
+          fi
+        env:
+          # Also cache libdeps, store them in a ~/.platformio subfolder
+          PLATFORMIO_LIBDEPS_DIR: ~/.platformio/libdeps
+
+      - name: Suggested changes
+        run: script/ci-suggest-changes
+        if: always()
+
+  clang-tidy-split:
+    name: ${{ matrix.name }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    needs:
+      - common
+      - determine-jobs
+    if: needs.determine-jobs.outputs.clang-tidy-mode == 'split'
+    env:
+      GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      max-parallel: 1
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - id: clang-tidy
+            name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 Arduino 1/4
+            options: --environment esp32-arduino-tidy --split-num 4 --split-at 1
+          - id: clang-tidy
+            name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 Arduino 2/4
+            options: --environment esp32-arduino-tidy --split-num 4 --split-at 2
+          - id: clang-tidy
+            name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 Arduino 3/4
+            options: --environment esp32-arduino-tidy --split-num 4 --split-at 3
+          - id: clang-tidy
+            name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 Arduino 4/4
+            options: --environment esp32-arduino-tidy --split-num 4 --split-at 4
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out code from GitHub
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        with:
+          # Need history for HEAD~1 to work for checking changed files
+          fetch-depth: 2
+
+      - name: Restore Python
+        uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
+          cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
+
+      - name: Cache platformio
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev'
+        uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
+        with:
+          path: ~/.platformio
+          key: platformio-tidyesp32-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
+
+      - name: Cache platformio
+        if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev'
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
+        with:
+          path: ~/.platformio
+          key: platformio-tidyesp32-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
+
+      - name: Register problem matchers
+        run: |
+          echo "::add-matcher::.github/workflows/matchers/gcc.json"
+          echo "::add-matcher::.github/workflows/matchers/clang-tidy.json"
+
+      - name: Check if full clang-tidy scan needed
+        id: check_full_scan
+        run: |
+          . venv/bin/activate
+          if python script/clang_tidy_hash.py --check; then
+            echo "full_scan=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+            echo "reason=hash_changed" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          else
+            echo "full_scan=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+            echo "reason=normal" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          fi
+
+      - name: Run clang-tidy
+        run: |
+          . venv/bin/activate
+          if [ "${{ steps.check_full_scan.outputs.full_scan }}" = "true" ]; then
+            echo "Running FULL clang-tidy scan (hash changed)"
+            script/clang-tidy --all-headers --fix ${{ matrix.options }}
+          else
+            echo "Running clang-tidy on changed files only"
+            script/clang-tidy --all-headers --fix --changed ${{ matrix.options }}
+          fi
+        env:
+          # Also cache libdeps, store them in a ~/.platformio subfolder
+          PLATFORMIO_LIBDEPS_DIR: ~/.platformio/libdeps
+
+      - name: Suggested changes
+        run: script/ci-suggest-changes
+        if: always()
+
   test-build-components-splitter:
     name: Split components for intelligent grouping (40 weighted per batch)
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
@@ -379,7 +560,16 @@ jobs:
 
           # Use intelligent splitter that groups components with same bus configs
           components='${{ needs.determine-jobs.outputs.changed-components-with-tests }}'
-          directly_changed='${{ needs.determine-jobs.outputs.directly-changed-components-with-tests }}'
+
+          # Only isolate directly changed components when targeting dev branch
+          # For beta/release branches, group everything for faster CI
+          if [[ "${{ github.base_ref }}" == beta* ]] || [[ "${{ github.base_ref }}" == release* ]]; then
+            directly_changed='[]'
+            echo "Target branch: ${{ github.base_ref }} - grouping all components"
+          else
+            directly_changed='${{ needs.determine-jobs.outputs.directly-changed-components-with-tests }}'
+            echo "Target branch: ${{ github.base_ref }} - isolating directly changed components"
+          fi
 
           echo "Splitting components intelligently..."
           output=$(python3 script/split_components_for_ci.py --components "$components" --directly-changed "$directly_changed" --batch-size 40 --output github)
@@ -396,7 +586,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.component-test-count) > 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      max-parallel: ${{ (github.base_ref == 'beta' || github.base_ref == 'release') && 8 || 4 }}
+      max-parallel: ${{ (startsWith(github.base_ref, 'beta') || startsWith(github.base_ref, 'release')) && 8 || 4 }}
       matrix:
         components: ${{ fromJson(needs.test-build-components-splitter.outputs.matrix) }}
     steps:
@@ -424,18 +614,31 @@ jobs:
       - name: Validate and compile components with intelligent grouping
         run: |
           . venv/bin/activate
-          # Use /mnt for build files (70GB available vs ~29GB on /)
-          # Bind mount PlatformIO directory to /mnt (tools, packages, build cache all go there)
-          sudo mkdir -p /mnt/platformio
-          sudo chown $USER:$USER /mnt/platformio
-          mkdir -p ~/.platformio
-          sudo mount --bind /mnt/platformio ~/.platformio
 
-          # Bind mount test build directory to /mnt
+          # Check if /mnt has more free space than / before bind mounting
-          sudo mkdir -p /mnt/test_build_components_build
+          # Extract available space in KB for comparison
-          sudo chown $USER:$USER /mnt/test_build_components_build
+          root_avail=$(df -k / | awk 'NR==2 {print $4}')
-          mkdir -p tests/test_build_components/build
+          mnt_avail=$(df -k /mnt 2>/dev/null | awk 'NR==2 {print $4}')
-          sudo mount --bind /mnt/test_build_components_build tests/test_build_components/build
+
+          echo "Available space: / has ${root_avail}KB, /mnt has ${mnt_avail}KB"
+
+          # Only use /mnt if it has more space than /
+          if [ -n "$mnt_avail" ] && [ "$mnt_avail" -gt "$root_avail" ]; then
+            echo "Using /mnt for build files (more space available)"
+            # Bind mount PlatformIO directory to /mnt (tools, packages, build cache all go there)
+            sudo mkdir -p /mnt/platformio
+            sudo chown $USER:$USER /mnt/platformio
+            mkdir -p ~/.platformio
+            sudo mount --bind /mnt/platformio ~/.platformio
+
+            # Bind mount test build directory to /mnt
+            sudo mkdir -p /mnt/test_build_components_build
+            sudo chown $USER:$USER /mnt/test_build_components_build
+            mkdir -p tests/test_build_components/build
+            sudo mount --bind /mnt/test_build_components_build tests/test_build_components/build
+          else
+            echo "Using / for build files (more space available than /mnt or /mnt unavailable)"
+          fi
 
           # Convert space-separated components to comma-separated for Python script
           components_csv=$(echo "${{ matrix.components }}" | tr ' ' ',')
@@ -448,7 +651,7 @@ jobs:
           # - This catches pin conflicts and other issues in directly changed code
           # - Grouped tests use --testing-mode to allow config merging (disables some checks)
           # - Dependencies are safe to group since they weren't modified in this PR
-          if [ "${{ github.base_ref }}" = "beta" ] || [ "${{ github.base_ref }}" = "release" ]; then
+          if [[ "${{ github.base_ref }}" == beta* ]] || [[ "${{ github.base_ref }}" == release* ]]; then
             directly_changed_csv=""
             echo "Testing components: $components_csv"
             echo "Target branch: ${{ github.base_ref }} - grouping all components"
@@ -459,6 +662,11 @@ jobs:
           fi
           echo ""
 
+          # Show disk space before validation (after bind mounts setup)
+          echo "Disk space before config validation:"
+          df -h
+          echo ""
+
           # Run config validation with grouping and isolation
           python3 script/test_build_components.py -e config -c "$components_csv" -f --isolate "$directly_changed_csv"
 
@@ -466,6 +674,11 @@ jobs:
           echo "Config validation passed! Starting compilation..."
           echo ""
 
+          # Show disk space before compilation
+          echo "Disk space before compilation:"
+          df -h
+          echo ""
+
           # Run compilation with grouping and isolation
           python3 script/test_build_components.py -e compile -c "$components_csv" -f --isolate "$directly_changed_csv"
 
@@ -474,7 +687,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs:
       - common
-    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.base_ref != 'beta' && github.base_ref != 'release'
+    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && !startsWith(github.base_ref, 'beta') && !startsWith(github.base_ref, 'release')
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
         uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
@@ -489,6 +702,271 @@ jobs:
       - uses: pre-commit-ci/lite-action@5d6cc0eb514c891a40562a58a8e71576c5c7fb43 # v1.1.0
         if: always()
 
+  memory-impact-target-branch:
+    name: Build target branch for memory impact
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    needs:
+      - common
+      - determine-jobs
+    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.memory_impact).should_run == 'true'
+    outputs:
+      ram_usage: ${{ steps.extract.outputs.ram_usage }}
+      flash_usage: ${{ steps.extract.outputs.flash_usage }}
+      cache_hit: ${{ steps.cache-memory-analysis.outputs.cache-hit }}
+      skip: ${{ steps.check-script.outputs.skip }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out target branch
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ github.base_ref }}
+
+      # Check if memory impact extraction script exists on target branch
+      # If not, skip the analysis (this handles older branches that don't have the feature)
+      - name: Check for memory impact script
+        id: check-script
+        run: |
+          if [ -f "script/ci_memory_impact_extract.py" ]; then
+            echo "skip=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          else
+            echo "skip=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+            echo "::warning::ci_memory_impact_extract.py not found on target branch, skipping memory impact analysis"
+          fi
+
+      # All remaining steps only run if script exists
+      - name: Generate cache key
+        id: cache-key
+        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true'
+        run: |
+          # Get the commit SHA of the target branch
+          target_sha=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+
+          # Hash the build infrastructure files (all files that affect build/analysis)
+          infra_hash=$(cat \
+            script/test_build_components.py \
+            script/ci_memory_impact_extract.py \
+            script/analyze_component_buses.py \
+            script/merge_component_configs.py \
+            script/ci_helpers.py \
+            .github/workflows/ci.yml \
+            | sha256sum | cut -d' ' -f1)
+
+          # Get platform and components from job inputs
+          platform="${{ fromJSON(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.memory_impact).platform }}"
+          components='${{ toJSON(fromJSON(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.memory_impact).components) }}'
+          components_hash=$(echo "$components" | sha256sum | cut -d' ' -f1)
+
+          # Combine into cache key
+          cache_key="memory-analysis-target-${target_sha}-${infra_hash}-${platform}-${components_hash}"
+          echo "cache-key=${cache_key}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "Cache key: ${cache_key}"
+
+      - name: Restore cached memory analysis
+        id: cache-memory-analysis
+        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true'
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
+        with:
+          path: memory-analysis-target.json
+          key: ${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.cache-key }}
+
+      - name: Cache status
+        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true'
+        run: |
+          if [ "${{ steps.cache-memory-analysis.outputs.cache-hit }}" == "true" ]; then
+            echo "✓ Cache hit! Using cached memory analysis results."
+            echo "  Skipping build step to save time."
+          else
+            echo "✗ Cache miss. Will build and analyze memory usage."
+          fi
+
+      - name: Restore Python
+        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.cache-memory-analysis.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
+          cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
+
+      - name: Cache platformio
+        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.cache-memory-analysis.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
+        with:
+          path: ~/.platformio
+          key: platformio-memory-${{ fromJSON(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.memory_impact).platform }}-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
+
+      - name: Build, compile, and analyze memory
+        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.cache-memory-analysis.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        id: build
+        run: |
+          . venv/bin/activate
+          components='${{ toJSON(fromJSON(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.memory_impact).components) }}'
+          platform="${{ fromJSON(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.memory_impact).platform }}"
+
+          echo "Building with test_build_components.py for $platform with components:"
+          echo "$components" | jq -r '.[]' | sed 's/^/  - /'
+
+          # Use test_build_components.py which handles grouping automatically
+          # Pass components as comma-separated list
+          component_list=$(echo "$components" | jq -r 'join(",")')
+
+          echo "Compiling with test_build_components.py..."
+
+          # Run build and extract memory with auto-detection of build directory for detailed analysis
+          # Use tee to show output in CI while also piping to extraction script
+          python script/test_build_components.py \
+            -e compile \
+            -c "$component_list" \
+            -t "$platform" 2>&1 | \
+            tee /dev/stderr | \
+            python script/ci_memory_impact_extract.py \
+              --output-env \
+              --output-json memory-analysis-target.json
+
+          # Add metadata to JSON before caching
+          python script/ci_add_metadata_to_json.py \
+            --json-file memory-analysis-target.json \
+            --components "$components" \
+            --platform "$platform"
+
+      - name: Save memory analysis to cache
+        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.cache-memory-analysis.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' && steps.build.outcome == 'success'
+        uses: actions/cache/save@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
+        with:
+          path: memory-analysis-target.json
+          key: ${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.cache-key }}
+
+      - name: Extract memory usage for outputs
+        id: extract
+        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true'
+        run: |
+          if [ -f memory-analysis-target.json ]; then
+            ram=$(jq -r '.ram_bytes' memory-analysis-target.json)
+            flash=$(jq -r '.flash_bytes' memory-analysis-target.json)
+            echo "ram_usage=${ram}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+            echo "flash_usage=${flash}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+            echo "RAM: ${ram} bytes, Flash: ${flash} bytes"
+          else
+            echo "Error: memory-analysis-target.json not found"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+      - name: Upload memory analysis JSON
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        with:
+          name: memory-analysis-target
+          path: memory-analysis-target.json
+          if-no-files-found: warn
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  memory-impact-pr-branch:
+    name: Build PR branch for memory impact
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    needs:
+      - common
+      - determine-jobs
+    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.memory_impact).should_run == 'true'
+    outputs:
+      ram_usage: ${{ steps.extract.outputs.ram_usage }}
+      flash_usage: ${{ steps.extract.outputs.flash_usage }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out PR branch
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - name: Restore Python
+        uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
+          cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
+      - name: Cache platformio
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
+        with:
+          path: ~/.platformio
+          key: platformio-memory-${{ fromJSON(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.memory_impact).platform }}-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
+      - name: Build, compile, and analyze memory
+        id: extract
+        run: |
+          . venv/bin/activate
+          components='${{ toJSON(fromJSON(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.memory_impact).components) }}'
+          platform="${{ fromJSON(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.memory_impact).platform }}"
+
+          echo "Building with test_build_components.py for $platform with components:"
+          echo "$components" | jq -r '.[]' | sed 's/^/  - /'
+
+          # Use test_build_components.py which handles grouping automatically
+          # Pass components as comma-separated list
+          component_list=$(echo "$components" | jq -r 'join(",")')
+
+          echo "Compiling with test_build_components.py..."
+
+          # Run build and extract memory with auto-detection of build directory for detailed analysis
+          # Use tee to show output in CI while also piping to extraction script
+          python script/test_build_components.py \
+            -e compile \
+            -c "$component_list" \
+            -t "$platform" 2>&1 | \
+            tee /dev/stderr | \
+            python script/ci_memory_impact_extract.py \
+              --output-env \
+              --output-json memory-analysis-pr.json
+
+          # Add metadata to JSON (components and platform are in shell variables above)
+          python script/ci_add_metadata_to_json.py \
+            --json-file memory-analysis-pr.json \
+            --components "$components" \
+            --platform "$platform"
+
+      - name: Upload memory analysis JSON
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        with:
+          name: memory-analysis-pr
+          path: memory-analysis-pr.json
+          if-no-files-found: warn
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  memory-impact-comment:
+    name: Comment memory impact
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    needs:
+      - common
+      - determine-jobs
+      - memory-impact-target-branch
+      - memory-impact-pr-branch
+    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository && fromJSON(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.memory_impact).should_run == 'true' && needs.memory-impact-target-branch.outputs.skip != 'true'
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: write
+    env:
+      GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out code
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - name: Restore Python
+        uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
+          cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
+      - name: Download target analysis JSON
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@634f93cb2916e3fdff6788551b99b062d0335ce0 # v5.0.0
+        with:
+          name: memory-analysis-target
+          path: ./memory-analysis
+        continue-on-error: true
+      - name: Download PR analysis JSON
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@634f93cb2916e3fdff6788551b99b062d0335ce0 # v5.0.0
+        with:
+          name: memory-analysis-pr
+          path: ./memory-analysis
+        continue-on-error: true
+      - name: Post or update PR comment
+        env:
+          PR_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
+        run: |
+          . venv/bin/activate
+
+          # Pass JSON file paths directly to Python script
+          # All data is extracted from JSON files for security
+          python script/ci_memory_impact_comment.py \
+            --pr-number "$PR_NUMBER" \
+            --target-json ./memory-analysis/memory-analysis-target.json \
+            --pr-json ./memory-analysis/memory-analysis-pr.json
+
   ci-status:
     name: CI Status
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
@@ -498,11 +976,16 @@ jobs:
       - pylint
       - pytest
       - integration-tests
-      - clang-tidy
+      - clang-tidy-single
+      - clang-tidy-nosplit
+      - clang-tidy-split
       - determine-jobs
       - test-build-components-splitter
       - test-build-components-split
       - pre-commit-ci-lite
+      - memory-impact-target-branch
+      - memory-impact-pr-branch
+      - memory-impact-comment
     if: always()
     steps:
       - name: Success

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@f443b600d91635bebf5b0d9ebc620189c0d6fba5 # v4.30.8
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@16140ae1a102900babc80a33c44059580f687047 # v4.30.9
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           build-mode: ${{ matrix.build-mode }}
@@ -86,6 +86,6 @@ jobs:
           exit 1
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@f443b600d91635bebf5b0d9ebc620189c0d6fba5 # v4.30.8
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@16140ae1a102900babc80a33c44059580f687047 # v4.30.9
         with:
           category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"

.github/workflows/status-check-labels.yml

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ jobs:
         label:
           - needs-docs
           - merge-after-release
+          - chained-pr
     steps:
       - name: Check for ${{ matrix.label }} label
         uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ ci:
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.14.0
+    rev: v0.14.1
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff

CODEOWNERS

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ esphome/components/bedjet/fan/* @jhansche
 esphome/components/bedjet/sensor/* @javawizard @jhansche
 esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/* @Mat931
 esphome/components/bh1750/* @OttoWinter
+esphome/components/bh1900nux/* @B48D81EFCC
 esphome/components/binary_sensor/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/bk72xx/* @kuba2k2
 esphome/components/bl0906/* @athom-tech @jesserockz @tarontop
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ esphome/components/bl0939/* @ziceva
 esphome/components/bl0940/* @dan-s-github @tobias-
 esphome/components/bl0942/* @dbuezas @dwmw2
 esphome/components/ble_client/* @buxtronix @clydebarrow
+esphome/components/ble_nus/* @tomaszduda23
 esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/* @bdraco @jesserockz
 esphome/components/bme280_base/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/bme280_spi/* @apbodrov
@@ -159,6 +161,7 @@ esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/esp8266/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/esp_ldo/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/espnow/* @jesserockz
+esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/* @EasilyBoredEngineer
 esphome/components/ethernet_info/* @gtjadsonsantos
 esphome/components/event/* @nohat
 esphome/components/exposure_notifications/* @OttoWinter

esphome/__main__.py

@@ -62,6 +62,40 @@ from esphome.util import (
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+# Special non-component keys that appear in configs
+_NON_COMPONENT_KEYS = frozenset(
+    {
+        CONF_ESPHOME,
+        "substitutions",
+        "packages",
+        "globals",
+        "external_components",
+        "<<",
+    }
+)
+
+
+def detect_external_components(config: ConfigType) -> set[str]:
+    """Detect external/custom components in the configuration.
+
+    External components are those that appear in the config but are not
+    part of ESPHome's built-in components and are not special config keys.
+
+    Args:
+        config: The ESPHome configuration dictionary
+
+    Returns:
+        A set of external component names
+    """
+    from esphome.analyze_memory.helpers import get_esphome_components
+
+    builtin_components = get_esphome_components()
+    return {
+        key
+        for key in config
+        if key not in builtin_components and key not in _NON_COMPONENT_KEYS
+    }
+
 
 class ArgsProtocol(Protocol):
     device: list[str] | None
@@ -117,6 +151,17 @@ class Purpose(StrEnum):
     LOGGING = "logging"
 
 
+class PortType(StrEnum):
+    SERIAL = "SERIAL"
+    NETWORK = "NETWORK"
+    MQTT = "MQTT"
+    MQTTIP = "MQTTIP"
+
+
+# Magic MQTT port types that require special handling
+_MQTT_PORT_TYPES = frozenset({PortType.MQTT, PortType.MQTTIP})
+
+
 def _resolve_with_cache(address: str, purpose: Purpose) -> list[str]:
     """Resolve an address using cache if available, otherwise return the address itself."""
     if CORE.address_cache and (cached := CORE.address_cache.get_addresses(address)):
@@ -174,7 +219,9 @@ def choose_upload_log_host(
             else:
                 resolved.append(device)
         if not resolved:
-            _LOGGER.error("All specified devices: %s could not be resolved.", defaults)
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                f"All specified devices {defaults} could not be resolved. Is the device connected to the network?"
+            )
         return resolved
 
     # No devices specified, show interactive chooser
@@ -280,16 +327,67 @@ def mqtt_get_ip(config: ConfigType, username: str, password: str, client_id: str
     return mqtt.get_esphome_device_ip(config, username, password, client_id)
 
 
-_PORT_TO_PORT_TYPE = {
+def _resolve_network_devices(
-    "MQTT": "MQTT",
+    devices: list[str], config: ConfigType, args: ArgsProtocol
-    "MQTTIP": "MQTTIP",
+) -> list[str]:
-}
+    """Resolve device list, converting MQTT magic strings to actual IP addresses.
+
+    This function filters the devices list to:
+    - Replace MQTT/MQTTIP magic strings with actual IP addresses via MQTT lookup
+    - Deduplicate addresses while preserving order
+    - Only resolve MQTT once even if multiple MQTT strings are present
+    - If MQTT resolution fails, log a warning and continue with other devices
+
+    Args:
+        devices: List of device identifiers (IPs, hostnames, or magic strings)
+        config: ESPHome configuration
+        args: Command-line arguments containing MQTT credentials
+
+    Returns:
+        List of network addresses suitable for connection attempts
+    """
+    network_devices: list[str] = []
+    mqtt_resolved: bool = False
+
+    for device in devices:
+        port_type = get_port_type(device)
+        if port_type in _MQTT_PORT_TYPES:
+            # Only resolve MQTT once, even if multiple MQTT entries
+            if not mqtt_resolved:
+                try:
+                    mqtt_ips = mqtt_get_ip(
+                        config, args.username, args.password, args.client_id
+                    )
+                    network_devices.extend(mqtt_ips)
+                except EsphomeError as err:
+                    _LOGGER.warning(
+                        "MQTT IP discovery failed (%s), will try other devices if available",
+                        err,
+                    )
+                mqtt_resolved = True
+        elif device not in network_devices:
+            # Regular network address or IP - add if not already present
+            network_devices.append(device)
+
+    return network_devices
 
 
-def get_port_type(port: str) -> str:
+def get_port_type(port: str) -> PortType:
+    """Determine the type of port/device identifier.
+
+    Returns:
+        PortType.SERIAL for serial ports (/dev/ttyUSB0, COM1, etc.)
+        PortType.MQTT for MQTT logging
+        PortType.MQTTIP for MQTT IP lookup
+        PortType.NETWORK for IP addresses, hostnames, or mDNS names
+    """
     if port.startswith("/") or port.startswith("COM"):
-        return "SERIAL"
+        return PortType.SERIAL
-    return _PORT_TO_PORT_TYPE.get(port, "NETWORK")
+    if port == "MQTT":
+        return PortType.MQTT
+    if port == "MQTTIP":
+        return PortType.MQTTIP
+    return PortType.NETWORK
 
 
 def run_miniterm(config: ConfigType, port: str, args) -> int:
@@ -404,7 +502,9 @@ def write_cpp_file() -> int:
 def compile_program(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int:
     from esphome import platformio_api
 
-    _LOGGER.info("Compiling app...")
+    # NOTE: "Build path:" format is parsed by script/ci_memory_impact_extract.py
+    # If you change this format, update the regex in that script as well
+    _LOGGER.info("Compiling app... Build path: %s", CORE.build_path)
     rc = platformio_api.run_compile(config, CORE.verbose)
     if rc != 0:
         return rc
@@ -489,7 +589,7 @@ def upload_using_platformio(config: ConfigType, port: str):
 
 
 def check_permissions(port: str):
-    if os.name == "posix" and get_port_type(port) == "SERIAL":
+    if os.name == "posix" and get_port_type(port) == PortType.SERIAL:
         # Check if we can open selected serial port
         if not os.access(port, os.F_OK):
             raise EsphomeError(
@@ -517,7 +617,7 @@ def upload_program(
     except AttributeError:
         pass
 
-    if get_port_type(host) == "SERIAL":
+    if get_port_type(host) == PortType.SERIAL:
         check_permissions(host)
 
         exit_code = 1
@@ -544,17 +644,16 @@ def upload_program(
     from esphome import espota2
 
     remote_port = int(ota_conf[CONF_PORT])
-    password = ota_conf.get(CONF_PASSWORD, "")
+    password = ota_conf.get(CONF_PASSWORD)
     if getattr(args, "file", None) is not None:
         binary = Path(args.file)
     else:
         binary = CORE.firmware_bin
 
-    # MQTT address resolution
+    # Resolve MQTT magic strings to actual IP addresses
-    if get_port_type(host) in ("MQTT", "MQTTIP"):
+    network_devices = _resolve_network_devices(devices, config, args)
-        devices = mqtt_get_ip(config, args.username, args.password, args.client_id)
 
-    return espota2.run_ota(devices, remote_port, password, binary)
+    return espota2.run_ota(network_devices, remote_port, password, binary)
 
 
 def show_logs(config: ConfigType, args: ArgsProtocol, devices: list[str]) -> int | None:
@@ -569,33 +668,22 @@ def show_logs(config: ConfigType, args: ArgsProtocol, devices: list[str]) -> int
         raise EsphomeError("Logger is not configured!")
 
     port = devices[0]
+    port_type = get_port_type(port)
 
-    if get_port_type(port) == "SERIAL":
+    if port_type == PortType.SERIAL:
         check_permissions(port)
         return run_miniterm(config, port, args)
 
-    port_type = get_port_type(port)
-
     # Check if we should use API for logging
-    if has_api():
+    # Resolve MQTT magic strings to actual IP addresses
-        addresses_to_use: list[str] | None = None
+    if has_api() and (
+        network_devices := _resolve_network_devices(devices, config, args)
+    ):
+        from esphome.components.api.client import run_logs
 
-        if port_type == "NETWORK":
+        return run_logs(config, network_devices)
-            # Network addresses (IPs, mDNS names, or regular DNS hostnames) can be used
-            # The resolve_ip_address() function in helpers.py handles all types
-            addresses_to_use = devices
-        elif port_type in ("MQTT", "MQTTIP") and has_mqtt_ip_lookup():
-            # Use MQTT IP lookup for MQTT/MQTTIP types
-            addresses_to_use = mqtt_get_ip(
-                config, args.username, args.password, args.client_id
-            )
 
-        if addresses_to_use is not None:
+    if port_type in (PortType.NETWORK, PortType.MQTT) and has_mqtt_logging():
-            from esphome.components.api.client import run_logs
-
-            return run_logs(config, addresses_to_use)
-
-    if port_type in ("NETWORK", "MQTT") and has_mqtt_logging():
         from esphome import mqtt
 
         return mqtt.show_logs(
@@ -845,6 +933,54 @@ def command_idedata(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int:
     return 0
 
 
+def command_analyze_memory(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int:
+    """Analyze memory usage by component.
+
+    This command compiles the configuration and performs memory analysis.
+    Compilation is fast if sources haven't changed (just relinking).
+    """
+    from esphome import platformio_api
+    from esphome.analyze_memory.cli import MemoryAnalyzerCLI
+
+    # Always compile to ensure fresh data (fast if no changes - just relinks)
+    exit_code = write_cpp(config)
+    if exit_code != 0:
+        return exit_code
+    exit_code = compile_program(args, config)
+    if exit_code != 0:
+        return exit_code
+    _LOGGER.info("Successfully compiled program.")
+
+    # Get idedata for analysis
+    idedata = platformio_api.get_idedata(config)
+    if idedata is None:
+        _LOGGER.error("Failed to get IDE data for memory analysis")
+        return 1
+
+    firmware_elf = Path(idedata.firmware_elf_path)
+
+    # Extract external components from config
+    external_components = detect_external_components(config)
+    _LOGGER.debug("Detected external components: %s", external_components)
+
+    # Perform memory analysis
+    _LOGGER.info("Analyzing memory usage...")
+    analyzer = MemoryAnalyzerCLI(
+        str(firmware_elf),
+        idedata.objdump_path,
+        idedata.readelf_path,
+        external_components,
+    )
+    analyzer.analyze()
+
+    # Generate and display report
+    report = analyzer.generate_report()
+    print()
+    print(report)
+
+    return 0
+
+
 def command_rename(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
     new_name = args.name
     for c in new_name:
@@ -960,6 +1096,7 @@ POST_CONFIG_ACTIONS = {
     "idedata": command_idedata,
     "rename": command_rename,
     "discover": command_discover,
+    "analyze-memory": command_analyze_memory,
 }
 
 SIMPLE_CONFIG_ACTIONS = [
@@ -1256,6 +1393,14 @@ def parse_args(argv):
     )
     parser_rename.add_argument("name", help="The new name for the device.", type=str)
 
+    parser_analyze_memory = subparsers.add_parser(
+        "analyze-memory",
+        help="Analyze memory usage by component.",
+    )
+    parser_analyze_memory.add_argument(
+        "configuration", help="Your YAML configuration file(s).", nargs="+"
+    )
+
     # Keep backward compatibility with the old command line format of
     # esphome <config> <command>.
     #

esphome/analyze_memory/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,502 @@
+"""Memory usage analyzer for ESPHome compiled binaries."""
+
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+import subprocess
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .const import (
+    CORE_SUBCATEGORY_PATTERNS,
+    DEMANGLED_PATTERNS,
+    ESPHOME_COMPONENT_PATTERN,
+    SECTION_TO_ATTR,
+    SYMBOL_PATTERNS,
+)
+from .helpers import (
+    get_component_class_patterns,
+    get_esphome_components,
+    map_section_name,
+    parse_symbol_line,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from esphome.platformio_api import IDEData
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# GCC global constructor/destructor prefix annotations
+_GCC_PREFIX_ANNOTATIONS = {
+    "_GLOBAL__sub_I_": "global constructor for",
+    "_GLOBAL__sub_D_": "global destructor for",
+}
+
+# GCC optimization suffix pattern (e.g., $isra$0, $part$1, $constprop$2)
+_GCC_OPTIMIZATION_SUFFIX_PATTERN = re.compile(r"(\$(?:isra|part|constprop)\$\d+)")
+
+# C++ runtime patterns for categorization
+_CPP_RUNTIME_PATTERNS = frozenset(["vtable", "typeinfo", "thunk"])
+
+# libc printf/scanf family base names (used to detect variants like _printf_r, vfprintf, etc.)
+_LIBC_PRINTF_SCANF_FAMILY = frozenset(["printf", "fprintf", "sprintf", "scanf"])
+
+# Regex pattern for parsing readelf section headers
+# Format: [ #] name type addr off size
+_READELF_SECTION_PATTERN = re.compile(
+    r"\s*\[\s*\d+\]\s+([\.\w]+)\s+\w+\s+[\da-fA-F]+\s+[\da-fA-F]+\s+([\da-fA-F]+)"
+)
+
+# Component category prefixes
+_COMPONENT_PREFIX_ESPHOME = "[esphome]"
+_COMPONENT_PREFIX_EXTERNAL = "[external]"
+_COMPONENT_CORE = f"{_COMPONENT_PREFIX_ESPHOME}core"
+_COMPONENT_API = f"{_COMPONENT_PREFIX_ESPHOME}api"
+
+# C++ namespace prefixes
+_NAMESPACE_ESPHOME = "esphome::"
+_NAMESPACE_STD = "std::"
+
+# Type alias for symbol information: (symbol_name, size, component)
+SymbolInfoType = tuple[str, int, str]
+
+
+@dataclass
+class MemorySection:
+    """Represents a memory section with its symbols."""
+
+    name: str
+    symbols: list[SymbolInfoType] = field(default_factory=list)
+    total_size: int = 0
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ComponentMemory:
+    """Tracks memory usage for a component."""
+
+    name: str
+    text_size: int = 0  # Code in flash
+    rodata_size: int = 0  # Read-only data in flash
+    data_size: int = 0  # Initialized data (flash + ram)
+    bss_size: int = 0  # Uninitialized data (ram only)
+    symbol_count: int = 0
+
+    @property
+    def flash_total(self) -> int:
+        """Total flash usage (text + rodata + data)."""
+        return self.text_size + self.rodata_size + self.data_size
+
+    @property
+    def ram_total(self) -> int:
+        """Total RAM usage (data + bss)."""
+        return self.data_size + self.bss_size
+
+
+class MemoryAnalyzer:
+    """Analyzes memory usage from ELF files."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        elf_path: str,
+        objdump_path: str | None = None,
+        readelf_path: str | None = None,
+        external_components: set[str] | None = None,
+        idedata: "IDEData | None" = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Initialize memory analyzer.
+
+        Args:
+            elf_path: Path to ELF file to analyze
+            objdump_path: Path to objdump binary (auto-detected from idedata if not provided)
+            readelf_path: Path to readelf binary (auto-detected from idedata if not provided)
+            external_components: Set of external component names
+            idedata: Optional PlatformIO IDEData object to auto-detect toolchain paths
+        """
+        self.elf_path = Path(elf_path)
+        if not self.elf_path.exists():
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f"ELF file not found: {elf_path}")
+
+        # Auto-detect toolchain paths from idedata if not provided
+        if idedata is not None and (objdump_path is None or readelf_path is None):
+            objdump_path = objdump_path or idedata.objdump_path
+            readelf_path = readelf_path or idedata.readelf_path
+            _LOGGER.debug("Using toolchain paths from PlatformIO idedata")
+
+        self.objdump_path = objdump_path or "objdump"
+        self.readelf_path = readelf_path or "readelf"
+        self.external_components = external_components or set()
+
+        self.sections: dict[str, MemorySection] = {}
+        self.components: dict[str, ComponentMemory] = defaultdict(
+            lambda: ComponentMemory("")
+        )
+        self._demangle_cache: dict[str, str] = {}
+        self._uncategorized_symbols: list[tuple[str, str, int]] = []
+        self._esphome_core_symbols: list[
+            tuple[str, str, int]
+        ] = []  # Track core symbols
+        self._component_symbols: dict[str, list[tuple[str, str, int]]] = defaultdict(
+            list
+        )  # Track symbols for all components
+
+    def analyze(self) -> dict[str, ComponentMemory]:
+        """Analyze the ELF file and return component memory usage."""
+        self._parse_sections()
+        self._parse_symbols()
+        self._categorize_symbols()
+        return dict(self.components)
+
+    def _parse_sections(self) -> None:
+        """Parse section headers from ELF file."""
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            [self.readelf_path, "-S", str(self.elf_path)],
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+            check=True,
+        )
+
+        # Parse section headers
+        for line in result.stdout.splitlines():
+            # Look for section entries
+            if not (match := _READELF_SECTION_PATTERN.match(line)):
+                continue
+
+            section_name = match.group(1)
+            size_hex = match.group(2)
+            size = int(size_hex, 16)
+
+            # Map to standard section name
+            mapped_section = map_section_name(section_name)
+            if not mapped_section:
+                continue
+
+            if mapped_section not in self.sections:
+                self.sections[mapped_section] = MemorySection(mapped_section)
+            self.sections[mapped_section].total_size += size
+
+    def _parse_symbols(self) -> None:
+        """Parse symbols from ELF file."""
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            [self.objdump_path, "-t", str(self.elf_path)],
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+            check=True,
+        )
+
+        # Track seen addresses to avoid duplicates
+        seen_addresses: set[str] = set()
+
+        for line in result.stdout.splitlines():
+            if not (symbol_info := parse_symbol_line(line)):
+                continue
+
+            section, name, size, address = symbol_info
+
+            # Skip duplicate symbols at the same address (e.g., C1/C2 constructors)
+            if address in seen_addresses or section not in self.sections:
+                continue
+
+            self.sections[section].symbols.append((name, size, ""))
+            seen_addresses.add(address)
+
+    def _categorize_symbols(self) -> None:
+        """Categorize symbols by component."""
+        # First, collect all unique symbol names for batch demangling
+        all_symbols = {
+            symbol_name
+            for section in self.sections.values()
+            for symbol_name, _, _ in section.symbols
+        }
+
+        # Batch demangle all symbols at once
+        self._batch_demangle_symbols(list(all_symbols))
+
+        # Now categorize with cached demangled names
+        for section_name, section in self.sections.items():
+            for symbol_name, size, _ in section.symbols:
+                component = self._identify_component(symbol_name)
+
+                if component not in self.components:
+                    self.components[component] = ComponentMemory(component)
+
+                comp_mem = self.components[component]
+                comp_mem.symbol_count += 1
+
+                # Update the appropriate size attribute based on section
+                if attr_name := SECTION_TO_ATTR.get(section_name):
+                    setattr(comp_mem, attr_name, getattr(comp_mem, attr_name) + size)
+
+                # Track uncategorized symbols
+                if component == "other" and size > 0:
+                    demangled = self._demangle_symbol(symbol_name)
+                    self._uncategorized_symbols.append((symbol_name, demangled, size))
+
+                # Track ESPHome core symbols for detailed analysis
+                if component == _COMPONENT_CORE and size > 0:
+                    demangled = self._demangle_symbol(symbol_name)
+                    self._esphome_core_symbols.append((symbol_name, demangled, size))
+
+                # Track all component symbols for detailed analysis
+                if size > 0:
+                    demangled = self._demangle_symbol(symbol_name)
+                    self._component_symbols[component].append(
+                        (symbol_name, demangled, size)
+                    )
+
+    def _identify_component(self, symbol_name: str) -> str:
+        """Identify which component a symbol belongs to."""
+        # Demangle C++ names if needed
+        demangled = self._demangle_symbol(symbol_name)
+
+        # Check for special component classes first (before namespace pattern)
+        # This handles cases like esphome::ESPHomeOTAComponent which should map to ota
+        if _NAMESPACE_ESPHOME in demangled:
+            # Check for special component classes that include component name in the class
+            # For example: esphome::ESPHomeOTAComponent -> ota component
+            for component_name in get_esphome_components():
+                patterns = get_component_class_patterns(component_name)
+                if any(pattern in demangled for pattern in patterns):
+                    return f"{_COMPONENT_PREFIX_ESPHOME}{component_name}"
+
+        # Check for ESPHome component namespaces
+        match = ESPHOME_COMPONENT_PATTERN.search(demangled)
+        if match:
+            component_name = match.group(1)
+            # Strip trailing underscore if present (e.g., switch_ -> switch)
+            component_name = component_name.rstrip("_")
+
+            # Check if this is an actual component in the components directory
+            if component_name in get_esphome_components():
+                return f"{_COMPONENT_PREFIX_ESPHOME}{component_name}"
+            # Check if this is a known external component from the config
+            if component_name in self.external_components:
+                return f"{_COMPONENT_PREFIX_EXTERNAL}{component_name}"
+            # Everything else in esphome:: namespace is core
+            return _COMPONENT_CORE
+
+        # Check for esphome core namespace (no component namespace)
+        if _NAMESPACE_ESPHOME in demangled:
+            # If no component match found, it's core
+            return _COMPONENT_CORE
+
+        # Check against symbol patterns
+        for component, patterns in SYMBOL_PATTERNS.items():
+            if any(pattern in symbol_name for pattern in patterns):
+                return component
+
+        # Check against demangled patterns
+        for component, patterns in DEMANGLED_PATTERNS.items():
+            if any(pattern in demangled for pattern in patterns):
+                return component
+
+        # Special cases that need more complex logic
+
+        # Check if spi_flash vs spi_driver
+        if "spi_" in symbol_name or "SPI" in symbol_name:
+            return "spi_flash" if "spi_flash" in symbol_name else "spi_driver"
+
+        # libc special printf variants
+        if (
+            symbol_name.startswith("_")
+            and symbol_name[1:].replace("_r", "").replace("v", "").replace("s", "")
+            in _LIBC_PRINTF_SCANF_FAMILY
+        ):
+            return "libc"
+
+        # Track uncategorized symbols for analysis
+        return "other"
+
+    def _batch_demangle_symbols(self, symbols: list[str]) -> None:
+        """Batch demangle C++ symbol names for efficiency."""
+        if not symbols:
+            return
+
+        # Try to find the appropriate c++filt for the platform
+        cppfilt_cmd = "c++filt"
+
+        _LOGGER.info("Demangling %d symbols", len(symbols))
+        _LOGGER.debug("objdump_path = %s", self.objdump_path)
+
+        # Check if we have a toolchain-specific c++filt
+        if self.objdump_path and self.objdump_path != "objdump":
+            # Replace objdump with c++filt in the path
+            potential_cppfilt = self.objdump_path.replace("objdump", "c++filt")
+            _LOGGER.info("Checking for toolchain c++filt at: %s", potential_cppfilt)
+            if Path(potential_cppfilt).exists():
+                cppfilt_cmd = potential_cppfilt
+                _LOGGER.info("✓ Using toolchain c++filt: %s", cppfilt_cmd)
+            else:
+                _LOGGER.info(
+                    "✗ Toolchain c++filt not found at %s, using system c++filt",
+                    potential_cppfilt,
+                )
+        else:
+            _LOGGER.info("✗ Using system c++filt (objdump_path=%s)", self.objdump_path)
+
+        # Strip GCC optimization suffixes and prefixes before demangling
+        # Suffixes like $isra$0, $part$0, $constprop$0 confuse c++filt
+        # Prefixes like _GLOBAL__sub_I_ need to be removed and tracked
+        symbols_stripped: list[str] = []
+        symbols_prefixes: list[str] = []  # Track removed prefixes
+        for symbol in symbols:
+            # Remove GCC optimization markers
+            stripped = _GCC_OPTIMIZATION_SUFFIX_PATTERN.sub("", symbol)
+
+            # Handle GCC global constructor/initializer prefixes
+            # _GLOBAL__sub_I_<mangled> -> extract <mangled> for demangling
+            prefix = ""
+            for gcc_prefix in _GCC_PREFIX_ANNOTATIONS:
+                if stripped.startswith(gcc_prefix):
+                    prefix = gcc_prefix
+                    stripped = stripped[len(prefix) :]
+                    break
+
+            symbols_stripped.append(stripped)
+            symbols_prefixes.append(prefix)
+
+        try:
+            # Send all symbols to c++filt at once
+            result = subprocess.run(
+                [cppfilt_cmd],
+                input="\n".join(symbols_stripped),
+                capture_output=True,
+                text=True,
+                check=False,
+            )
+        except (subprocess.SubprocessError, OSError, UnicodeDecodeError) as e:
+            # On error, cache originals
+            _LOGGER.warning("Failed to batch demangle symbols: %s", e)
+            for symbol in symbols:
+                self._demangle_cache[symbol] = symbol
+            return
+
+        if result.returncode != 0:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "c++filt exited with code %d: %s",
+                result.returncode,
+                result.stderr[:200] if result.stderr else "(no error output)",
+            )
+            # Cache originals on failure
+            for symbol in symbols:
+                self._demangle_cache[symbol] = symbol
+            return
+
+        # Process demangled output
+        self._process_demangled_output(
+            symbols, symbols_stripped, symbols_prefixes, result.stdout, cppfilt_cmd
+        )
+
+    def _process_demangled_output(
+        self,
+        symbols: list[str],
+        symbols_stripped: list[str],
+        symbols_prefixes: list[str],
+        demangled_output: str,
+        cppfilt_cmd: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Process demangled symbol output and populate cache.
+
+        Args:
+            symbols: Original symbol names
+            symbols_stripped: Stripped symbol names sent to c++filt
+            symbols_prefixes: Removed prefixes to restore
+            demangled_output: Output from c++filt
+            cppfilt_cmd: Path to c++filt command (for logging)
+        """
+        demangled_lines = demangled_output.strip().split("\n")
+        failed_count = 0
+
+        for original, stripped, prefix, demangled in zip(
+            symbols, symbols_stripped, symbols_prefixes, demangled_lines
+        ):
+            # Add back any prefix that was removed
+            demangled = self._restore_symbol_prefix(prefix, stripped, demangled)
+
+            # If we stripped a suffix, add it back to the demangled name for clarity
+            if original != stripped and not prefix:
+                demangled = self._restore_symbol_suffix(original, demangled)
+
+            self._demangle_cache[original] = demangled
+
+            # Log symbols that failed to demangle (stayed the same as stripped version)
+            if stripped == demangled and stripped.startswith("_Z"):
+                failed_count += 1
+                if failed_count <= 5:  # Only log first 5 failures
+                    _LOGGER.warning("Failed to demangle: %s", original)
+
+        if failed_count == 0:
+            _LOGGER.info("Successfully demangled all %d symbols", len(symbols))
+            return
+
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Failed to demangle %d/%d symbols using %s",
+            failed_count,
+            len(symbols),
+            cppfilt_cmd,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _restore_symbol_prefix(prefix: str, stripped: str, demangled: str) -> str:
+        """Restore prefix that was removed before demangling.
+
+        Args:
+            prefix: Prefix that was removed (e.g., "_GLOBAL__sub_I_")
+            stripped: Stripped symbol name
+            demangled: Demangled symbol name
+
+        Returns:
+            Demangled name with prefix restored/annotated
+        """
+        if not prefix:
+            return demangled
+
+        # Successfully demangled - add descriptive prefix
+        if demangled != stripped and (
+            annotation := _GCC_PREFIX_ANNOTATIONS.get(prefix)
+        ):
+            return f"[{annotation}: {demangled}]"
+
+        # Failed to demangle - restore original prefix
+        return prefix + demangled
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _restore_symbol_suffix(original: str, demangled: str) -> str:
+        """Restore GCC optimization suffix that was removed before demangling.
+
+        Args:
+            original: Original symbol name with suffix
+            demangled: Demangled symbol name without suffix
+
+        Returns:
+            Demangled name with suffix annotation
+        """
+        if suffix_match := _GCC_OPTIMIZATION_SUFFIX_PATTERN.search(original):
+            return f"{demangled} [{suffix_match.group(1)}]"
+        return demangled
+
+    def _demangle_symbol(self, symbol: str) -> str:
+        """Get demangled C++ symbol name from cache."""
+        return self._demangle_cache.get(symbol, symbol)
+
+    def _categorize_esphome_core_symbol(self, demangled: str) -> str:
+        """Categorize ESPHome core symbols into subcategories."""
+        # Special patterns that need to be checked separately
+        if any(pattern in demangled for pattern in _CPP_RUNTIME_PATTERNS):
+            return "C++ Runtime (vtables/RTTI)"
+
+        if demangled.startswith(_NAMESPACE_STD):
+            return "C++ STL"
+
+        # Check against patterns from const.py
+        for category, patterns in CORE_SUBCATEGORY_PATTERNS.items():
+            if any(pattern in demangled for pattern in patterns):
+                return category
+
+        return "Other Core"
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from .cli import main
+
+    main()

esphome/analyze_memory/__main__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"""Main entry point for running the memory analyzer as a module."""
+
+from .cli import main
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

esphome/analyze_memory/cli.py

@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+"""CLI interface for memory analysis with report generation."""
+
+from collections import defaultdict
+import sys
+
+from . import (
+    _COMPONENT_API,
+    _COMPONENT_CORE,
+    _COMPONENT_PREFIX_ESPHOME,
+    _COMPONENT_PREFIX_EXTERNAL,
+    MemoryAnalyzer,
+)
+
+
+class MemoryAnalyzerCLI(MemoryAnalyzer):
+    """Memory analyzer with CLI-specific report generation."""
+
+    # Column width constants
+    COL_COMPONENT: int = 29
+    COL_FLASH_TEXT: int = 14
+    COL_FLASH_DATA: int = 14
+    COL_RAM_DATA: int = 12
+    COL_RAM_BSS: int = 12
+    COL_TOTAL_FLASH: int = 15
+    COL_TOTAL_RAM: int = 12
+    COL_SEPARATOR: int = 3  # " | "
+
+    # Core analysis column widths
+    COL_CORE_SUBCATEGORY: int = 30
+    COL_CORE_SIZE: int = 12
+    COL_CORE_COUNT: int = 6
+    COL_CORE_PERCENT: int = 10
+
+    # Calculate table width once at class level
+    TABLE_WIDTH: int = (
+        COL_COMPONENT
+        + COL_SEPARATOR
+        + COL_FLASH_TEXT
+        + COL_SEPARATOR
+        + COL_FLASH_DATA
+        + COL_SEPARATOR
+        + COL_RAM_DATA
+        + COL_SEPARATOR
+        + COL_RAM_BSS
+        + COL_SEPARATOR
+        + COL_TOTAL_FLASH
+        + COL_SEPARATOR
+        + COL_TOTAL_RAM
+    )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _make_separator_line(*widths: int) -> str:
+        """Create a separator line with given column widths.
+
+        Args:
+            widths: Column widths to create separators for
+
+        Returns:
+            Separator line like "----+---------+-----"
+        """
+        return "-+-".join("-" * width for width in widths)
+
+    # Pre-computed separator lines
+    MAIN_TABLE_SEPARATOR: str = _make_separator_line(
+        COL_COMPONENT,
+        COL_FLASH_TEXT,
+        COL_FLASH_DATA,
+        COL_RAM_DATA,
+        COL_RAM_BSS,
+        COL_TOTAL_FLASH,
+        COL_TOTAL_RAM,
+    )
+
+    CORE_TABLE_SEPARATOR: str = _make_separator_line(
+        COL_CORE_SUBCATEGORY,
+        COL_CORE_SIZE,
+        COL_CORE_COUNT,
+        COL_CORE_PERCENT,
+    )
+
+    def generate_report(self, detailed: bool = False) -> str:
+        """Generate a formatted memory report."""
+        components = sorted(
+            self.components.items(), key=lambda x: x[1].flash_total, reverse=True
+        )
+
+        # Calculate totals
+        total_flash = sum(c.flash_total for _, c in components)
+        total_ram = sum(c.ram_total for _, c in components)
+
+        # Build report
+        lines: list[str] = []
+
+        lines.append("=" * self.TABLE_WIDTH)
+        lines.append("Component Memory Analysis".center(self.TABLE_WIDTH))
+        lines.append("=" * self.TABLE_WIDTH)
+        lines.append("")
+
+        # Main table - fixed column widths
+        lines.append(
+            f"{'Component':<{self.COL_COMPONENT}} | {'Flash (text)':>{self.COL_FLASH_TEXT}} | {'Flash (data)':>{self.COL_FLASH_DATA}} | {'RAM (data)':>{self.COL_RAM_DATA}} | {'RAM (bss)':>{self.COL_RAM_BSS}} | {'Total Flash':>{self.COL_TOTAL_FLASH}} | {'Total RAM':>{self.COL_TOTAL_RAM}}"
+        )
+        lines.append(self.MAIN_TABLE_SEPARATOR)
+
+        for name, mem in components:
+            if mem.flash_total > 0 or mem.ram_total > 0:
+                flash_rodata = mem.rodata_size + mem.data_size
+                lines.append(
+                    f"{name:<{self.COL_COMPONENT}} | {mem.text_size:>{self.COL_FLASH_TEXT - 2},} B | {flash_rodata:>{self.COL_FLASH_DATA - 2},} B | "
+                    f"{mem.data_size:>{self.COL_RAM_DATA - 2},} B | {mem.bss_size:>{self.COL_RAM_BSS - 2},} B | "
+                    f"{mem.flash_total:>{self.COL_TOTAL_FLASH - 2},} B | {mem.ram_total:>{self.COL_TOTAL_RAM - 2},} B"
+                )
+
+        lines.append(self.MAIN_TABLE_SEPARATOR)
+        lines.append(
+            f"{'TOTAL':<{self.COL_COMPONENT}} | {' ':>{self.COL_FLASH_TEXT}} | {' ':>{self.COL_FLASH_DATA}} | "
+            f"{' ':>{self.COL_RAM_DATA}} | {' ':>{self.COL_RAM_BSS}} | "
+            f"{total_flash:>{self.COL_TOTAL_FLASH - 2},} B | {total_ram:>{self.COL_TOTAL_RAM - 2},} B"
+        )
+
+        # Top consumers
+        lines.append("")
+        lines.append("Top Flash Consumers:")
+        for i, (name, mem) in enumerate(components[:25]):
+            if mem.flash_total > 0:
+                percentage = (
+                    (mem.flash_total / total_flash * 100) if total_flash > 0 else 0
+                )
+                lines.append(
+                    f"{i + 1}. {name} ({mem.flash_total:,} B) - {percentage:.1f}% of analyzed flash"
+                )
+
+        lines.append("")
+        lines.append("Top RAM Consumers:")
+        ram_components = sorted(components, key=lambda x: x[1].ram_total, reverse=True)
+        for i, (name, mem) in enumerate(ram_components[:25]):
+            if mem.ram_total > 0:
+                percentage = (mem.ram_total / total_ram * 100) if total_ram > 0 else 0
+                lines.append(
+                    f"{i + 1}. {name} ({mem.ram_total:,} B) - {percentage:.1f}% of analyzed RAM"
+                )
+
+        lines.append("")
+        lines.append(
+            "Note: This analysis covers symbols in the ELF file. Some runtime allocations may not be included."
+        )
+        lines.append("=" * self.TABLE_WIDTH)
+
+        # Add ESPHome core detailed analysis if there are core symbols
+        if self._esphome_core_symbols:
+            lines.append("")
+            lines.append("=" * self.TABLE_WIDTH)
+            lines.append(
+                f"{_COMPONENT_CORE} Detailed Analysis".center(self.TABLE_WIDTH)
+            )
+            lines.append("=" * self.TABLE_WIDTH)
+            lines.append("")
+
+            # Group core symbols by subcategory
+            core_subcategories: dict[str, list[tuple[str, str, int]]] = defaultdict(
+                list
+            )
+
+            for symbol, demangled, size in self._esphome_core_symbols:
+                # Categorize based on demangled name patterns
+                subcategory = self._categorize_esphome_core_symbol(demangled)
+                core_subcategories[subcategory].append((symbol, demangled, size))
+
+            # Sort subcategories by total size
+            sorted_subcategories = sorted(
+                [
+                    (name, symbols, sum(s[2] for s in symbols))
+                    for name, symbols in core_subcategories.items()
+                ],
+                key=lambda x: x[2],
+                reverse=True,
+            )
+
+            lines.append(
+                f"{'Subcategory':<{self.COL_CORE_SUBCATEGORY}} | {'Size':>{self.COL_CORE_SIZE}} | "
+                f"{'Count':>{self.COL_CORE_COUNT}} | {'% of Core':>{self.COL_CORE_PERCENT}}"
+            )
+            lines.append(self.CORE_TABLE_SEPARATOR)
+
+            core_total = sum(size for _, _, size in self._esphome_core_symbols)
+
+            for subcategory, symbols, total_size in sorted_subcategories:
+                percentage = (total_size / core_total * 100) if core_total > 0 else 0
+                lines.append(
+                    f"{subcategory:<{self.COL_CORE_SUBCATEGORY}} | {total_size:>{self.COL_CORE_SIZE - 2},} B | "
+                    f"{len(symbols):>{self.COL_CORE_COUNT}} | {percentage:>{self.COL_CORE_PERCENT - 1}.1f}%"
+                )
+
+            # Top 15 largest core symbols
+            lines.append("")
+            lines.append(f"Top 15 Largest {_COMPONENT_CORE} Symbols:")
+            sorted_core_symbols = sorted(
+                self._esphome_core_symbols, key=lambda x: x[2], reverse=True
+            )
+
+            for i, (symbol, demangled, size) in enumerate(sorted_core_symbols[:15]):
+                lines.append(f"{i + 1}. {demangled} ({size:,} B)")
+
+            lines.append("=" * self.TABLE_WIDTH)
+
+        # Add detailed analysis for top ESPHome and external components
+        esphome_components = [
+            (name, mem)
+            for name, mem in components
+            if name.startswith(_COMPONENT_PREFIX_ESPHOME) and name != _COMPONENT_CORE
+        ]
+        external_components = [
+            (name, mem)
+            for name, mem in components
+            if name.startswith(_COMPONENT_PREFIX_EXTERNAL)
+        ]
+
+        top_esphome_components = sorted(
+            esphome_components, key=lambda x: x[1].flash_total, reverse=True
+        )[:30]
+
+        # Include all external components (they're usually important)
+        top_external_components = sorted(
+            external_components, key=lambda x: x[1].flash_total, reverse=True
+        )
+
+        # Check if API component exists and ensure it's included
+        api_component = None
+        for name, mem in components:
+            if name == _COMPONENT_API:
+                api_component = (name, mem)
+                break
+
+        # Also include wifi_stack and other important system components if they exist
+        system_components_to_include = [
+            # Empty list - we've finished debugging symbol categorization
+            # Add component names here if you need to debug their symbols
+        ]
+        system_components = [
+            (name, mem)
+            for name, mem in components
+            if name in system_components_to_include
+        ]
+
+        # Combine all components to analyze: top ESPHome + all external + API if not already included + system components
+        components_to_analyze = (
+            list(top_esphome_components)
+            + list(top_external_components)
+            + system_components
+        )
+        if api_component and api_component not in components_to_analyze:
+            components_to_analyze.append(api_component)
+
+        if components_to_analyze:
+            for comp_name, comp_mem in components_to_analyze:
+                if not (comp_symbols := self._component_symbols.get(comp_name, [])):
+                    continue
+                lines.append("")
+                lines.append("=" * self.TABLE_WIDTH)
+                lines.append(f"{comp_name} Detailed Analysis".center(self.TABLE_WIDTH))
+                lines.append("=" * self.TABLE_WIDTH)
+                lines.append("")
+
+                # Sort symbols by size
+                sorted_symbols = sorted(comp_symbols, key=lambda x: x[2], reverse=True)
+
+                lines.append(f"Total symbols: {len(sorted_symbols)}")
+                lines.append(f"Total size: {comp_mem.flash_total:,} B")
+                lines.append("")
+
+                # Show all symbols > 100 bytes for better visibility
+                large_symbols = [
+                    (sym, dem, size) for sym, dem, size in sorted_symbols if size > 100
+                ]
+
+                lines.append(
+                    f"{comp_name} Symbols > 100 B ({len(large_symbols)} symbols):"
+                )
+                for i, (symbol, demangled, size) in enumerate(large_symbols):
+                    lines.append(f"{i + 1}. {demangled} ({size:,} B)")
+
+                lines.append("=" * self.TABLE_WIDTH)
+
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+
+    def dump_uncategorized_symbols(self, output_file: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """Dump uncategorized symbols for analysis."""
+        # Sort by size descending
+        sorted_symbols = sorted(
+            self._uncategorized_symbols, key=lambda x: x[2], reverse=True
+        )
+
+        lines = ["Uncategorized Symbols Analysis", "=" * 80]
+        lines.append(f"Total uncategorized symbols: {len(sorted_symbols)}")
+        lines.append(
+            f"Total uncategorized size: {sum(s[2] for s in sorted_symbols):,} bytes"
+        )
+        lines.append("")
+        lines.append(f"{'Size':>10} | {'Symbol':<60} | Demangled")
+        lines.append("-" * 10 + "-+-" + "-" * 60 + "-+-" + "-" * 40)
+
+        for symbol, demangled, size in sorted_symbols[:100]:  # Top 100
+            demangled_display = (
+                demangled[:100] if symbol != demangled else "[not demangled]"
+            )
+            lines.append(f"{size:>10,} | {symbol[:60]:<60} | {demangled_display}")
+
+        if len(sorted_symbols) > 100:
+            lines.append(f"\n... and {len(sorted_symbols) - 100} more symbols")
+
+        content = "\n".join(lines)
+
+        if output_file:
+            with open(output_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                f.write(content)
+        else:
+            print(content)
+
+
+def analyze_elf(
+    elf_path: str,
+    objdump_path: str | None = None,
+    readelf_path: str | None = None,
+    detailed: bool = False,
+    external_components: set[str] | None = None,
+) -> str:
+    """Analyze an ELF file and return a memory report."""
+    analyzer = MemoryAnalyzerCLI(
+        elf_path, objdump_path, readelf_path, external_components
+    )
+    analyzer.analyze()
+    return analyzer.generate_report(detailed)
+
+
+def main():
+    """CLI entrypoint for memory analysis."""
+    if len(sys.argv) < 2:
+        print("Usage: python -m esphome.analyze_memory <build_directory>")
+        print("\nAnalyze memory usage from an ESPHome build directory.")
+        print("The build directory should contain firmware.elf and idedata will be")
+        print("loaded from ~/.esphome/.internal/idedata/<device>.json")
+        print("\nExamples:")
+        print("  python -m esphome.analyze_memory ~/.esphome/build/my-device")
+        print("  python -m esphome.analyze_memory .esphome/build/my-device")
+        print("  python -m esphome.analyze_memory my-device  # Short form")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    build_dir = sys.argv[1]
+
+    # Load build directory
+    import json
+    from pathlib import Path
+
+    from esphome.platformio_api import IDEData
+
+    build_path = Path(build_dir)
+
+    # If no path separator in name, assume it's a device name
+    if "/" not in build_dir and not build_path.is_dir():
+        # Try current directory first
+        cwd_path = Path.cwd() / ".esphome" / "build" / build_dir
+        if cwd_path.is_dir():
+            build_path = cwd_path
+            print(f"Using build directory: {build_path}", file=sys.stderr)
+        else:
+            # Fall back to home directory
+            build_path = Path.home() / ".esphome" / "build" / build_dir
+            print(f"Using build directory: {build_path}", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    if not build_path.is_dir():
+        print(f"Error: {build_path} is not a directory", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    # Find firmware.elf
+    elf_file = None
+    for elf_candidate in [
+        build_path / "firmware.elf",
+        build_path / ".pioenvs" / build_path.name / "firmware.elf",
+    ]:
+        if elf_candidate.exists():
+            elf_file = str(elf_candidate)
+            break
+
+    if not elf_file:
+        print(f"Error: firmware.elf not found in {build_dir}", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    # Find idedata.json - check current directory first, then home
+    device_name = build_path.name
+    idedata_candidates = [
+        Path.cwd() / ".esphome" / "idedata" / f"{device_name}.json",
+        Path.home() / ".esphome" / "idedata" / f"{device_name}.json",
+    ]
+
+    idedata = None
+    for idedata_path in idedata_candidates:
+        if not idedata_path.exists():
+            continue
+        try:
+            with open(idedata_path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                raw_data = json.load(f)
+            idedata = IDEData(raw_data)
+            print(f"Loaded idedata from: {idedata_path}", file=sys.stderr)
+            break
+        except (json.JSONDecodeError, OSError) as e:
+            print(f"Warning: Failed to load idedata: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    if not idedata:
+        print(
+            f"Warning: idedata not found (searched {idedata_candidates[0]} and {idedata_candidates[1]})",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+
+    analyzer = MemoryAnalyzerCLI(elf_file, idedata=idedata)
+    analyzer.analyze()
+    report = analyzer.generate_report()
+    print(report)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

esphome/analyze_memory/helpers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+"""Helper functions for memory analysis."""
+
+from functools import cache
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from .const import SECTION_MAPPING
+
+# Import namespace constant from parent module
+# Note: This would create a circular import if done at module level,
+# so we'll define it locally here as well
+_NAMESPACE_ESPHOME = "esphome::"
+
+
+# Get the list of actual ESPHome components by scanning the components directory
+@cache
+def get_esphome_components():
+    """Get set of actual ESPHome components from the components directory."""
+    # Find the components directory relative to this file
+    # Go up two levels from analyze_memory/helpers.py to esphome/
+    current_dir = Path(__file__).parent.parent
+    components_dir = current_dir / "components"
+
+    if not components_dir.exists() or not components_dir.is_dir():
+        return frozenset()
+
+    return frozenset(
+        item.name
+        for item in components_dir.iterdir()
+        if item.is_dir()
+        and not item.name.startswith(".")
+        and not item.name.startswith("__")
+    )
+
+
+@cache
+def get_component_class_patterns(component_name: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Generate component class name patterns for symbol matching.
+
+    Args:
+        component_name: The component name (e.g., "ota", "wifi", "api")
+
+    Returns:
+        List of pattern strings to match against demangled symbols
+    """
+    component_upper = component_name.upper()
+    component_camel = component_name.replace("_", "").title()
+    return [
+        f"{_NAMESPACE_ESPHOME}{component_upper}Component",  # e.g., esphome::OTAComponent
+        f"{_NAMESPACE_ESPHOME}ESPHome{component_upper}Component",  # e.g., esphome::ESPHomeOTAComponent
+        f"{_NAMESPACE_ESPHOME}{component_camel}Component",  # e.g., esphome::OtaComponent
+        f"{_NAMESPACE_ESPHOME}ESPHome{component_camel}Component",  # e.g., esphome::ESPHomeOtaComponent
+    ]
+
+
+def map_section_name(raw_section: str) -> str | None:
+    """Map raw section name to standard section.
+
+    Args:
+        raw_section: Raw section name from ELF file (e.g., ".iram0.text", ".rodata.str1.1")
+
+    Returns:
+        Standard section name (".text", ".rodata", ".data", ".bss") or None
+    """
+    for standard_section, patterns in SECTION_MAPPING.items():
+        if any(pattern in raw_section for pattern in patterns):
+            return standard_section
+    return None
+
+
+def parse_symbol_line(line: str) -> tuple[str, str, int, str] | None:
+    """Parse a single symbol line from objdump output.
+
+    Args:
+        line: Line from objdump -t output
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of (section, name, size, address) or None if not a valid symbol.
+        Format: address l/g w/d F/O section size name
+        Example: 40084870 l     F .iram0.text    00000000 _xt_user_exc
+    """
+    parts = line.split()
+    if len(parts) < 5:
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        # Validate and extract address
+        address = parts[0]
+        int(address, 16)
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+
+    # Look for F (function) or O (object) flag
+    if "F" not in parts and "O" not in parts:
+        return None
+
+    # Find section, size, and name
+    for i, part in enumerate(parts):
+        if not part.startswith("."):
+            continue
+
+        section = map_section_name(part)
+        if not section:
+            break
+
+        # Need at least size field after section
+        if i + 1 >= len(parts):
+            break
+
+        try:
+            size = int(parts[i + 1], 16)
+        except ValueError:
+            break
+
+        # Need symbol name and non-zero size
+        if i + 2 >= len(parts) or size == 0:
+            break
+
+        name = " ".join(parts[i + 2 :])
+        return (section, name, size, address)
+
+    return None

esphome/components/adalight/adalight_light_effect.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "adalight_light_effect";
 static const uint32_t ADALIGHT_ACK_INTERVAL = 1000;
 static const uint32_t ADALIGHT_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT = 1000;
 
-AdalightLightEffect::AdalightLightEffect(const std::string &name) : AddressableLightEffect(name) {}
+AdalightLightEffect::AdalightLightEffect(const char *name) : AddressableLightEffect(name) {}
 
 void AdalightLightEffect::start() {
   AddressableLightEffect::start();

esphome/components/adalight/adalight_light_effect.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace adalight {
 
 class AdalightLightEffect : public light::AddressableLightEffect, public uart::UARTDevice {
  public:
-  AdalightLightEffect(const std::string &name);
+  AdalightLightEffect(const char *name);
 
   void start() override;
   void stop() override;

esphome/components/anova/anova.h

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class Anova : public climate::Climate, public esphome::ble_client::BLEClientNode
   void dump_config() override;
   climate::ClimateTraits traits() override {
     auto traits = climate::ClimateTraits();
-    traits.set_supports_current_temperature(true);
+    traits.add_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE);
     traits.set_supported_modes({climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF, climate::ClimateMode::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT});
     traits.set_visual_min_temperature(25.0);
     traits.set_visual_max_temperature(100.0);

esphome/components/api/__init__.py

@@ -155,6 +155,17 @@ def _validate_api_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     return config
 
 
+def _consume_api_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Register socket needs for API component."""
+    from esphome.components import socket
+
+    # API needs 1 listening socket + typically 3 concurrent client connections
+    # (not max_connections, which is the upper limit rarely reached)
+    sockets_needed = 1 + 3
+    socket.consume_sockets(sockets_needed, "api")(config)
+    return config
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
@@ -222,6 +233,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
     cv.rename_key(CONF_SERVICES, CONF_ACTIONS),
     _validate_api_config,
+    _consume_api_sockets,
 )
 
 
@@ -380,12 +392,19 @@ async def homeassistant_service_to_code(
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, serv, False)
     templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_ACTION], args, None)
     cg.add(var.set_service(templ))
+
+    # Initialize FixedVectors with exact sizes from config
+    cg.add(var.init_data(len(config[CONF_DATA])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_DATA].items():
         templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
         cg.add(var.add_data(key, templ))
+
+    cg.add(var.init_data_template(len(config[CONF_DATA_TEMPLATE])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_DATA_TEMPLATE].items():
         templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
         cg.add(var.add_data_template(key, templ))
+
+    cg.add(var.init_variables(len(config[CONF_VARIABLES])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_VARIABLES].items():
         templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
         cg.add(var.add_variable(key, templ))
@@ -458,15 +477,23 @@ async def homeassistant_event_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, serv, True)
     templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_EVENT], args, None)
     cg.add(var.set_service(templ))
+
+    # Initialize FixedVectors with exact sizes from config
+    cg.add(var.init_data(len(config[CONF_DATA])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_DATA].items():
         templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
         cg.add(var.add_data(key, templ))
+
+    cg.add(var.init_data_template(len(config[CONF_DATA_TEMPLATE])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_DATA_TEMPLATE].items():
         templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
         cg.add(var.add_data_template(key, templ))
+
+    cg.add(var.init_variables(len(config[CONF_VARIABLES])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_VARIABLES].items():
         templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
         cg.add(var.add_variable(key, templ))
+
     return var
 
 
@@ -489,6 +516,8 @@ async def homeassistant_tag_scanned_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, arg
     serv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, serv, True)
     cg.add(var.set_service("esphome.tag_scanned"))
+    # Initialize FixedVector with exact size (1 data field)
+    cg.add(var.init_data(1))
     templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_TAG], args, cg.std_string)
     cg.add(var.add_data("tag_id", templ))
     return var

esphome/components/api/api.proto

@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ message ListEntitiesFanResponse {
   bool disabled_by_default = 9;
   string icon = 10 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ENTITY_ICON"];
   EntityCategory entity_category = 11;
-  repeated string supported_preset_modes = 12 [(container_pointer) = "std::set"];
+  repeated string supported_preset_modes = 12 [(container_pointer) = "std::vector"];
   uint32 device_id = 13 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
 }
 // Deprecated in API version 1.6 - only used in deprecated fields
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ message ListEntitiesLightResponse {
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
-  repeated ColorMode supported_color_modes = 12 [(container_pointer) = "std::set<light::ColorMode>"];
+  repeated ColorMode supported_color_modes = 12 [(container_pointer_no_template) = "light::ColorModeMask"];
   // next four supports_* are for legacy clients, newer clients should use color modes
   // Deprecated in API version 1.6
   bool legacy_supports_brightness = 5 [deprecated=true];
@@ -876,10 +876,10 @@ message ExecuteServiceArgument {
   string string_ = 4;
   // ESPHome 1.14 (api v1.3) make int a signed value
   sint32 int_ = 5;
-  repeated bool bool_array = 6 [packed=false];
+  repeated bool bool_array = 6 [packed=false, (fixed_vector) = true];
-  repeated sint32 int_array = 7 [packed=false];
+  repeated sint32 int_array = 7 [packed=false, (fixed_vector) = true];
-  repeated float float_array = 8 [packed=false];
+  repeated float float_array = 8 [packed=false, (fixed_vector) = true];
-  repeated string string_array = 9;
+  repeated string string_array = 9 [(fixed_vector) = true];
 }
 message ExecuteServiceRequest {
   option (id) = 42;
@@ -888,7 +888,7 @@ message ExecuteServiceRequest {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_API_SERVICES";
 
   fixed32 key = 1;
-  repeated ExecuteServiceArgument args = 2;
+  repeated ExecuteServiceArgument args = 2 [(fixed_vector) = true];
 }
 
 // ==================== CAMERA ====================
@@ -987,8 +987,8 @@ message ListEntitiesClimateResponse {
   string name = 3;
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
-  bool supports_current_temperature = 5;
+  bool supports_current_temperature = 5; // Deprecated: use feature_flags
-  bool supports_two_point_target_temperature = 6;
+  bool supports_two_point_target_temperature = 6; // Deprecated: use feature_flags
   repeated ClimateMode supported_modes = 7 [(container_pointer) = "std::set<climate::ClimateMode>"];
   float visual_min_temperature = 8;
   float visual_max_temperature = 9;
@@ -997,7 +997,7 @@ message ListEntitiesClimateResponse {
   // is if CLIMATE_PRESET_AWAY exists is supported_presets
   // Deprecated in API version 1.5
   bool legacy_supports_away = 11 [deprecated=true];
-  bool supports_action = 12;
+  bool supports_action = 12; // Deprecated: use feature_flags
   repeated ClimateFanMode supported_fan_modes = 13 [(container_pointer) = "std::set<climate::ClimateFanMode>"];
   repeated ClimateSwingMode supported_swing_modes = 14 [(container_pointer) = "std::set<climate::ClimateSwingMode>"];
   repeated string supported_custom_fan_modes = 15 [(container_pointer) = "std::set"];
@@ -1007,11 +1007,12 @@ message ListEntitiesClimateResponse {
   string icon = 19 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ENTITY_ICON"];
   EntityCategory entity_category = 20;
   float visual_current_temperature_step = 21;
-  bool supports_current_humidity = 22;
+  bool supports_current_humidity = 22; // Deprecated: use feature_flags
-  bool supports_target_humidity = 23;
+  bool supports_target_humidity = 23; // Deprecated: use feature_flags
   float visual_min_humidity = 24;
   float visual_max_humidity = 25;
   uint32 device_id = 26 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
+  uint32 feature_flags = 27;
 }
 message ClimateStateResponse {
   option (id) = 47;

esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp

@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 #include "esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h"
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_CLIMATE
+#include "esphome/components/climate/climate_mode.h"
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
 #include "esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.h"
 #endif
@@ -450,7 +453,6 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_light_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *
                                              bool is_single) {
   auto *light = static_cast<light::LightState *>(entity);
   LightStateResponse resp;
-  auto traits = light->get_traits();
   auto values = light->remote_values;
   auto color_mode = values.get_color_mode();
   resp.state = values.is_on();
@@ -474,7 +476,8 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_light_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *c
   auto *light = static_cast<light::LightState *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesLightResponse msg;
   auto traits = light->get_traits();
-  msg.supported_color_modes = &traits.get_supported_color_modes_for_api_();
+  // Pass pointer to ColorModeMask so the iterator can encode actual ColorMode enum values
+  msg.supported_color_modes = &traits.get_supported_color_modes();
   if (traits.supports_color_capability(light::ColorCapability::COLOR_TEMPERATURE) ||
       traits.supports_color_capability(light::ColorCapability::COLD_WARM_WHITE)) {
     msg.min_mireds = traits.get_min_mireds();
@@ -623,9 +626,10 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_climate_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
   auto traits = climate->get_traits();
   resp.mode = static_cast<enums::ClimateMode>(climate->mode);
   resp.action = static_cast<enums::ClimateAction>(climate->action);
-  if (traits.get_supports_current_temperature())
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE))
     resp.current_temperature = climate->current_temperature;
-  if (traits.get_supports_two_point_target_temperature()) {
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE |
+                               climate::CLIMATE_REQUIRES_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE)) {
     resp.target_temperature_low = climate->target_temperature_low;
     resp.target_temperature_high = climate->target_temperature_high;
   } else {
@@ -644,9 +648,9 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_climate_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_swing_modes())
     resp.swing_mode = static_cast<enums::ClimateSwingMode>(climate->swing_mode);
-  if (traits.get_supports_current_humidity())
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_HUMIDITY))
     resp.current_humidity = climate->current_humidity;
-  if (traits.get_supports_target_humidity())
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TARGET_HUMIDITY))
     resp.target_humidity = climate->target_humidity;
   return fill_and_encode_entity_state(climate, resp, ClimateStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size,
                                       is_single);
@@ -656,10 +660,15 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_climate_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
   auto *climate = static_cast<climate::Climate *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesClimateResponse msg;
   auto traits = climate->get_traits();
-  msg.supports_current_temperature = traits.get_supports_current_temperature();
+  // Flags set for backward compatibility, deprecated in 2025.11.0
-  msg.supports_current_humidity = traits.get_supports_current_humidity();
+  msg.supports_current_temperature = traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE);
-  msg.supports_two_point_target_temperature = traits.get_supports_two_point_target_temperature();
+  msg.supports_current_humidity = traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_HUMIDITY);
-  msg.supports_target_humidity = traits.get_supports_target_humidity();
+  msg.supports_two_point_target_temperature = traits.has_feature_flags(
+      climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE | climate::CLIMATE_REQUIRES_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE);
+  msg.supports_target_humidity = traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TARGET_HUMIDITY);
+  msg.supports_action = traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_ACTION);
+  // Current feature flags and other supported parameters
+  msg.feature_flags = traits.get_feature_flags();
   msg.supported_modes = &traits.get_supported_modes_for_api_();
   msg.visual_min_temperature = traits.get_visual_min_temperature();
   msg.visual_max_temperature = traits.get_visual_max_temperature();
@@ -667,7 +676,6 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_climate_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
   msg.visual_current_temperature_step = traits.get_visual_current_temperature_step();
   msg.visual_min_humidity = traits.get_visual_min_humidity();
   msg.visual_max_humidity = traits.get_visual_max_humidity();
-  msg.supports_action = traits.get_supports_action();
   msg.supported_fan_modes = &traits.get_supported_fan_modes_for_api_();
   msg.supported_custom_fan_modes = &traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes_for_api_();
   msg.supported_presets = &traits.get_supported_presets_for_api_();
@@ -1074,13 +1082,8 @@ void APIConnection::on_get_time_response(const GetTimeResponse &value) {
     homeassistant::global_homeassistant_time->set_epoch_time(value.epoch_seconds);
 #ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
     if (value.timezone_len > 0) {
-      const std::string &current_tz = homeassistant::global_homeassistant_time->get_timezone();
+      homeassistant::global_homeassistant_time->set_timezone(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(value.timezone),
-      // Compare without allocating a string
+                                                             value.timezone_len);
-      if (current_tz.length() != value.timezone_len ||
-          memcmp(current_tz.c_str(), value.timezone, value.timezone_len) != 0) {
-        homeassistant::global_homeassistant_time->set_timezone(
-            std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(value.timezone), value.timezone_len));
-      }
     }
 #endif
   }
@@ -1406,7 +1409,7 @@ bool APIConnection::send_hello_response(const HelloRequest &msg) {
 
   HelloResponse resp;
   resp.api_version_major = 1;
-  resp.api_version_minor = 12;
+  resp.api_version_minor = 13;
   // Send only the version string - the client only logs this for debugging and doesn't use it otherwise
   resp.set_server_info(ESPHOME_VERSION_REF);
   resp.set_name(StringRef(App.get_name()));
@@ -1569,7 +1572,13 @@ bool APIConnection::send_noise_encryption_set_key_response(const NoiseEncryption
   resp.success = false;
 
   psk_t psk{};
-  if (base64_decode(msg.key, psk.data(), msg.key.size()) != psk.size()) {
+  if (msg.key.empty()) {
+    if (this->parent_->clear_noise_psk(true)) {
+      resp.success = true;
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to clear encryption key");
+    }
+  } else if (base64_decode(msg.key, psk.data(), msg.key.size()) != psk.size()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid encryption key length");
   } else if (!this->parent_->save_noise_psk(psk, true)) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to save encryption key");

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp

@@ -242,7 +242,6 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_() {
     const std::string &name = App.get_name();
     const std::string &mac = get_mac_address();
 
-    std::vector<uint8_t> msg;
     // Calculate positions and sizes
     size_t name_len = name.size() + 1;  // including null terminator
     size_t mac_len = mac.size() + 1;    // including null terminator
@@ -250,17 +249,17 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_() {
     size_t mac_offset = name_offset + name_len;
     size_t total_size = 1 + name_len + mac_len;
 
-    msg.resize(total_size);
+    auto msg = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(total_size);
 
     // chosen proto
     msg[0] = 0x01;
 
     // node name, terminated by null byte
-    std::memcpy(msg.data() + name_offset, name.c_str(), name_len);
+    std::memcpy(msg.get() + name_offset, name.c_str(), name_len);
     // node mac, terminated by null byte
-    std::memcpy(msg.data() + mac_offset, mac.c_str(), mac_len);
+    std::memcpy(msg.get() + mac_offset, mac.c_str(), mac_len);
 
-    aerr = write_frame_(msg.data(), msg.size());
+    aerr = write_frame_(msg.get(), total_size);
     if (aerr != APIError::OK)
       return aerr;
 
@@ -339,32 +338,32 @@ void APINoiseFrameHelper::send_explicit_handshake_reject_(const LogString *reaso
 #ifdef USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
   // On ESP8266 with flash strings, we need to use PROGMEM-aware functions
   size_t reason_len = strlen_P(reinterpret_cast<PGM_P>(reason));
-  std::vector<uint8_t> data;
+  size_t data_size = reason_len + 1;
-  data.resize(reason_len + 1);
+  auto data = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(data_size);
   data[0] = 0x01;  // failure
 
   // Copy error message from PROGMEM
   if (reason_len > 0) {
-    memcpy_P(data.data() + 1, reinterpret_cast<PGM_P>(reason), reason_len);
+    memcpy_P(data.get() + 1, reinterpret_cast<PGM_P>(reason), reason_len);
   }
 #else
   // Normal memory access
   const char *reason_str = LOG_STR_ARG(reason);
   size_t reason_len = strlen(reason_str);
-  std::vector<uint8_t> data;
+  size_t data_size = reason_len + 1;
-  data.resize(reason_len + 1);
+  auto data = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(data_size);
   data[0] = 0x01;  // failure
 
   // Copy error message in bulk
   if (reason_len > 0) {
-    std::memcpy(data.data() + 1, reason_str, reason_len);
+    std::memcpy(data.get() + 1, reason_str, reason_len);
   }
 #endif
 
   // temporarily remove failed state
   auto orig_state = state_;
   state_ = State::EXPLICIT_REJECT;
-  write_frame_(data.data(), data.size());
+  write_frame_(data.get(), data_size);
   state_ = orig_state;
 }
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {

esphome/components/api/api_options.proto

@@ -70,4 +70,14 @@ extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {
     // init(size) before adding elements. This eliminates std::vector template overhead
     // and is ideal when the exact size is known before populating the array.
     optional bool fixed_vector = 50013 [default=false];
+
+    // container_pointer_no_template: Use a non-template container type for repeated fields
+    // Similar to container_pointer, but for containers that don't take template parameters.
+    // The container type is used as-is without appending element type.
+    // The container must have:
+    // - begin() and end() methods returning iterators
+    // - empty() method
+    // Example: [(container_pointer_no_template) = "light::ColorModeMask"]
+    //   generates: const light::ColorModeMask *supported_color_modes{};
+    optional string container_pointer_no_template = 50014;
 }

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp

@@ -1064,6 +1064,17 @@ bool ExecuteServiceArgument::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
   }
   return true;
 }
+void ExecuteServiceArgument::decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) {
+  uint32_t count_bool_array = ProtoDecodableMessage::count_repeated_field(buffer, length, 6);
+  this->bool_array.init(count_bool_array);
+  uint32_t count_int_array = ProtoDecodableMessage::count_repeated_field(buffer, length, 7);
+  this->int_array.init(count_int_array);
+  uint32_t count_float_array = ProtoDecodableMessage::count_repeated_field(buffer, length, 8);
+  this->float_array.init(count_float_array);
+  uint32_t count_string_array = ProtoDecodableMessage::count_repeated_field(buffer, length, 9);
+  this->string_array.init(count_string_array);
+  ProtoDecodableMessage::decode(buffer, length);
+}
 bool ExecuteServiceRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 2:
@@ -1085,6 +1096,11 @@ bool ExecuteServiceRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
   }
   return true;
 }
+void ExecuteServiceRequest::decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) {
+  uint32_t count_args = ProtoDecodableMessage::count_repeated_field(buffer, length, 2);
+  this->args.init(count_args);
+  ProtoDecodableMessage::decode(buffer, length);
+}
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
 void ListEntitiesCameraResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
@@ -1185,6 +1201,7 @@ void ListEntitiesClimateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   buffer.encode_uint32(26, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  buffer.encode_uint32(27, this->feature_flags);
 }
 void ListEntitiesClimateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_length(1, this->object_id_ref_.size());
@@ -1239,6 +1256,7 @@ void ListEntitiesClimateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   size.add_uint32(2, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  size.add_uint32(2, this->feature_flags);
 }
 void ClimateStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h

@@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ class ListEntitiesFanResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   bool supports_speed{false};
   bool supports_direction{false};
   int32_t supported_speed_count{0};
-  const std::set<std::string> *supported_preset_modes{};
+  const std::vector<std::string> *supported_preset_modes{};
   void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ class ListEntitiesLightResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_light_response"; }
 #endif
-  const std::set<light::ColorMode> *supported_color_modes{};
+  const light::ColorModeMask *supported_color_modes{};
   float min_mireds{0.0f};
   float max_mireds{0.0f};
   std::vector<std::string> effects{};
@@ -1279,10 +1279,11 @@ class ExecuteServiceArgument final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
   float float_{0.0f};
   std::string string_{};
   int32_t int_{0};
-  std::vector<bool> bool_array{};
+  FixedVector<bool> bool_array{};
-  std::vector<int32_t> int_array{};
+  FixedVector<int32_t> int_array{};
-  std::vector<float> float_array{};
+  FixedVector<float> float_array{};
-  std::vector<std::string> string_array{};
+  FixedVector<std::string> string_array{};
+  void decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   void dump_to(std::string &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1300,7 +1301,8 @@ class ExecuteServiceRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "execute_service_request"; }
 #endif
   uint32_t key{0};
-  std::vector<ExecuteServiceArgument> args{};
+  FixedVector<ExecuteServiceArgument> args{};
+  void decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   void dump_to(std::string &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1369,7 +1371,7 @@ class CameraImageRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 class ListEntitiesClimateResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
   static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 46;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 145;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 150;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_climate_response"; }
 #endif
@@ -1390,6 +1392,7 @@ class ListEntitiesClimateResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   bool supports_target_humidity{false};
   float visual_min_humidity{0.0f};
   float visual_max_humidity{0.0f};
+  uint32_t feature_flags{0};
   void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp

@@ -1292,6 +1292,7 @@ void ListEntitiesClimateResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   dump_field(out, "device_id", this->device_id);
 #endif
+  dump_field(out, "feature_flags", this->feature_flags);
 }
 void ClimateStateResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "ClimateStateResponse");

esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp

@@ -468,6 +468,31 @@ uint16_t APIServer::get_port() const { return this->port_; }
 void APIServer::set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout) { this->reboot_timeout_ = reboot_timeout; }
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
+bool APIServer::update_noise_psk_(const SavedNoisePsk &new_psk, const LogString *save_log_msg,
+                                  const LogString *fail_log_msg, const psk_t &active_psk, bool make_active) {
+  if (!this->noise_pref_.save(&new_psk)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s", LOG_STR_ARG(fail_log_msg));
+    return false;
+  }
+  // ensure it's written immediately
+  if (!global_preferences->sync()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to sync preferences");
+    return false;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s", LOG_STR_ARG(save_log_msg));
+  if (make_active) {
+    this->set_timeout(100, [this, active_psk]() {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Disconnecting all clients to reset PSK");
+      this->set_noise_psk(active_psk);
+      for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
+        DisconnectRequest req;
+        c->send_message(req, DisconnectRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
 bool APIServer::save_noise_psk(psk_t psk, bool make_active) {
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE_PSK_FROM_YAML
   // When PSK is set from YAML, this function should never be called
@@ -482,27 +507,21 @@ bool APIServer::save_noise_psk(psk_t psk, bool make_active) {
   }
 
   SavedNoisePsk new_saved_psk{psk};
-  if (!this->noise_pref_.save(&new_saved_psk)) {
+  return this->update_noise_psk_(new_saved_psk, LOG_STR("Noise PSK saved"), LOG_STR("Failed to save Noise PSK"), psk,
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to save Noise PSK");
+                                 make_active);
-    return false;
+#endif
-  }
+}
-  // ensure it's written immediately
+bool APIServer::clear_noise_psk(bool make_active) {
-  if (!global_preferences->sync()) {
+#ifdef USE_API_NOISE_PSK_FROM_YAML
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to sync preferences");
+  // When PSK is set from YAML, this function should never be called
-    return false;
+  // but if it is, reject the change
-  }
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Key set in YAML");
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Noise PSK saved");
+  return false;
-  if (make_active) {
+#else
-    this->set_timeout(100, [this, psk]() {
+  SavedNoisePsk empty_psk{};
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Disconnecting all clients to reset PSK");
+  psk_t empty{};
-      this->set_noise_psk(psk);
+  return this->update_noise_psk_(empty_psk, LOG_STR("Noise PSK cleared"), LOG_STR("Failed to clear Noise PSK"), empty,
-      for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
+                                 make_active);
-        DisconnectRequest req;
-        c->send_message(req, DisconnectRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE);
-      }
-    });
-  }
-  return true;
 #endif
 }
 #endif

esphome/components/api/api_server.h

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   bool save_noise_psk(psk_t psk, bool make_active = true);
+  bool clear_noise_psk(bool make_active = true);
   void set_noise_psk(psk_t psk) { noise_ctx_->set_psk(psk); }
   std::shared_ptr<APINoiseContext> get_noise_ctx() { return noise_ctx_; }
 #endif  // USE_API_NOISE
@@ -174,6 +175,10 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
 
  protected:
   void schedule_reboot_timeout_();
+#ifdef USE_API_NOISE
+  bool update_noise_psk_(const SavedNoisePsk &new_psk, const LogString *save_log_msg, const LogString *fail_log_msg,
+                         const psk_t &active_psk, bool make_active);
+#endif  // USE_API_NOISE
   // Pointers and pointer-like types first (4 bytes each)
   std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket_ = nullptr;
 #ifdef USE_API_CLIENT_CONNECTED_TRIGGER

esphome/components/api/homeassistant_service.h

@@ -41,10 +41,14 @@ template<typename... X> class TemplatableStringValue : public TemplatableValue<s
 
 template<typename... Ts> class TemplatableKeyValuePair {
  public:
+  // Default constructor needed for FixedVector::emplace_back()
+  TemplatableKeyValuePair() = default;
+
   // Keys are always string literals from YAML dictionary keys (e.g., "code", "event")
   // and never templatable values or lambdas. Only the value parameter can be a lambda/template.
   // Using pass-by-value with std::move allows optimal performance for both lvalues and rvalues.
   template<typename T> TemplatableKeyValuePair(std::string key, T value) : key(std::move(key)), value(value) {}
+
   std::string key;
   TemplatableStringValue<Ts...> value;
 };
@@ -93,15 +97,22 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HomeAssistantServiceCallAction : public Action<Ts
 
   template<typename T> void set_service(T service) { this->service_ = service; }
 
+  // Initialize FixedVector members - called from Python codegen with compile-time known sizes.
+  // Must be called before any add_* methods; capacity must match the number of subsequent add_* calls.
+  void init_data(size_t count) { this->data_.init(count); }
+  void init_data_template(size_t count) { this->data_template_.init(count); }
+  void init_variables(size_t count) { this->variables_.init(count); }
+
   // Keys are always string literals from the Python code generation (e.g., cg.add(var.add_data("tag_id", templ))).
   // The value parameter can be a lambda/template, but keys are never templatable.
-  // Using pass-by-value allows the compiler to optimize for both lvalues and rvalues.
+  template<typename K, typename V> void add_data(K &&key, V &&value) {
-  template<typename T> void add_data(std::string key, T value) { this->data_.emplace_back(std::move(key), value); }
+    this->add_kv_(this->data_, std::forward<K>(key), std::forward<V>(value));
-  template<typename T> void add_data_template(std::string key, T value) {
-    this->data_template_.emplace_back(std::move(key), value);
   }
-  template<typename T> void add_variable(std::string key, T value) {
+  template<typename K, typename V> void add_data_template(K &&key, V &&value) {
-    this->variables_.emplace_back(std::move(key), value);
+    this->add_kv_(this->data_template_, std::forward<K>(key), std::forward<V>(value));
+  }
+  template<typename K, typename V> void add_variable(K &&key, V &&value) {
+    this->add_kv_(this->variables_, std::forward<K>(key), std::forward<V>(value));
   }
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
@@ -174,6 +185,13 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HomeAssistantServiceCallAction : public Action<Ts
   }
 
  protected:
+  // Helper to add key-value pairs to FixedVectors with perfect forwarding to avoid copies
+  template<typename K, typename V> void add_kv_(FixedVector<TemplatableKeyValuePair<Ts...>> &vec, K &&key, V &&value) {
+    auto &kv = vec.emplace_back();
+    kv.key = std::forward<K>(key);
+    kv.value = std::forward<V>(value);
+  }
+
   template<typename VectorType, typename SourceType>
   static void populate_service_map(VectorType &dest, SourceType &source, Ts... x) {
     dest.init(source.size());
@@ -186,9 +204,9 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HomeAssistantServiceCallAction : public Action<Ts
 
   APIServer *parent_;
   TemplatableStringValue<Ts...> service_{};
-  std::vector<TemplatableKeyValuePair<Ts...>> data_;
+  FixedVector<TemplatableKeyValuePair<Ts...>> data_;
-  std::vector<TemplatableKeyValuePair<Ts...>> data_template_;
+  FixedVector<TemplatableKeyValuePair<Ts...>> data_template_;
-  std::vector<TemplatableKeyValuePair<Ts...>> variables_;
+  FixedVector<TemplatableKeyValuePair<Ts...>> variables_;
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
   TemplatableStringValue<Ts...> response_template_{""};

esphome/components/api/proto.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,69 @@ namespace esphome::api {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "api.proto";
 
+uint32_t ProtoDecodableMessage::count_repeated_field(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length, uint32_t target_field_id) {
+  uint32_t count = 0;
+  const uint8_t *ptr = buffer;
+  const uint8_t *end = buffer + length;
+
+  while (ptr < end) {
+    uint32_t consumed;
+
+    // Parse field header (tag)
+    auto res = ProtoVarInt::parse(ptr, end - ptr, &consumed);
+    if (!res.has_value()) {
+      break;  // Invalid data, stop counting
+    }
+
+    uint32_t tag = res->as_uint32();
+    uint32_t field_type = tag & WIRE_TYPE_MASK;
+    uint32_t field_id = tag >> 3;
+    ptr += consumed;
+
+    // Count if this is the target field
+    if (field_id == target_field_id) {
+      count++;
+    }
+
+    // Skip field data based on wire type
+    switch (field_type) {
+      case WIRE_TYPE_VARINT: {  // VarInt - parse and skip
+        res = ProtoVarInt::parse(ptr, end - ptr, &consumed);
+        if (!res.has_value()) {
+          return count;  // Invalid data, return what we have
+        }
+        ptr += consumed;
+        break;
+      }
+      case WIRE_TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED: {  // Length-delimited - parse length and skip data
+        res = ProtoVarInt::parse(ptr, end - ptr, &consumed);
+        if (!res.has_value()) {
+          return count;
+        }
+        uint32_t field_length = res->as_uint32();
+        ptr += consumed;
+        if (ptr + field_length > end) {
+          return count;  // Out of bounds
+        }
+        ptr += field_length;
+        break;
+      }
+      case WIRE_TYPE_FIXED32: {  // 32-bit - skip 4 bytes
+        if (ptr + 4 > end) {
+          return count;
+        }
+        ptr += 4;
+        break;
+      }
+      default:
+        // Unknown wire type, can't continue
+        return count;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return count;
+}
+
 void ProtoDecodableMessage::decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) {
   const uint8_t *ptr = buffer;
   const uint8_t *end = buffer + length;
@@ -22,12 +85,12 @@ void ProtoDecodableMessage::decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) {
     }
 
     uint32_t tag = res->as_uint32();
-    uint32_t field_type = tag & 0b111;
+    uint32_t field_type = tag & WIRE_TYPE_MASK;
     uint32_t field_id = tag >> 3;
     ptr += consumed;
 
     switch (field_type) {
-      case 0: {  // VarInt
+      case WIRE_TYPE_VARINT: {  // VarInt
         res = ProtoVarInt::parse(ptr, end - ptr, &consumed);
         if (!res.has_value()) {
           ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Invalid VarInt at offset %ld", (long) (ptr - buffer));
@@ -39,7 +102,7 @@ void ProtoDecodableMessage::decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) {
         ptr += consumed;
         break;
       }
-      case 2: {  // Length-delimited
+      case WIRE_TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED: {  // Length-delimited
         res = ProtoVarInt::parse(ptr, end - ptr, &consumed);
         if (!res.has_value()) {
           ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Invalid Length Delimited at offset %ld", (long) (ptr - buffer));
@@ -57,7 +120,7 @@ void ProtoDecodableMessage::decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) {
         ptr += field_length;
         break;
       }
-      case 5: {  // 32-bit
+      case WIRE_TYPE_FIXED32: {  // 32-bit
         if (ptr + 4 > end) {
           ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Out-of-bounds Fixed32-bit at offset %ld", (long) (ptr - buffer));
           return;

esphome/components/api/proto.h

@@ -15,6 +15,13 @@
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
+// Protocol Buffer wire type constants
+// See https://protobuf.dev/programming-guides/encoding/#structure
+constexpr uint8_t WIRE_TYPE_VARINT = 0;            // int32, int64, uint32, uint64, sint32, sint64, bool, enum
+constexpr uint8_t WIRE_TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED = 2;  // string, bytes, embedded messages, packed repeated fields
+constexpr uint8_t WIRE_TYPE_FIXED32 = 5;           // fixed32, sfixed32, float
+constexpr uint8_t WIRE_TYPE_MASK = 0b111;          // Mask to extract wire type from tag
+
 // Helper functions for ZigZag encoding/decoding
 inline constexpr uint32_t encode_zigzag32(int32_t value) {
   return (static_cast<uint32_t>(value) << 1) ^ (static_cast<uint32_t>(value >> 31));
@@ -241,7 +248,7 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
    * Following https://protobuf.dev/programming-guides/encoding/#structure
    */
   void encode_field_raw(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t type) {
-    uint32_t val = (field_id << 3) | (type & 0b111);
+    uint32_t val = (field_id << 3) | (type & WIRE_TYPE_MASK);
     this->encode_varint_raw(val);
   }
   void encode_string(uint32_t field_id, const char *string, size_t len, bool force = false) {
@@ -354,7 +361,18 @@ class ProtoMessage {
 // Base class for messages that support decoding
 class ProtoDecodableMessage : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  void decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length);
+  virtual void decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length);
+
+  /**
+   * Count occurrences of a repeated field in a protobuf buffer.
+   * This is a lightweight scan that only parses tags and skips field data.
+   *
+   * @param buffer Pointer to the protobuf buffer
+   * @param length Length of the buffer in bytes
+   * @param target_field_id The field ID to count
+   * @return Number of times the field appears in the buffer
+   */
+  static uint32_t count_repeated_field(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length, uint32_t target_field_id);
 
  protected:
   virtual bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) { return false; }
@@ -482,7 +500,7 @@ class ProtoSize {
    * @return The number of bytes needed to encode the field ID and wire type
    */
   static constexpr uint32_t field(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t type) {
-    uint32_t tag = (field_id << 3) | (type & 0b111);
+    uint32_t tag = (field_id << 3) | (type & WIRE_TYPE_MASK);
     return varint(tag);
   }
 

esphome/components/api/user_services.cpp

@@ -12,16 +12,16 @@ template<> int32_t get_execute_arg_value<int32_t>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &
 template<> float get_execute_arg_value<float>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) { return arg.float_; }
 template<> std::string get_execute_arg_value<std::string>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) { return arg.string_; }
 template<> std::vector<bool> get_execute_arg_value<std::vector<bool>>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) {
-  return arg.bool_array;
+  return std::vector<bool>(arg.bool_array.begin(), arg.bool_array.end());
 }
 template<> std::vector<int32_t> get_execute_arg_value<std::vector<int32_t>>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) {
-  return arg.int_array;
+  return std::vector<int32_t>(arg.int_array.begin(), arg.int_array.end());
 }
 template<> std::vector<float> get_execute_arg_value<std::vector<float>>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) {
-  return arg.float_array;
+  return std::vector<float>(arg.float_array.begin(), arg.float_array.end());
 }
 template<> std::vector<std::string> get_execute_arg_value<std::vector<std::string>>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) {
-  return arg.string_array;
+  return std::vector<std::string>(arg.string_array.begin(), arg.string_array.end());
 }
 
 template<> enums::ServiceArgType to_service_arg_type<bool>() { return enums::SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_BOOL; }

esphome/components/api/user_services.h

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceBase : public UserServiceDescriptor {
 
  protected:
   virtual void execute(Ts... x) = 0;
-  template<int... S> void execute_(const std::vector<ExecuteServiceArgument> &args, seq<S...> type) {
+  template<typename ArgsContainer, int... S> void execute_(const ArgsContainer &args, seq<S...> type) {
     this->execute((get_execute_arg_value<Ts>(args[S]))...);
   }
 

esphome/components/bang_bang/bang_bang_climate.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ namespace bang_bang {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "bang_bang.climate";
 
+BangBangClimate::BangBangClimate()
+    : idle_trigger_(new Trigger<>()), cool_trigger_(new Trigger<>()), heat_trigger_(new Trigger<>()) {}
+
 void BangBangClimate::setup() {
   this->sensor_->add_on_state_callback([this](float state) {
     this->current_temperature = state;
@@ -31,53 +34,63 @@ void BangBangClimate::setup() {
     restore->to_call(this).perform();
   } else {
     // restore from defaults, change_away handles those for us
-    if (supports_cool_ && supports_heat_) {
+    if (this->supports_cool_ && this->supports_heat_) {
       this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL;
-    } else if (supports_cool_) {
+    } else if (this->supports_cool_) {
       this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL;
-    } else if (supports_heat_) {
+    } else if (this->supports_heat_) {
       this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT;
     }
     this->change_away_(false);
   }
 }
+
 void BangBangClimate::control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) {
-  if (call.get_mode().has_value())
+  if (call.get_mode().has_value()) {
     this->mode = *call.get_mode();
-  if (call.get_target_temperature_low().has_value())
+  }
+  if (call.get_target_temperature_low().has_value()) {
     this->target_temperature_low = *call.get_target_temperature_low();
-  if (call.get_target_temperature_high().has_value())
+  }
+  if (call.get_target_temperature_high().has_value()) {
     this->target_temperature_high = *call.get_target_temperature_high();
-  if (call.get_preset().has_value())
+  }
+  if (call.get_preset().has_value()) {
     this->change_away_(*call.get_preset() == climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_AWAY);
+  }
 
   this->compute_state_();
   this->publish_state();
 }
+
 climate::ClimateTraits BangBangClimate::traits() {
   auto traits = climate::ClimateTraits();
-  traits.set_supports_current_temperature(true);
+  traits.add_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE |
-  if (this->humidity_sensor_ != nullptr)
+                           climate::CLIMATE_REQUIRES_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE | climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_ACTION);
-    traits.set_supports_current_humidity(true);
+  if (this->humidity_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    traits.add_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_HUMIDITY);
+  }
   traits.set_supported_modes({
       climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF,
   });
-  if (supports_cool_)
+  if (this->supports_cool_) {
     traits.add_supported_mode(climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL);
-  if (supports_heat_)
+  }
+  if (this->supports_heat_) {
     traits.add_supported_mode(climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT);
-  if (supports_cool_ && supports_heat_)
+  }
+  if (this->supports_cool_ && this->supports_heat_) {
     traits.add_supported_mode(climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL);
-  traits.set_supports_two_point_target_temperature(true);
+  }
-  if (supports_away_) {
+  if (this->supports_away_) {
     traits.set_supported_presets({
         climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_HOME,
         climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_AWAY,
     });
   }
-  traits.set_supports_action(true);
   return traits;
 }
+
 void BangBangClimate::compute_state_() {
   if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF) {
     this->switch_to_action_(climate::CLIMATE_ACTION_OFF);
@@ -122,6 +135,7 @@ void BangBangClimate::compute_state_() {
 
   this->switch_to_action_(target_action);
 }
+
 void BangBangClimate::switch_to_action_(climate::ClimateAction action) {
   if (action == this->action) {
     // already in target mode
@@ -166,6 +180,7 @@ void BangBangClimate::switch_to_action_(climate::ClimateAction action) {
   this->prev_trigger_ = trig;
   this->publish_state();
 }
+
 void BangBangClimate::change_away_(bool away) {
   if (!away) {
     this->target_temperature_low = this->normal_config_.default_temperature_low;
@@ -176,22 +191,26 @@ void BangBangClimate::change_away_(bool away) {
   }
   this->preset = away ? climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_AWAY : climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_HOME;
 }
+
 void BangBangClimate::set_normal_config(const BangBangClimateTargetTempConfig &normal_config) {
   this->normal_config_ = normal_config;
 }
+
 void BangBangClimate::set_away_config(const BangBangClimateTargetTempConfig &away_config) {
   this->supports_away_ = true;
   this->away_config_ = away_config;
 }
-BangBangClimate::BangBangClimate()
+
-    : idle_trigger_(new Trigger<>()), cool_trigger_(new Trigger<>()), heat_trigger_(new Trigger<>()) {}
 void BangBangClimate::set_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor) { this->sensor_ = sensor; }
 void BangBangClimate::set_humidity_sensor(sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor) { this->humidity_sensor_ = humidity_sensor; }
+
 Trigger<> *BangBangClimate::get_idle_trigger() const { return this->idle_trigger_; }
 Trigger<> *BangBangClimate::get_cool_trigger() const { return this->cool_trigger_; }
-void BangBangClimate::set_supports_cool(bool supports_cool) { this->supports_cool_ = supports_cool; }
 Trigger<> *BangBangClimate::get_heat_trigger() const { return this->heat_trigger_; }
+
+void BangBangClimate::set_supports_cool(bool supports_cool) { this->supports_cool_ = supports_cool; }
 void BangBangClimate::set_supports_heat(bool supports_heat) { this->supports_heat_ = supports_heat; }
+
 void BangBangClimate::dump_config() {
   LOG_CLIMATE("", "Bang Bang Climate", this);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,

esphome/components/bang_bang/bang_bang_climate.h

@@ -25,14 +25,15 @@ class BangBangClimate : public climate::Climate, public Component {
 
   void set_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor);
   void set_humidity_sensor(sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor);
-  Trigger<> *get_idle_trigger() const;
-  Trigger<> *get_cool_trigger() const;
   void set_supports_cool(bool supports_cool);
-  Trigger<> *get_heat_trigger() const;
   void set_supports_heat(bool supports_heat);
   void set_normal_config(const BangBangClimateTargetTempConfig &normal_config);
   void set_away_config(const BangBangClimateTargetTempConfig &away_config);
 
+  Trigger<> *get_idle_trigger() const;
+  Trigger<> *get_cool_trigger() const;
+  Trigger<> *get_heat_trigger() const;
+
  protected:
   /// Override control to change settings of the climate device.
   void control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) override;
@@ -56,16 +57,10 @@ class BangBangClimate : public climate::Climate, public Component {
    *
    * In idle mode, the controller is assumed to have both heating and cooling disabled.
    */
-  Trigger<> *idle_trigger_;
+  Trigger<> *idle_trigger_{nullptr};
   /** The trigger to call when the controller should switch to cooling mode.
    */
-  Trigger<> *cool_trigger_;
+  Trigger<> *cool_trigger_{nullptr};
-  /** Whether the controller supports cooling.
-   *
-   * A false value for this attribute means that the controller has no cooling action
-   * (for example a thermostat, where only heating and not-heating is possible).
-   */
-  bool supports_cool_{false};
   /** The trigger to call when the controller should switch to heating mode.
    *
    * A null value for this attribute means that the controller has no heating action
@@ -73,15 +68,23 @@ class BangBangClimate : public climate::Climate, public Component {
    * (blinds open) is possible.
    */
   Trigger<> *heat_trigger_{nullptr};
-  bool supports_heat_{false};
   /** A reference to the trigger that was previously active.
    *
    * This is so that the previous trigger can be stopped before enabling a new one.
    */
   Trigger<> *prev_trigger_{nullptr};
 
-  BangBangClimateTargetTempConfig normal_config_{};
+  /** Whether the controller supports cooling/heating
+   *
+   * A false value for this attribute means that the controller has no respective action
+   * (for example a thermostat, where only heating and not-heating is possible).
+   */
+  bool supports_cool_{false};
+  bool supports_heat_{false};
+
   bool supports_away_{false};
+
+  BangBangClimateTargetTempConfig normal_config_{};
   BangBangClimateTargetTempConfig away_config_{};
 };
 

esphome/components/bedjet/climate/bedjet_climate.h

@@ -33,8 +33,7 @@ class BedJetClimate : public climate::Climate, public BedJetClient, public Polli
 
   climate::ClimateTraits traits() override {
     auto traits = climate::ClimateTraits();
-    traits.set_supports_action(true);
+    traits.add_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_ACTION | climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE);
-    traits.set_supports_current_temperature(true);
     traits.set_supported_modes({
         climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF,
         climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT,

esphome/components/bh1900nux/bh1900nux.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "bh1900nux.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace bh1900nux {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "bh1900nux.sensor";
+
+// I2C Registers
+static const uint8_t TEMPERATURE_REG = 0x00;
+static const uint8_t CONFIG_REG = 0x01;            // Not used and supported yet
+static const uint8_t TEMPERATURE_LOW_REG = 0x02;   // Not used and supported yet
+static const uint8_t TEMPERATURE_HIGH_REG = 0x03;  // Not used and supported yet
+static const uint8_t SOFT_RESET_REG = 0x04;
+
+// I2C Command payloads
+static const uint8_t SOFT_RESET_PAYLOAD = 0x01;  // Soft Reset value
+
+static const float SENSOR_RESOLUTION = 0.0625f;  // Sensor resolution per bit in degrees celsius
+
+void BH1900NUXSensor::setup() {
+  // Initialize I2C device
+  i2c::ErrorCode result_code =
+      this->write_register(SOFT_RESET_REG, &SOFT_RESET_PAYLOAD, 1);  // Software Reset to check communication
+  if (result_code != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    this->mark_failed(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+void BH1900NUXSensor::update() {
+  uint8_t temperature_raw[2];
+  if (this->read_register(TEMPERATURE_REG, temperature_raw, 2) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Combined raw value, unsigned and unaligned 16 bit
+  // Temperature is represented in just 12 bits, shift needed
+  int16_t raw_temperature_register_value = encode_uint16(temperature_raw[0], temperature_raw[1]);
+  raw_temperature_register_value >>= 4;
+  float temperature_value = raw_temperature_register_value * SENSOR_RESOLUTION;  // Apply sensor resolution
+
+  this->publish_state(temperature_value);
+}
+
+void BH1900NUXSensor::dump_config() {
+  LOG_SENSOR("", "BH1900NUX", this);
+  LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
+  LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
+}
+
+}  // namespace bh1900nux
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/bh1900nux/bh1900nux.h

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace bh1900nux {
+
+class BH1900NUXSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void update() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace bh1900nux
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/bh1900nux/sensor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+    STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    UNIT_CELSIUS,
+)
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@B48D81EFCC"]
+
+sensor_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("bh1900nux")
+BH1900NUXSensor = sensor_ns.class_(
+    "BH1900NUXSensor", cg.PollingComponent, i2c.I2CDevice
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    sensor.sensor_schema(
+        BH1900NUXSensor,
+        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CELSIUS,
+        device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    )
+    .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
+    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x48))
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)

esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py

@@ -264,20 +264,31 @@ async def delayed_off_filter_to_code(config, filter_id):
     ),
 )
 async def autorepeat_filter_to_code(config, filter_id):
-    timings = []
     if len(config) > 0:
-        timings.extend(
+        timings = [
-            (conf[CONF_DELAY], conf[CONF_TIME_OFF], conf[CONF_TIME_ON])
+            cg.StructInitializer(
-            for conf in config
+                cg.MockObj("AutorepeatFilterTiming", "esphome::binary_sensor::"),
-        )
+                ("delay", conf[CONF_DELAY]),
-    else:
+                ("time_off", conf[CONF_TIME_OFF]),
-        timings.append(
+                ("time_on", conf[CONF_TIME_ON]),
-            (
-                cv.time_period_str_unit(DEFAULT_DELAY).total_milliseconds,
-                cv.time_period_str_unit(DEFAULT_TIME_OFF).total_milliseconds,
-                cv.time_period_str_unit(DEFAULT_TIME_ON).total_milliseconds,
             )
-        )
+            for conf in config
+        ]
+    else:
+        timings = [
+            cg.StructInitializer(
+                cg.MockObj("AutorepeatFilterTiming", "esphome::binary_sensor::"),
+                ("delay", cv.time_period_str_unit(DEFAULT_DELAY).total_milliseconds),
+                (
+                    "time_off",
+                    cv.time_period_str_unit(DEFAULT_TIME_OFF).total_milliseconds,
+                ),
+                (
+                    "time_on",
+                    cv.time_period_str_unit(DEFAULT_TIME_ON).total_milliseconds,
+                ),
+            )
+        ]
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(filter_id, timings)
     await cg.register_component(var, {})
     return var

esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.h

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <utility>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ class DoubleClickTrigger : public Trigger<> {
 
 class MultiClickTrigger : public Trigger<>, public Component {
  public:
-  explicit MultiClickTrigger(BinarySensor *parent, std::vector<MultiClickTriggerEvent> timing)
+  explicit MultiClickTrigger(BinarySensor *parent, std::initializer_list<MultiClickTriggerEvent> timing)
-      : parent_(parent), timing_(std::move(timing)) {}
+      : parent_(parent), timing_(timing) {}
 
   void setup() override {
     this->last_state_ = this->parent_->get_state_default(false);
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class MultiClickTrigger : public Trigger<>, public Component {
   void trigger_();
 
   BinarySensor *parent_;
-  std::vector<MultiClickTriggerEvent> timing_;
+  FixedVector<MultiClickTriggerEvent> timing_;
   uint32_t invalid_cooldown_{1000};
   optional<size_t> at_index_{};
   bool last_state_{false};

esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.cpp

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ void BinarySensor::add_filter(Filter *filter) {
     last_filter->next_ = filter;
   }
 }
-void BinarySensor::add_filters(const std::vector<Filter *> &filters) {
+void BinarySensor::add_filters(std::initializer_list<Filter *> filters) {
   for (Filter *filter : filters) {
     this->add_filter(filter);
   }

esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.h"
 
-#include <vector>
+#include <initializer_list>
 
 namespace esphome {
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class BinarySensor : public StatefulEntityBase<bool>, public EntityBase_DeviceCl
   void publish_initial_state(bool new_state);
 
   void add_filter(Filter *filter);
-  void add_filters(const std::vector<Filter *> &filters);
+  void add_filters(std::initializer_list<Filter *> filters);
 
   // ========== INTERNAL METHODS ==========
   // (In most use cases you won't need these)

esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #include "filter.h"
 
 #include "binary_sensor.h"
-#include <utility>
 
 namespace esphome {
 
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ float DelayedOffFilter::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARD
 
 optional<bool> InvertFilter::new_value(bool value) { return !value; }
 
-AutorepeatFilter::AutorepeatFilter(std::vector<AutorepeatFilterTiming> timings) : timings_(std::move(timings)) {}
+AutorepeatFilter::AutorepeatFilter(std::initializer_list<AutorepeatFilterTiming> timings) : timings_(timings) {}
 
 optional<bool> AutorepeatFilter::new_value(bool value) {
   if (value) {

esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.h

@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
-#include <vector>
-
 namespace esphome {
 
 namespace binary_sensor {
@@ -82,11 +80,6 @@ class InvertFilter : public Filter {
 };
 
 struct AutorepeatFilterTiming {
-  AutorepeatFilterTiming(uint32_t delay, uint32_t off, uint32_t on) {
-    this->delay = delay;
-    this->time_off = off;
-    this->time_on = on;
-  }
   uint32_t delay;
   uint32_t time_off;
   uint32_t time_on;
@@ -94,7 +87,7 @@ struct AutorepeatFilterTiming {
 
 class AutorepeatFilter : public Filter, public Component {
  public:
-  explicit AutorepeatFilter(std::vector<AutorepeatFilterTiming> timings);
+  explicit AutorepeatFilter(std::initializer_list<AutorepeatFilterTiming> timings);
 
   optional<bool> new_value(bool value) override;
 
@@ -104,7 +97,7 @@ class AutorepeatFilter : public Filter, public Component {
   void next_timing_();
   void next_value_(bool val);
 
-  std::vector<AutorepeatFilterTiming> timings_;
+  FixedVector<AutorepeatFilterTiming> timings_;
   uint8_t active_timing_{0};
 };
 

esphome/components/ble_nus/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.zephyr import zephyr_add_prj_conf
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_LOGS, CONF_TYPE
+
+AUTO_LOAD = ["zephyr_ble_server"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@tomaszduda23"]
+
+ble_nus_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ble_nus")
+BLENUS = ble_nus_ns.class_("BLENUS", cg.Component)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BLENUS),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TYPE, default=CONF_LOGS): cv.one_of(
+                *[CONF_LOGS], lower=True
+            ),
+        }
+    ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    cv.only_with_framework("zephyr"),
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("BT_NUS", True)
+    cg.add(var.set_expose_log(config[CONF_TYPE] == CONF_LOGS))
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)

esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
+#include "ble_nus.h"
+#include <zephyr/kernel.h>
+#include <bluetooth/services/nus.h>
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#ifdef USE_LOGGER
+#include "esphome/components/logger/logger.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#endif
+#include <zephyr/sys/ring_buffer.h>
+
+namespace esphome::ble_nus {
+
+constexpr size_t BLE_TX_BUF_SIZE = 2048;
+
+// NOLINTBEGIN(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+BLENUS *global_ble_nus;
+RING_BUF_DECLARE(global_ble_tx_ring_buf, BLE_TX_BUF_SIZE);
+// NOLINTEND(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+static const char *const TAG = "ble_nus";
+
+size_t BLENUS::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  if (atomic_get(&this->tx_status_) == TX_DISABLED) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return ring_buf_put(&global_ble_tx_ring_buf, data, len);
+}
+
+void BLENUS::connected(bt_conn *conn, uint8_t err) {
+  if (err == 0) {
+    global_ble_nus->conn_.store(bt_conn_ref(conn));
+  }
+}
+
+void BLENUS::disconnected(bt_conn *conn, uint8_t reason) {
+  if (global_ble_nus->conn_) {
+    bt_conn_unref(global_ble_nus->conn_.load());
+    // Connection array is global static.
+    // Reference can be kept even if disconnected.
+  }
+}
+
+void BLENUS::tx_callback(bt_conn *conn) {
+  atomic_cas(&global_ble_nus->tx_status_, TX_BUSY, TX_ENABLED);
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sent operation completed");
+}
+
+void BLENUS::send_enabled_callback(bt_nus_send_status status) {
+  switch (status) {
+    case BT_NUS_SEND_STATUS_ENABLED:
+      atomic_set(&global_ble_nus->tx_status_, TX_ENABLED);
+#ifdef USE_LOGGER
+      if (global_ble_nus->expose_log_) {
+        App.schedule_dump_config();
+      }
+#endif
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "NUS notification has been enabled");
+      break;
+    case BT_NUS_SEND_STATUS_DISABLED:
+      atomic_set(&global_ble_nus->tx_status_, TX_DISABLED);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "NUS notification has been disabled");
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void BLENUS::rx_callback(bt_conn *conn, const uint8_t *const data, uint16_t len) {
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Received %d bytes.", len);
+}
+
+void BLENUS::setup() {
+  bt_nus_cb callbacks = {
+      .received = rx_callback,
+      .sent = tx_callback,
+      .send_enabled = send_enabled_callback,
+  };
+
+  bt_nus_init(&callbacks);
+
+  static bt_conn_cb conn_callbacks = {
+      .connected = BLENUS::connected,
+      .disconnected = BLENUS::disconnected,
+  };
+
+  bt_conn_cb_register(&conn_callbacks);
+
+  global_ble_nus = this;
+#ifdef USE_LOGGER
+  if (logger::global_logger != nullptr && this->expose_log_) {
+    logger::global_logger->add_on_log_callback(
+        [this](int level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) {
+          this->write_array(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(message), message_len);
+          const char c = '\n';
+          this->write_array(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(&c), 1);
+        });
+  }
+
+#endif
+}
+
+void BLENUS::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "ble nus:");
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  log: %s", YESNO(this->expose_log_));
+  uint32_t mtu = 0;
+  bt_conn *conn = this->conn_.load();
+  if (conn) {
+    mtu = bt_nus_get_mtu(conn);
+  }
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  MTU: %u", mtu);
+}
+
+void BLENUS::loop() {
+  if (ring_buf_is_empty(&global_ble_tx_ring_buf)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (!atomic_cas(&this->tx_status_, TX_ENABLED, TX_BUSY)) {
+    if (atomic_get(&this->tx_status_) == TX_DISABLED) {
+      ring_buf_reset(&global_ble_tx_ring_buf);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  bt_conn *conn = this->conn_.load();
+  if (conn) {
+    conn = bt_conn_ref(conn);
+  }
+
+  if (nullptr == conn) {
+    atomic_cas(&this->tx_status_, TX_BUSY, TX_ENABLED);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  uint32_t req_len = bt_nus_get_mtu(conn);
+
+  uint8_t *buf;
+  uint32_t size = ring_buf_get_claim(&global_ble_tx_ring_buf, &buf, req_len);
+
+  int err, err2;
+
+  err = bt_nus_send(conn, buf, size);
+  err2 = ring_buf_get_finish(&global_ble_tx_ring_buf, size);
+  if (err2) {
+    // It should no happen.
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Size %u exceeds valid bytes in the ring buffer (%d error)", size, err2);
+  }
+  if (err == 0) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sent %d bytes", size);
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to send %d bytes (%d error)", size, err);
+    atomic_cas(&this->tx_status_, TX_BUSY, TX_ENABLED);
+  }
+  bt_conn_unref(conn);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_nus
+#endif

esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.h

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#pragma once
+#ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include <shell/shell_bt_nus.h>
+#include <atomic>
+
+namespace esphome::ble_nus {
+
+class BLENUS : public Component {
+  enum TxStatus {
+    TX_DISABLED,
+    TX_ENABLED,
+    TX_BUSY,
+  };
+
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  size_t write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+  void set_expose_log(bool expose_log) { this->expose_log_ = expose_log; }
+
+ protected:
+  static void send_enabled_callback(bt_nus_send_status status);
+  static void tx_callback(bt_conn *conn);
+  static void rx_callback(bt_conn *conn, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  static void connected(bt_conn *conn, uint8_t err);
+  static void disconnected(bt_conn *conn, uint8_t reason);
+
+  std::atomic<bt_conn *> conn_ = nullptr;
+  bool expose_log_ = false;
+  atomic_t tx_status_ = ATOMIC_INIT(TX_DISABLED);
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_nus
+#endif

esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp

@@ -155,16 +155,12 @@ esp32_ble_tracker::AdvertisementParserType BluetoothProxy::get_advertisement_par
 BluetoothConnection *BluetoothProxy::get_connection_(uint64_t address, bool reserve) {
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->connection_count_; i++) {
     auto *connection = this->connections_[i];
-    if (connection->get_address() == address)
+    uint64_t conn_addr = connection->get_address();
+
+    if (conn_addr == address)
       return connection;
-  }
 
-  if (!reserve)
+    if (reserve && conn_addr == 0) {
-    return nullptr;
-
-  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->connection_count_; i++) {
-    auto *connection = this->connections_[i];
-    if (connection->get_address() == 0) {
       connection->send_service_ = INIT_SENDING_SERVICES;
       connection->set_address(address);
       // All connections must start at INIT
@@ -175,7 +171,6 @@ BluetoothConnection *BluetoothProxy::get_connection_(uint64_t address, bool rese
       return connection;
     }
   }
-
   return nullptr;
 }
 

esphome/components/bme680_bsec/__init__.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BME680BSECComponent),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE_OFFSET, default=0): cv.temperature,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE_OFFSET, default=0): cv.temperature_delta,
             cv.Optional(CONF_IAQ_MODE, default="STATIC"): cv.enum(
                 IAQ_MODE_OPTIONS, upper=True
             ),

esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE = (
             cv.Optional(CONF_SUPPLY_VOLTAGE, default="3.3V"): cv.enum(
                 VOLTAGE_OPTIONS, upper=True
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE_OFFSET, default=0): cv.temperature,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE_OFFSET, default=0): cv.temperature_delta,
             cv.Optional(
                 CONF_STATE_SAVE_INTERVAL, default="6hours"
             ): cv.positive_time_period_minutes,

esphome/components/cap1188/cap1188.cpp

@@ -8,17 +8,30 @@ namespace cap1188 {
 static const char *const TAG = "cap1188";
 
 void CAP1188Component::setup() {
-  // Reset device using the reset pin
+  this->disable_loop();
-  if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
+
-    this->reset_pin_->setup();
+  // no reset pin
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
+  if (this->reset_pin_ == nullptr) {
-    delay(100);  // NOLINT
+    this->finish_setup_();
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
+    return;
-    delay(100);  // NOLINT
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
-    delay(100);  // NOLINT
   }
 
+  // reset pin configured so reset before finishing setup
+  this->reset_pin_->setup();
+  this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
+  // delay after reset pin write
+  this->set_timeout(100, [this]() {
+    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
+    // delay after reset pin write
+    this->set_timeout(100, [this]() {
+      this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
+      // delay after reset pin write
+      this->set_timeout(100, [this]() { this->finish_setup_(); });
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+void CAP1188Component::finish_setup_() {
   // Check if CAP1188 is actually connected
   this->read_byte(CAP1188_PRODUCT_ID, &this->cap1188_product_id_);
   this->read_byte(CAP1188_MANUFACTURE_ID, &this->cap1188_manufacture_id_);
@@ -44,6 +57,9 @@ void CAP1188Component::setup() {
 
   // Speed up a bit
   this->write_byte(CAP1188_STAND_BY_CONFIGURATION, 0x30);
+
+  // Setup successful, so enable loop
+  this->enable_loop();
 }
 
 void CAP1188Component::dump_config() {

esphome/components/cap1188/cap1188.h

@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ class CAP1188Component : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   void loop() override;
 
  protected:
+  void finish_setup_();
+
   std::vector<CAP1188Channel *> channels_{};
   uint8_t touch_threshold_{0x20};
   uint8_t allow_multiple_touches_{0x80};

esphome/components/climate/climate.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,42 @@ namespace climate {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "climate";
 
+// Memory-efficient lookup tables
+struct StringToUint8 {
+  const char *str;
+  const uint8_t value;
+};
+
+constexpr StringToUint8 CLIMATE_MODES_BY_STR[] = {
+    {"OFF", CLIMATE_MODE_OFF},
+    {"AUTO", CLIMATE_MODE_AUTO},
+    {"COOL", CLIMATE_MODE_COOL},
+    {"HEAT", CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT},
+    {"FAN_ONLY", CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY},
+    {"DRY", CLIMATE_MODE_DRY},
+    {"HEAT_COOL", CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL},
+};
+
+constexpr StringToUint8 CLIMATE_FAN_MODES_BY_STR[] = {
+    {"ON", CLIMATE_FAN_ON},         {"OFF", CLIMATE_FAN_OFF},       {"AUTO", CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO},
+    {"LOW", CLIMATE_FAN_LOW},       {"MEDIUM", CLIMATE_FAN_MEDIUM}, {"HIGH", CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH},
+    {"MIDDLE", CLIMATE_FAN_MIDDLE}, {"FOCUS", CLIMATE_FAN_FOCUS},   {"DIFFUSE", CLIMATE_FAN_DIFFUSE},
+    {"QUIET", CLIMATE_FAN_QUIET},
+};
+
+constexpr StringToUint8 CLIMATE_PRESETS_BY_STR[] = {
+    {"ECO", CLIMATE_PRESET_ECO},           {"AWAY", CLIMATE_PRESET_AWAY}, {"BOOST", CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST},
+    {"COMFORT", CLIMATE_PRESET_COMFORT},   {"HOME", CLIMATE_PRESET_HOME}, {"SLEEP", CLIMATE_PRESET_SLEEP},
+    {"ACTIVITY", CLIMATE_PRESET_ACTIVITY}, {"NONE", CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE},
+};
+
+constexpr StringToUint8 CLIMATE_SWING_MODES_BY_STR[] = {
+    {"OFF", CLIMATE_SWING_OFF},
+    {"BOTH", CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH},
+    {"VERTICAL", CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL},
+    {"HORIZONTAL", CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL},
+};
+
 void ClimateCall::perform() {
   this->parent_->control_callback_.call(*this);
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Setting", this->parent_->get_name().c_str());
@@ -50,206 +86,175 @@ void ClimateCall::perform() {
   }
   this->parent_->control(*this);
 }
+
 void ClimateCall::validate_() {
   auto traits = this->parent_->get_traits();
   if (this->mode_.has_value()) {
     auto mode = *this->mode_;
     if (!traits.supports_mode(mode)) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Mode %s is not supported by this device!", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_mode_to_string(mode)));
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Mode %s not supported", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_mode_to_string(mode)));
       this->mode_.reset();
     }
   }
   if (this->custom_fan_mode_.has_value()) {
     auto custom_fan_mode = *this->custom_fan_mode_;
     if (!traits.supports_custom_fan_mode(custom_fan_mode)) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Fan Mode %s is not supported by this device!", custom_fan_mode.c_str());
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Fan Mode %s not supported", custom_fan_mode.c_str());
       this->custom_fan_mode_.reset();
     }
   } else if (this->fan_mode_.has_value()) {
     auto fan_mode = *this->fan_mode_;
     if (!traits.supports_fan_mode(fan_mode)) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Fan Mode %s is not supported by this device!",
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Fan Mode %s not supported", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_fan_mode_to_string(fan_mode)));
-               LOG_STR_ARG(climate_fan_mode_to_string(fan_mode)));
       this->fan_mode_.reset();
     }
   }
   if (this->custom_preset_.has_value()) {
     auto custom_preset = *this->custom_preset_;
     if (!traits.supports_custom_preset(custom_preset)) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Preset %s is not supported by this device!", custom_preset.c_str());
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Preset %s not supported", custom_preset.c_str());
       this->custom_preset_.reset();
     }
   } else if (this->preset_.has_value()) {
     auto preset = *this->preset_;
     if (!traits.supports_preset(preset)) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Preset %s is not supported by this device!", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_preset_to_string(preset)));
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Preset %s not supported", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_preset_to_string(preset)));
       this->preset_.reset();
     }
   }
   if (this->swing_mode_.has_value()) {
     auto swing_mode = *this->swing_mode_;
     if (!traits.supports_swing_mode(swing_mode)) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Swing Mode %s is not supported by this device!",
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Swing Mode %s not supported", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_swing_mode_to_string(swing_mode)));
-               LOG_STR_ARG(climate_swing_mode_to_string(swing_mode)));
       this->swing_mode_.reset();
     }
   }
   if (this->target_temperature_.has_value()) {
     auto target = *this->target_temperature_;
-    if (traits.get_supports_two_point_target_temperature()) {
+    if (traits.has_feature_flags(CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE |
+                                 CLIMATE_REQUIRES_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE)) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Cannot set target temperature for climate device "
-                    "with two-point target temperature!");
+                    "with two-point target temperature");
       this->target_temperature_.reset();
     } else if (std::isnan(target)) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Target temperature must not be NAN!");
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Target temperature must not be NAN");
       this->target_temperature_.reset();
     }
   }
   if (this->target_temperature_low_.has_value() || this->target_temperature_high_.has_value()) {
-    if (!traits.get_supports_two_point_target_temperature()) {
+    if (!traits.has_feature_flags(CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE |
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Cannot set low/high target temperature for this device!");
+                                  CLIMATE_REQUIRES_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE)) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Cannot set low/high target temperature");
       this->target_temperature_low_.reset();
       this->target_temperature_high_.reset();
     }
   }
   if (this->target_temperature_low_.has_value() && std::isnan(*this->target_temperature_low_)) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Target temperature low must not be NAN!");
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Target temperature low must not be NAN");
     this->target_temperature_low_.reset();
   }
   if (this->target_temperature_high_.has_value() && std::isnan(*this->target_temperature_high_)) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Target temperature low must not be NAN!");
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Target temperature high must not be NAN");
     this->target_temperature_high_.reset();
   }
   if (this->target_temperature_low_.has_value() && this->target_temperature_high_.has_value()) {
     float low = *this->target_temperature_low_;
     float high = *this->target_temperature_high_;
     if (low > high) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Target temperature low %.2f must be smaller than target temperature high %.2f!", low, high);
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Target temperature low %.2f must be less than target temperature high %.2f", low, high);
       this->target_temperature_low_.reset();
       this->target_temperature_high_.reset();
     }
   }
 }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_mode(ClimateMode mode) {
   this->mode_ = mode;
   return *this;
 }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_mode(const std::string &mode) {
-  if (str_equals_case_insensitive(mode, "OFF")) {
+  for (const auto &mode_entry : CLIMATE_MODES_BY_STR) {
-    this->set_mode(CLIMATE_MODE_OFF);
+    if (str_equals_case_insensitive(mode, mode_entry.str)) {
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(mode, "AUTO")) {
+      this->set_mode(static_cast<ClimateMode>(mode_entry.value));
-    this->set_mode(CLIMATE_MODE_AUTO);
+      return *this;
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(mode, "COOL")) {
+    }
-    this->set_mode(CLIMATE_MODE_COOL);
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(mode, "HEAT")) {
-    this->set_mode(CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT);
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(mode, "FAN_ONLY")) {
-    this->set_mode(CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY);
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(mode, "DRY")) {
-    this->set_mode(CLIMATE_MODE_DRY);
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(mode, "HEAT_COOL")) {
-    this->set_mode(CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL);
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Unrecognized mode %s", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), mode.c_str());
   }
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Unrecognized mode %s", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), mode.c_str());
   return *this;
 }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_fan_mode(ClimateFanMode fan_mode) {
   this->fan_mode_ = fan_mode;
   this->custom_fan_mode_.reset();
   return *this;
 }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_fan_mode(const std::string &fan_mode) {
-  if (str_equals_case_insensitive(fan_mode, "ON")) {
+  for (const auto &mode_entry : CLIMATE_FAN_MODES_BY_STR) {
-    this->set_fan_mode(CLIMATE_FAN_ON);
+    if (str_equals_case_insensitive(fan_mode, mode_entry.str)) {
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(fan_mode, "OFF")) {
+      this->set_fan_mode(static_cast<ClimateFanMode>(mode_entry.value));
-    this->set_fan_mode(CLIMATE_FAN_OFF);
+      return *this;
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(fan_mode, "AUTO")) {
-    this->set_fan_mode(CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO);
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(fan_mode, "LOW")) {
-    this->set_fan_mode(CLIMATE_FAN_LOW);
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(fan_mode, "MEDIUM")) {
-    this->set_fan_mode(CLIMATE_FAN_MEDIUM);
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(fan_mode, "HIGH")) {
-    this->set_fan_mode(CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH);
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(fan_mode, "MIDDLE")) {
-    this->set_fan_mode(CLIMATE_FAN_MIDDLE);
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(fan_mode, "FOCUS")) {
-    this->set_fan_mode(CLIMATE_FAN_FOCUS);
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(fan_mode, "DIFFUSE")) {
-    this->set_fan_mode(CLIMATE_FAN_DIFFUSE);
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(fan_mode, "QUIET")) {
-    this->set_fan_mode(CLIMATE_FAN_QUIET);
-  } else {
-    if (this->parent_->get_traits().supports_custom_fan_mode(fan_mode)) {
-      this->custom_fan_mode_ = fan_mode;
-      this->fan_mode_.reset();
-    } else {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Unrecognized fan mode %s", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), fan_mode.c_str());
     }
   }
+  if (this->parent_->get_traits().supports_custom_fan_mode(fan_mode)) {
+    this->custom_fan_mode_ = fan_mode;
+    this->fan_mode_.reset();
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Unrecognized fan mode %s", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), fan_mode.c_str());
+  }
   return *this;
 }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_fan_mode(optional<std::string> fan_mode) {
   if (fan_mode.has_value()) {
     this->set_fan_mode(fan_mode.value());
   }
   return *this;
 }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_preset(ClimatePreset preset) {
   this->preset_ = preset;
   this->custom_preset_.reset();
   return *this;
 }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_preset(const std::string &preset) {
-  if (str_equals_case_insensitive(preset, "ECO")) {
+  for (const auto &preset_entry : CLIMATE_PRESETS_BY_STR) {
-    this->set_preset(CLIMATE_PRESET_ECO);
+    if (str_equals_case_insensitive(preset, preset_entry.str)) {
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(preset, "AWAY")) {
+      this->set_preset(static_cast<ClimatePreset>(preset_entry.value));
-    this->set_preset(CLIMATE_PRESET_AWAY);
+      return *this;
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(preset, "BOOST")) {
-    this->set_preset(CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST);
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(preset, "COMFORT")) {
-    this->set_preset(CLIMATE_PRESET_COMFORT);
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(preset, "HOME")) {
-    this->set_preset(CLIMATE_PRESET_HOME);
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(preset, "SLEEP")) {
-    this->set_preset(CLIMATE_PRESET_SLEEP);
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(preset, "ACTIVITY")) {
-    this->set_preset(CLIMATE_PRESET_ACTIVITY);
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(preset, "NONE")) {
-    this->set_preset(CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE);
-  } else {
-    if (this->parent_->get_traits().supports_custom_preset(preset)) {
-      this->custom_preset_ = preset;
-      this->preset_.reset();
-    } else {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Unrecognized preset %s", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), preset.c_str());
     }
   }
+  if (this->parent_->get_traits().supports_custom_preset(preset)) {
+    this->custom_preset_ = preset;
+    this->preset_.reset();
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Unrecognized preset %s", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), preset.c_str());
+  }
   return *this;
 }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_preset(optional<std::string> preset) {
   if (preset.has_value()) {
     this->set_preset(preset.value());
   }
   return *this;
 }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_swing_mode(ClimateSwingMode swing_mode) {
   this->swing_mode_ = swing_mode;
   return *this;
 }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_swing_mode(const std::string &swing_mode) {
-  if (str_equals_case_insensitive(swing_mode, "OFF")) {
+  for (const auto &mode_entry : CLIMATE_SWING_MODES_BY_STR) {
-    this->set_swing_mode(CLIMATE_SWING_OFF);
+    if (str_equals_case_insensitive(swing_mode, mode_entry.str)) {
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(swing_mode, "BOTH")) {
+      this->set_swing_mode(static_cast<ClimateSwingMode>(mode_entry.value));
-    this->set_swing_mode(CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH);
+      return *this;
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(swing_mode, "VERTICAL")) {
+    }
-    this->set_swing_mode(CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL);
-  } else if (str_equals_case_insensitive(swing_mode, "HORIZONTAL")) {
-    this->set_swing_mode(CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL);
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Unrecognized swing mode %s", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), swing_mode.c_str());
   }
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Unrecognized swing mode %s", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), swing_mode.c_str());
   return *this;
 }
 
@@ -257,59 +262,71 @@ ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_target_temperature(float target_temperature) {
   this->target_temperature_ = target_temperature;
   return *this;
 }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_target_temperature_low(float target_temperature_low) {
   this->target_temperature_low_ = target_temperature_low;
   return *this;
 }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_target_temperature_high(float target_temperature_high) {
   this->target_temperature_high_ = target_temperature_high;
   return *this;
 }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_target_humidity(float target_humidity) {
   this->target_humidity_ = target_humidity;
   return *this;
 }
 
-const optional<ClimateMode> &ClimateCall::get_mode() const { return this->mode_; }
 const optional<float> &ClimateCall::get_target_temperature() const { return this->target_temperature_; }
 const optional<float> &ClimateCall::get_target_temperature_low() const { return this->target_temperature_low_; }
 const optional<float> &ClimateCall::get_target_temperature_high() const { return this->target_temperature_high_; }
 const optional<float> &ClimateCall::get_target_humidity() const { return this->target_humidity_; }
+
+const optional<ClimateMode> &ClimateCall::get_mode() const { return this->mode_; }
 const optional<ClimateFanMode> &ClimateCall::get_fan_mode() const { return this->fan_mode_; }
-const optional<std::string> &ClimateCall::get_custom_fan_mode() const { return this->custom_fan_mode_; }
-const optional<ClimatePreset> &ClimateCall::get_preset() const { return this->preset_; }
-const optional<std::string> &ClimateCall::get_custom_preset() const { return this->custom_preset_; }
 const optional<ClimateSwingMode> &ClimateCall::get_swing_mode() const { return this->swing_mode_; }
+const optional<ClimatePreset> &ClimateCall::get_preset() const { return this->preset_; }
+const optional<std::string> &ClimateCall::get_custom_fan_mode() const { return this->custom_fan_mode_; }
+const optional<std::string> &ClimateCall::get_custom_preset() const { return this->custom_preset_; }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_target_temperature_high(optional<float> target_temperature_high) {
   this->target_temperature_high_ = target_temperature_high;
   return *this;
 }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_target_temperature_low(optional<float> target_temperature_low) {
   this->target_temperature_low_ = target_temperature_low;
   return *this;
 }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_target_temperature(optional<float> target_temperature) {
   this->target_temperature_ = target_temperature;
   return *this;
 }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_target_humidity(optional<float> target_humidity) {
   this->target_humidity_ = target_humidity;
   return *this;
 }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_mode(optional<ClimateMode> mode) {
   this->mode_ = mode;
   return *this;
 }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_fan_mode(optional<ClimateFanMode> fan_mode) {
   this->fan_mode_ = fan_mode;
   this->custom_fan_mode_.reset();
   return *this;
 }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_preset(optional<ClimatePreset> preset) {
   this->preset_ = preset;
   this->custom_preset_.reset();
   return *this;
 }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_swing_mode(optional<ClimateSwingMode> swing_mode) {
   this->swing_mode_ = swing_mode;
   return *this;
@@ -334,6 +351,7 @@ optional<ClimateDeviceRestoreState> Climate::restore_state_() {
     return {};
   return recovered;
 }
+
 void Climate::save_state_() {
 #if (defined(USE_ESP_IDF) || (defined(USE_ESP8266) && USE_ARDUINO_VERSION_CODE >= VERSION_CODE(3, 0, 0))) && \
     !defined(CLANG_TIDY)
@@ -350,13 +368,14 @@ void Climate::save_state_() {
 
   state.mode = this->mode;
   auto traits = this->get_traits();
-  if (traits.get_supports_two_point_target_temperature()) {
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE |
+                               CLIMATE_REQUIRES_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE)) {
     state.target_temperature_low = this->target_temperature_low;
     state.target_temperature_high = this->target_temperature_high;
   } else {
     state.target_temperature = this->target_temperature;
   }
-  if (traits.get_supports_target_humidity()) {
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TARGET_HUMIDITY)) {
     state.target_humidity = this->target_humidity;
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_fan_modes() && fan_mode.has_value()) {
@@ -366,12 +385,14 @@ void Climate::save_state_() {
   if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty() && custom_fan_mode.has_value()) {
     state.uses_custom_fan_mode = true;
     const auto &supported = traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes();
-    std::vector<std::string> vec{supported.begin(), supported.end()};
+    // std::set has consistent order (lexicographic for strings)
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < vec.size(); i++) {
+    size_t i = 0;
-      if (vec[i] == custom_fan_mode) {
+    for (const auto &mode : supported) {
+      if (mode == custom_fan_mode) {
         state.custom_fan_mode = i;
         break;
       }
+      i++;
     }
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_presets() && preset.has_value()) {
@@ -381,12 +402,14 @@ void Climate::save_state_() {
   if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty() && custom_preset.has_value()) {
     state.uses_custom_preset = true;
     const auto &supported = traits.get_supported_custom_presets();
-    std::vector<std::string> vec{supported.begin(), supported.end()};
+    // std::set has consistent order (lexicographic for strings)
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < vec.size(); i++) {
+    size_t i = 0;
-      if (vec[i] == custom_preset) {
+    for (const auto &preset : supported) {
+      if (preset == custom_preset) {
         state.custom_preset = i;
         break;
       }
+      i++;
     }
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_swing_modes()) {
@@ -395,12 +418,13 @@ void Climate::save_state_() {
 
   this->rtc_.save(&state);
 }
+
 void Climate::publish_state() {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Sending state:", this->name_.c_str());
   auto traits = this->get_traits();
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Mode: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_mode_to_string(this->mode)));
-  if (traits.get_supports_action()) {
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_ACTION)) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Action: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_action_to_string(this->action)));
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_fan_modes() && this->fan_mode.has_value()) {
@@ -418,19 +442,20 @@ void Climate::publish_state() {
   if (traits.get_supports_swing_modes()) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Swing Mode: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_swing_mode_to_string(this->swing_mode)));
   }
-  if (traits.get_supports_current_temperature()) {
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE)) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Current Temperature: %.2f°C", this->current_temperature);
   }
-  if (traits.get_supports_two_point_target_temperature()) {
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE |
+                               CLIMATE_REQUIRES_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE)) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Target Temperature: Low: %.2f°C High: %.2f°C", this->target_temperature_low,
              this->target_temperature_high);
   } else {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Target Temperature: %.2f°C", this->target_temperature);
   }
-  if (traits.get_supports_current_humidity()) {
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_HUMIDITY)) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Current Humidity: %.0f%%", this->current_humidity);
   }
-  if (traits.get_supports_target_humidity()) {
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TARGET_HUMIDITY)) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Target Humidity: %.0f%%", this->target_humidity);
   }
 
@@ -465,16 +490,20 @@ ClimateTraits Climate::get_traits() {
 void Climate::set_visual_min_temperature_override(float visual_min_temperature_override) {
   this->visual_min_temperature_override_ = visual_min_temperature_override;
 }
+
 void Climate::set_visual_max_temperature_override(float visual_max_temperature_override) {
   this->visual_max_temperature_override_ = visual_max_temperature_override;
 }
+
 void Climate::set_visual_temperature_step_override(float target, float current) {
   this->visual_target_temperature_step_override_ = target;
   this->visual_current_temperature_step_override_ = current;
 }
+
 void Climate::set_visual_min_humidity_override(float visual_min_humidity_override) {
   this->visual_min_humidity_override_ = visual_min_humidity_override;
 }
+
 void Climate::set_visual_max_humidity_override(float visual_max_humidity_override) {
   this->visual_max_humidity_override_ = visual_max_humidity_override;
 }
@@ -485,61 +514,70 @@ ClimateCall ClimateDeviceRestoreState::to_call(Climate *climate) {
   auto call = climate->make_call();
   auto traits = climate->get_traits();
   call.set_mode(this->mode);
-  if (traits.get_supports_two_point_target_temperature()) {
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE |
+                               CLIMATE_REQUIRES_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE)) {
     call.set_target_temperature_low(this->target_temperature_low);
     call.set_target_temperature_high(this->target_temperature_high);
   } else {
     call.set_target_temperature(this->target_temperature);
   }
-  if (traits.get_supports_target_humidity()) {
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TARGET_HUMIDITY)) {
     call.set_target_humidity(this->target_humidity);
   }
-  if (traits.get_supports_fan_modes() || !traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty()) {
+  if (this->uses_custom_fan_mode) {
+    if (this->custom_fan_mode < traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().size()) {
+      call.fan_mode_.reset();
+      call.custom_fan_mode_ = *std::next(traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().cbegin(), this->custom_fan_mode);
+    }
+  } else if (traits.supports_fan_mode(this->fan_mode)) {
     call.set_fan_mode(this->fan_mode);
   }
-  if (traits.get_supports_presets() || !traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty()) {
+  if (this->uses_custom_preset) {
+    if (this->custom_preset < traits.get_supported_custom_presets().size()) {
+      call.preset_.reset();
+      call.custom_preset_ = *std::next(traits.get_supported_custom_presets().cbegin(), this->custom_preset);
+    }
+  } else if (traits.supports_preset(this->preset)) {
     call.set_preset(this->preset);
   }
-  if (traits.get_supports_swing_modes()) {
+  if (traits.supports_swing_mode(this->swing_mode)) {
     call.set_swing_mode(this->swing_mode);
   }
   return call;
 }
+
 void ClimateDeviceRestoreState::apply(Climate *climate) {
   auto traits = climate->get_traits();
   climate->mode = this->mode;
-  if (traits.get_supports_two_point_target_temperature()) {
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE |
+                               CLIMATE_REQUIRES_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE)) {
     climate->target_temperature_low = this->target_temperature_low;
     climate->target_temperature_high = this->target_temperature_high;
   } else {
     climate->target_temperature = this->target_temperature;
   }
-  if (traits.get_supports_target_humidity()) {
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TARGET_HUMIDITY)) {
     climate->target_humidity = this->target_humidity;
   }
-  if (traits.get_supports_fan_modes() && !this->uses_custom_fan_mode) {
+  if (this->uses_custom_fan_mode) {
+    if (this->custom_fan_mode < traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().size()) {
+      climate->fan_mode.reset();
+      climate->custom_fan_mode = *std::next(traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().cbegin(), this->custom_fan_mode);
+    }
+  } else if (traits.supports_fan_mode(this->fan_mode)) {
     climate->fan_mode = this->fan_mode;
+    climate->custom_fan_mode.reset();
   }
-  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty() && this->uses_custom_fan_mode) {
+  if (this->uses_custom_preset) {
-    // std::set has consistent order (lexicographic for strings), so this is ok
+    if (this->custom_preset < traits.get_supported_custom_presets().size()) {
-    const auto &modes = traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes();
+      climate->preset.reset();
-    std::vector<std::string> modes_vec{modes.begin(), modes.end()};
+      climate->custom_preset = *std::next(traits.get_supported_custom_presets().cbegin(), this->custom_preset);
-    if (custom_fan_mode < modes_vec.size()) {
-      climate->custom_fan_mode = modes_vec[this->custom_fan_mode];
     }
-  }
+  } else if (traits.supports_preset(this->preset)) {
-  if (traits.get_supports_presets() && !this->uses_custom_preset) {
     climate->preset = this->preset;
+    climate->custom_preset.reset();
   }
-  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty() && uses_custom_preset) {
+  if (traits.supports_swing_mode(this->swing_mode)) {
-    // std::set has consistent order (lexicographic for strings), so this is ok
-    const auto &presets = traits.get_supported_custom_presets();
-    std::vector<std::string> presets_vec{presets.begin(), presets.end()};
-    if (custom_preset < presets_vec.size()) {
-      climate->custom_preset = presets_vec[this->custom_preset];
-    }
-  }
-  if (traits.get_supports_swing_modes()) {
     climate->swing_mode = this->swing_mode;
   }
   climate->publish_state();
@@ -573,66 +611,68 @@ void Climate::dump_traits_(const char *tag) {
   auto traits = this->get_traits();
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "ClimateTraits:");
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag,
-                "  [x] Visual settings:\n"
+                "  Visual settings:\n"
-                "      - Min temperature: %.1f\n"
+                "  - Min temperature: %.1f\n"
-                "      - Max temperature: %.1f\n"
+                "  - Max temperature: %.1f\n"
-                "      - Temperature step:\n"
+                "  - Temperature step:\n"
-                "          Target: %.1f",
+                "      Target: %.1f",
                 traits.get_visual_min_temperature(), traits.get_visual_max_temperature(),
                 traits.get_visual_target_temperature_step());
-  if (traits.get_supports_current_temperature()) {
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE)) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "          Current: %.1f", traits.get_visual_current_temperature_step());
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "      Current: %.1f", traits.get_visual_current_temperature_step());
   }
-  if (traits.get_supports_target_humidity() || traits.get_supports_current_humidity()) {
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TARGET_HUMIDITY |
+                               climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_HUMIDITY)) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag,
-                  "      - Min humidity: %.0f\n"
+                  "  - Min humidity: %.0f\n"
-                  "      - Max humidity: %.0f",
+                  "  - Max humidity: %.0f",
                   traits.get_visual_min_humidity(), traits.get_visual_max_humidity());
   }
-  if (traits.get_supports_two_point_target_temperature()) {
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE |
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  [x] Supports two-point target temperature");
+                               CLIMATE_REQUIRES_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE)) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supports two-point target temperature");
   }
-  if (traits.get_supports_current_temperature()) {
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE)) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  [x] Supports current temperature");
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supports current temperature");
   }
-  if (traits.get_supports_target_humidity()) {
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TARGET_HUMIDITY)) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  [x] Supports target humidity");
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supports target humidity");
   }
-  if (traits.get_supports_current_humidity()) {
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_HUMIDITY)) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  [x] Supports current humidity");
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supports current humidity");
   }
-  if (traits.get_supports_action()) {
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_ACTION)) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  [x] Supports action");
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supports action");
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_modes().empty()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  [x] Supported modes:");
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supported modes:");
     for (ClimateMode m : traits.get_supported_modes())
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "      - %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_mode_to_string(m)));
+      ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  - %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_mode_to_string(m)));
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_fan_modes().empty()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  [x] Supported fan modes:");
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supported fan modes:");
     for (ClimateFanMode m : traits.get_supported_fan_modes())
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "      - %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_fan_mode_to_string(m)));
+      ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  - %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_fan_mode_to_string(m)));
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  [x] Supported custom fan modes:");
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supported custom fan modes:");
     for (const std::string &s : traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes())
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "      - %s", s.c_str());
+      ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  - %s", s.c_str());
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_presets().empty()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  [x] Supported presets:");
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supported presets:");
     for (ClimatePreset p : traits.get_supported_presets())
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "      - %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_preset_to_string(p)));
+      ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  - %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_preset_to_string(p)));
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  [x] Supported custom presets:");
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supported custom presets:");
     for (const std::string &s : traits.get_supported_custom_presets())
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "      - %s", s.c_str());
+      ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  - %s", s.c_str());
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_swing_modes().empty()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  [x] Supported swing modes:");
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supported swing modes:");
     for (ClimateSwingMode m : traits.get_supported_swing_modes())
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "      - %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_swing_mode_to_string(m)));
+      ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  - %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_swing_mode_to_string(m)));
   }
 }
 

esphome/components/climate/climate.h

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ class Climate;
 class ClimateCall {
  public:
   explicit ClimateCall(Climate *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
+  friend struct ClimateDeviceRestoreState;
 
   /// Set the mode of the climate device.
   ClimateCall &set_mode(ClimateMode mode);
@@ -93,30 +94,31 @@ class ClimateCall {
 
   void perform();
 
-  const optional<ClimateMode> &get_mode() const;
   const optional<float> &get_target_temperature() const;
   const optional<float> &get_target_temperature_low() const;
   const optional<float> &get_target_temperature_high() const;
   const optional<float> &get_target_humidity() const;
+
+  const optional<ClimateMode> &get_mode() const;
   const optional<ClimateFanMode> &get_fan_mode() const;
   const optional<ClimateSwingMode> &get_swing_mode() const;
-  const optional<std::string> &get_custom_fan_mode() const;
   const optional<ClimatePreset> &get_preset() const;
+  const optional<std::string> &get_custom_fan_mode() const;
   const optional<std::string> &get_custom_preset() const;
 
  protected:
   void validate_();
 
   Climate *const parent_;
-  optional<ClimateMode> mode_;
   optional<float> target_temperature_;
   optional<float> target_temperature_low_;
   optional<float> target_temperature_high_;
   optional<float> target_humidity_;
+  optional<ClimateMode> mode_;
   optional<ClimateFanMode> fan_mode_;
   optional<ClimateSwingMode> swing_mode_;
-  optional<std::string> custom_fan_mode_;
   optional<ClimatePreset> preset_;
+  optional<std::string> custom_fan_mode_;
   optional<std::string> custom_preset_;
 };
 
@@ -169,47 +171,6 @@ class Climate : public EntityBase {
  public:
   Climate() {}
 
-  /// The active mode of the climate device.
-  ClimateMode mode{CLIMATE_MODE_OFF};
-
-  /// The active state of the climate device.
-  ClimateAction action{CLIMATE_ACTION_OFF};
-
-  /// The current temperature of the climate device, as reported from the integration.
-  float current_temperature{NAN};
-
-  /// The current humidity of the climate device, as reported from the integration.
-  float current_humidity{NAN};
-
-  union {
-    /// The target temperature of the climate device.
-    float target_temperature;
-    struct {
-      /// The minimum target temperature of the climate device, for climate devices with split target temperature.
-      float target_temperature_low{NAN};
-      /// The maximum target temperature of the climate device, for climate devices with split target temperature.
-      float target_temperature_high{NAN};
-    };
-  };
-
-  /// The target humidity of the climate device.
-  float target_humidity;
-
-  /// The active fan mode of the climate device.
-  optional<ClimateFanMode> fan_mode;
-
-  /// The active swing mode of the climate device.
-  ClimateSwingMode swing_mode;
-
-  /// The active custom fan mode of the climate device.
-  optional<std::string> custom_fan_mode;
-
-  /// The active preset of the climate device.
-  optional<ClimatePreset> preset;
-
-  /// The active custom preset mode of the climate device.
-  optional<std::string> custom_preset;
-
   /** Add a callback for the climate device state, each time the state of the climate device is updated
    * (using publish_state), this callback will be called.
    *
@@ -251,6 +212,47 @@ class Climate : public EntityBase {
   void set_visual_min_humidity_override(float visual_min_humidity_override);
   void set_visual_max_humidity_override(float visual_max_humidity_override);
 
+  /// The current temperature of the climate device, as reported from the integration.
+  float current_temperature{NAN};
+
+  /// The current humidity of the climate device, as reported from the integration.
+  float current_humidity{NAN};
+
+  union {
+    /// The target temperature of the climate device.
+    float target_temperature;
+    struct {
+      /// The minimum target temperature of the climate device, for climate devices with split target temperature.
+      float target_temperature_low{NAN};
+      /// The maximum target temperature of the climate device, for climate devices with split target temperature.
+      float target_temperature_high{NAN};
+    };
+  };
+
+  /// The target humidity of the climate device.
+  float target_humidity;
+
+  /// The active fan mode of the climate device.
+  optional<ClimateFanMode> fan_mode;
+
+  /// The active preset of the climate device.
+  optional<ClimatePreset> preset;
+
+  /// The active custom fan mode of the climate device.
+  optional<std::string> custom_fan_mode;
+
+  /// The active custom preset mode of the climate device.
+  optional<std::string> custom_preset;
+
+  /// The active mode of the climate device.
+  ClimateMode mode{CLIMATE_MODE_OFF};
+
+  /// The active state of the climate device.
+  ClimateAction action{CLIMATE_ACTION_OFF};
+
+  /// The active swing mode of the climate device.
+  ClimateSwingMode swing_mode{CLIMATE_SWING_OFF};
+
  protected:
   friend ClimateCall;
 

esphome/components/climate/climate_mode.h

@@ -98,6 +98,21 @@ enum ClimatePreset : uint8_t {
   CLIMATE_PRESET_ACTIVITY = 7,
 };
 
+enum ClimateFeature : uint32_t {
+  // Reporting current temperature is supported
+  CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE = 1 << 0,
+  // Setting two target temperatures is supported (used in conjunction with CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL)
+  CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE = 1 << 1,
+  // Single-point mode is NOT supported (UI always displays two handles, setting 'target_temperature' is not supported)
+  CLIMATE_REQUIRES_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE = 1 << 2,
+  // Reporting current humidity is supported
+  CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_HUMIDITY = 1 << 3,
+  // Setting a target humidity is supported
+  CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TARGET_HUMIDITY = 1 << 4,
+  // Reporting current climate action is supported
+  CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_ACTION = 1 << 5,
+};
+
 /// Convert the given ClimateMode to a human-readable string.
 const LogString *climate_mode_to_string(ClimateMode mode);
 

esphome/components/climate/climate_traits.h

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
-#include "climate_mode.h"
 #include <set>
+#include "climate_mode.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 
@@ -21,91 +21,100 @@ namespace climate {
  *  - Target Temperature
  *
  * All other properties and modes are optional and the integration must mark
- * each of them as supported by setting the appropriate flag here.
+ * each of them as supported by setting the appropriate flag(s) here.
  *
- *  - supports current temperature - if the climate device supports reporting a current temperature
+ *  - feature flags: see ClimateFeatures enum in climate_mode.h
- *  - supports two point target temperature - if the climate device's target temperature should be
- *     split in target_temperature_low and target_temperature_high instead of just the single target_temperature
  *  - supports modes:
  *    - auto mode (automatic control)
  *    - cool mode (lowers current temperature)
  *    - heat mode (increases current temperature)
  *    - dry mode (removes humidity from air)
  *    - fan mode (only turns on fan)
- *  - supports action - if the climate device supports reporting the active
- *    current action of the device with the action property.
  *  - supports fan modes - optionally, if it has a fan which can be configured in different ways:
  *    - on, off, auto, high, medium, low, middle, focus, diffuse, quiet
  *  - supports swing modes - optionally, if it has a swing which can be configured in different ways:
  *    - off, both, vertical, horizontal
  *
  * This class also contains static data for the climate device display:
- *  - visual min/max temperature - tells the frontend what range of temperatures the climate device
+ *  - visual min/max temperature/humidity - tells the frontend what range of temperature/humidity the
- *     should display (gauge min/max values)
+ *     climate device should display (gauge min/max values)
  *  - temperature step - the step with which to increase/decrease target temperature.
  *     This also affects with how many decimal places the temperature is shown
  */
 class ClimateTraits {
  public:
-  bool get_supports_current_temperature() const { return this->supports_current_temperature_; }
+  /// Get/set feature flags (see ClimateFeatures enum in climate_mode.h)
+  uint32_t get_feature_flags() const { return this->feature_flags_; }
+  void add_feature_flags(uint32_t feature_flags) { this->feature_flags_ |= feature_flags; }
+  void clear_feature_flags(uint32_t feature_flags) { this->feature_flags_ &= ~feature_flags; }
+  bool has_feature_flags(uint32_t feature_flags) const { return this->feature_flags_ & feature_flags; }
+  void set_feature_flags(uint32_t feature_flags) { this->feature_flags_ = feature_flags; }
+
+  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use get_feature_flags() instead", "2025.11.0")
+  bool get_supports_current_temperature() const {
+    return this->has_feature_flags(CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE);
+  }
+  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use add_feature_flags() instead", "2025.11.0")
   void set_supports_current_temperature(bool supports_current_temperature) {
-    this->supports_current_temperature_ = supports_current_temperature;
+    if (supports_current_temperature) {
+      this->add_feature_flags(CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE);
+    } else {
+      this->clear_feature_flags(CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE);
+    }
   }
-  bool get_supports_current_humidity() const { return this->supports_current_humidity_; }
+  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use get_feature_flags() instead", "2025.11.0")
+  bool get_supports_current_humidity() const { return this->has_feature_flags(CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_HUMIDITY); }
+  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use add_feature_flags() instead", "2025.11.0")
   void set_supports_current_humidity(bool supports_current_humidity) {
-    this->supports_current_humidity_ = supports_current_humidity;
+    if (supports_current_humidity) {
+      this->add_feature_flags(CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_HUMIDITY);
+    } else {
+      this->clear_feature_flags(CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_HUMIDITY);
+    }
   }
-  bool get_supports_two_point_target_temperature() const { return this->supports_two_point_target_temperature_; }
+  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use get_feature_flags() instead", "2025.11.0")
+  bool get_supports_two_point_target_temperature() const {
+    return this->has_feature_flags(CLIMATE_REQUIRES_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE);
+  }
+  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use add_feature_flags() instead", "2025.11.0")
   void set_supports_two_point_target_temperature(bool supports_two_point_target_temperature) {
-    this->supports_two_point_target_temperature_ = supports_two_point_target_temperature;
+    if (supports_two_point_target_temperature)
+    // Use CLIMATE_REQUIRES_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE to mimic previous behavior
+    {
+      this->add_feature_flags(CLIMATE_REQUIRES_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE);
+    } else {
+      this->clear_feature_flags(CLIMATE_REQUIRES_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE);
+    }
   }
-  bool get_supports_target_humidity() const { return this->supports_target_humidity_; }
+  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use get_feature_flags() instead", "2025.11.0")
+  bool get_supports_target_humidity() const { return this->has_feature_flags(CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TARGET_HUMIDITY); }
+  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use add_feature_flags() instead", "2025.11.0")
   void set_supports_target_humidity(bool supports_target_humidity) {
-    this->supports_target_humidity_ = supports_target_humidity;
+    if (supports_target_humidity) {
+      this->add_feature_flags(CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TARGET_HUMIDITY);
+    } else {
+      this->clear_feature_flags(CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TARGET_HUMIDITY);
+    }
   }
+  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use get_feature_flags() instead", "2025.11.0")
+  bool get_supports_action() const { return this->has_feature_flags(CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_ACTION); }
+  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use add_feature_flags() instead", "2025.11.0")
+  void set_supports_action(bool supports_action) {
+    if (supports_action) {
+      this->add_feature_flags(CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_ACTION);
+    } else {
+      this->clear_feature_flags(CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_ACTION);
+    }
+  }
+
   void set_supported_modes(std::set<ClimateMode> modes) { this->supported_modes_ = std::move(modes); }
   void add_supported_mode(ClimateMode mode) { this->supported_modes_.insert(mode); }
-  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use set_supported_modes() instead", "v1.20")
-  void set_supports_auto_mode(bool supports_auto_mode) { set_mode_support_(CLIMATE_MODE_AUTO, supports_auto_mode); }
-  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use set_supported_modes() instead", "v1.20")
-  void set_supports_cool_mode(bool supports_cool_mode) { set_mode_support_(CLIMATE_MODE_COOL, supports_cool_mode); }
-  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use set_supported_modes() instead", "v1.20")
-  void set_supports_heat_mode(bool supports_heat_mode) { set_mode_support_(CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT, supports_heat_mode); }
-  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use set_supported_modes() instead", "v1.20")
-  void set_supports_heat_cool_mode(bool supported) { set_mode_support_(CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL, supported); }
-  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use set_supported_modes() instead", "v1.20")
-  void set_supports_fan_only_mode(bool supports_fan_only_mode) {
-    set_mode_support_(CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY, supports_fan_only_mode);
-  }
-  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use set_supported_modes() instead", "v1.20")
-  void set_supports_dry_mode(bool supports_dry_mode) { set_mode_support_(CLIMATE_MODE_DRY, supports_dry_mode); }
   bool supports_mode(ClimateMode mode) const { return this->supported_modes_.count(mode); }
   const std::set<ClimateMode> &get_supported_modes() const { return this->supported_modes_; }
 
-  void set_supports_action(bool supports_action) { this->supports_action_ = supports_action; }
-  bool get_supports_action() const { return this->supports_action_; }
-
   void set_supported_fan_modes(std::set<ClimateFanMode> modes) { this->supported_fan_modes_ = std::move(modes); }
   void add_supported_fan_mode(ClimateFanMode mode) { this->supported_fan_modes_.insert(mode); }
   void add_supported_custom_fan_mode(const std::string &mode) { this->supported_custom_fan_modes_.insert(mode); }
-  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use set_supported_fan_modes() instead", "v1.20")
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_on(bool supported) { set_fan_mode_support_(CLIMATE_FAN_ON, supported); }
-  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use set_supported_fan_modes() instead", "v1.20")
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_off(bool supported) { set_fan_mode_support_(CLIMATE_FAN_OFF, supported); }
-  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use set_supported_fan_modes() instead", "v1.20")
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_auto(bool supported) { set_fan_mode_support_(CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO, supported); }
-  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use set_supported_fan_modes() instead", "v1.20")
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_low(bool supported) { set_fan_mode_support_(CLIMATE_FAN_LOW, supported); }
-  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use set_supported_fan_modes() instead", "v1.20")
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_medium(bool supported) { set_fan_mode_support_(CLIMATE_FAN_MEDIUM, supported); }
-  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use set_supported_fan_modes() instead", "v1.20")
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_high(bool supported) { set_fan_mode_support_(CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH, supported); }
-  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use set_supported_fan_modes() instead", "v1.20")
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_middle(bool supported) { set_fan_mode_support_(CLIMATE_FAN_MIDDLE, supported); }
-  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use set_supported_fan_modes() instead", "v1.20")
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_focus(bool supported) { set_fan_mode_support_(CLIMATE_FAN_FOCUS, supported); }
-  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use set_supported_fan_modes() instead", "v1.20")
-  void set_supports_fan_mode_diffuse(bool supported) { set_fan_mode_support_(CLIMATE_FAN_DIFFUSE, supported); }
   bool supports_fan_mode(ClimateFanMode fan_mode) const { return this->supported_fan_modes_.count(fan_mode); }
   bool get_supports_fan_modes() const {
     return !this->supported_fan_modes_.empty() || !this->supported_custom_fan_modes_.empty();
@@ -137,16 +146,6 @@ class ClimateTraits {
 
   void set_supported_swing_modes(std::set<ClimateSwingMode> modes) { this->supported_swing_modes_ = std::move(modes); }
   void add_supported_swing_mode(ClimateSwingMode mode) { this->supported_swing_modes_.insert(mode); }
-  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use set_supported_swing_modes() instead", "v1.20")
-  void set_supports_swing_mode_off(bool supported) { set_swing_mode_support_(CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, supported); }
-  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use set_supported_swing_modes() instead", "v1.20")
-  void set_supports_swing_mode_both(bool supported) { set_swing_mode_support_(CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH, supported); }
-  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use set_supported_swing_modes() instead", "v1.20")
-  void set_supports_swing_mode_vertical(bool supported) { set_swing_mode_support_(CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL, supported); }
-  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated, use set_supported_swing_modes() instead", "v1.20")
-  void set_supports_swing_mode_horizontal(bool supported) {
-    set_swing_mode_support_(CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL, supported);
-  }
   bool supports_swing_mode(ClimateSwingMode swing_mode) const { return this->supported_swing_modes_.count(swing_mode); }
   bool get_supports_swing_modes() const { return !this->supported_swing_modes_.empty(); }
   const std::set<ClimateSwingMode> &get_supported_swing_modes() const { return this->supported_swing_modes_; }
@@ -219,24 +218,20 @@ class ClimateTraits {
     }
   }
 
-  bool supports_current_temperature_{false};
+  uint32_t feature_flags_{0};
-  bool supports_current_humidity_{false};
-  bool supports_two_point_target_temperature_{false};
-  bool supports_target_humidity_{false};
-  std::set<climate::ClimateMode> supported_modes_ = {climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF};
-  bool supports_action_{false};
-  std::set<climate::ClimateFanMode> supported_fan_modes_;
-  std::set<climate::ClimateSwingMode> supported_swing_modes_;
-  std::set<climate::ClimatePreset> supported_presets_;
-  std::set<std::string> supported_custom_fan_modes_;
-  std::set<std::string> supported_custom_presets_;
-
   float visual_min_temperature_{10};
   float visual_max_temperature_{30};
   float visual_target_temperature_step_{0.1};
   float visual_current_temperature_step_{0.1};
   float visual_min_humidity_{30};
   float visual_max_humidity_{99};
+
+  std::set<climate::ClimateMode> supported_modes_ = {climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF};
+  std::set<climate::ClimateFanMode> supported_fan_modes_;
+  std::set<climate::ClimateSwingMode> supported_swing_modes_;
+  std::set<climate::ClimatePreset> supported_presets_;
+  std::set<std::string> supported_custom_fan_modes_;
+  std::set<std::string> supported_custom_presets_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace climate

esphome/components/climate_ir/climate_ir.cpp

@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@ static const char *const TAG = "climate_ir";
 
 climate::ClimateTraits ClimateIR::traits() {
   auto traits = climate::ClimateTraits();
-  traits.set_supports_current_temperature(this->sensor_ != nullptr);
+  if (this->sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    traits.add_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE);
+  }
+
   traits.set_supported_modes({climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL});
   if (this->supports_cool_)
     traits.add_supported_mode(climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL);
@@ -19,7 +22,6 @@ climate::ClimateTraits ClimateIR::traits() {
   if (this->supports_fan_only_)
     traits.add_supported_mode(climate::CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY);
 
-  traits.set_supports_two_point_target_temperature(false);
   traits.set_visual_min_temperature(this->minimum_temperature_);
   traits.set_visual_max_temperature(this->maximum_temperature_);
   traits.set_visual_temperature_step(this->temperature_step_);

esphome/components/cover/cover.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "cover.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include <strings.h>
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace cover {
@@ -144,21 +144,7 @@ CoverCall &CoverCall::set_stop(bool stop) {
 bool CoverCall::get_stop() const { return this->stop_; }
 
 CoverCall Cover::make_call() { return {this}; }
-void Cover::open() {
+
-  auto call = this->make_call();
-  call.set_command_open();
-  call.perform();
-}
-void Cover::close() {
-  auto call = this->make_call();
-  call.set_command_close();
-  call.perform();
-}
-void Cover::stop() {
-  auto call = this->make_call();
-  call.set_command_stop();
-  call.perform();
-}
 void Cover::add_on_state_callback(std::function<void()> &&f) { this->state_callback_.add(std::move(f)); }
 void Cover::publish_state(bool save) {
   this->position = clamp(this->position, 0.0f, 1.0f);

esphome/components/cover/cover.h

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
+
 #include "cover_traits.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -125,25 +126,6 @@ class Cover : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass {
 
   /// Construct a new cover call used to control the cover.
   CoverCall make_call();
-  /** Open the cover.
-   *
-   * This is a legacy method and may be removed later, please use `.make_call()` instead.
-   */
-  ESPDEPRECATED("open() is deprecated, use make_call().set_command_open().perform() instead.", "2021.9")
-  void open();
-  /** Close the cover.
-   *
-   * This is a legacy method and may be removed later, please use `.make_call()` instead.
-   */
-  ESPDEPRECATED("close() is deprecated, use make_call().set_command_close().perform() instead.", "2021.9")
-  void close();
-  /** Stop the cover.
-   *
-   * This is a legacy method and may be removed later, please use `.make_call()` instead.
-   * As per solution from issue #2885 the call should include perform()
-   */
-  ESPDEPRECATED("stop() is deprecated, use make_call().set_command_stop().perform() instead.", "2021.9")
-  void stop();
 
   void add_on_state_callback(std::function<void()> &&f);
 

esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.cpp

@@ -241,9 +241,7 @@ uint8_t DaikinArcClimate::humidity_() {
 
 climate::ClimateTraits DaikinArcClimate::traits() {
   climate::ClimateTraits traits = climate_ir::ClimateIR::traits();
-  traits.set_supports_current_temperature(true);
+  traits.add_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE | climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TARGET_HUMIDITY);
-  traits.set_supports_current_humidity(false);
-  traits.set_supports_target_humidity(true);
   traits.set_visual_min_humidity(38);
   traits.set_visual_max_humidity(52);
   return traits;

esphome/components/datetime/datetime_base.h

@@ -30,14 +30,12 @@ class DateTimeBase : public EntityBase {
 #endif
 };
 
-#ifdef USE_TIME
 class DateTimeStateTrigger : public Trigger<ESPTime> {
  public:
   explicit DateTimeStateTrigger(DateTimeBase *parent) {
     parent->add_on_state_callback([this, parent]() { this->trigger(parent->state_as_esptime()); });
   }
 };
-#endif
 
 }  // namespace datetime
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp

@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@
 #include <esp_chip_info.h>
 #include <esp_partition.h>
 
-#include <map>
-
 #ifdef USE_ARDUINO
 #include <Esp.h>
 #endif
@@ -125,7 +123,12 @@ void DebugComponent::log_partition_info_() {
 
 uint32_t DebugComponent::get_free_heap_() { return heap_caps_get_free_size(MALLOC_CAP_INTERNAL); }
 
-static const std::map<int, const char *> CHIP_FEATURES = {
+struct ChipFeature {
+  int bit;
+  const char *name;
+};
+
+static constexpr ChipFeature CHIP_FEATURES[] = {
     {CHIP_FEATURE_BLE, "BLE"},
     {CHIP_FEATURE_BT, "BT"},
     {CHIP_FEATURE_EMB_FLASH, "EMB Flash"},
@@ -170,11 +173,13 @@ void DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::string &device_info) {
   esp_chip_info(&info);
   const char *model = ESPHOME_VARIANT;
   std::string features;
-  for (auto feature : CHIP_FEATURES) {
+
-    if (info.features & feature.first) {
+  // Check each known feature bit
-      features += feature.second;
+  for (const auto &feature : CHIP_FEATURES) {
+    if (info.features & feature.bit) {
+      features += feature.name;
       features += ", ";
-      info.features &= ~feature.first;
+      info.features &= ~feature.bit;
     }
   }
   if (info.features != 0)

esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp

@@ -25,10 +25,37 @@ static void show_reset_reason(std::string &reset_reason, bool set, const char *r
   reset_reason += reason;
 }
 
-inline uint32_t read_mem_u32(uintptr_t addr) {
+static inline uint32_t read_mem_u32(uintptr_t addr) {
   return *reinterpret_cast<volatile uint32_t *>(addr);  // NOLINT(performance-no-int-to-ptr)
 }
 
+static inline uint8_t read_mem_u8(uintptr_t addr) {
+  return *reinterpret_cast<volatile uint8_t *>(addr);  // NOLINT(performance-no-int-to-ptr)
+}
+
+// defines from https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_nRF52_Bootloader which prints those information
+constexpr uint32_t SD_MAGIC_NUMBER = 0x51B1E5DB;
+constexpr uintptr_t MBR_SIZE = 0x1000;
+constexpr uintptr_t SOFTDEVICE_INFO_STRUCT_OFFSET = 0x2000;
+constexpr uintptr_t SD_ID_OFFSET = SOFTDEVICE_INFO_STRUCT_OFFSET + 0x10;
+constexpr uintptr_t SD_VERSION_OFFSET = SOFTDEVICE_INFO_STRUCT_OFFSET + 0x14;
+
+static inline bool is_sd_present() {
+  return read_mem_u32(SOFTDEVICE_INFO_STRUCT_OFFSET + MBR_SIZE + 4) == SD_MAGIC_NUMBER;
+}
+static inline uint32_t sd_id_get() {
+  if (read_mem_u8(MBR_SIZE + SOFTDEVICE_INFO_STRUCT_OFFSET) > (SD_ID_OFFSET - SOFTDEVICE_INFO_STRUCT_OFFSET)) {
+    return read_mem_u32(MBR_SIZE + SD_ID_OFFSET);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+static inline uint32_t sd_version_get() {
+  if (read_mem_u8(MBR_SIZE + SOFTDEVICE_INFO_STRUCT_OFFSET) > (SD_VERSION_OFFSET - SOFTDEVICE_INFO_STRUCT_OFFSET)) {
+    return read_mem_u32(MBR_SIZE + SD_VERSION_OFFSET);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
 std::string DebugComponent::get_reset_reason_() {
   uint32_t cause;
   auto ret = hwinfo_get_reset_cause(&cause);
@@ -271,6 +298,29 @@ void DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::string &device_info) {
            NRF_UICR->NRFFW[0]);
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "MBR param page addr 0x%08x, UICR param page addr 0x%08x", read_mem_u32(MBR_PARAM_PAGE_ADDR),
            NRF_UICR->NRFFW[1]);
+  if (is_sd_present()) {
+    uint32_t const sd_id = sd_id_get();
+    uint32_t const sd_version = sd_version_get();
+
+    uint32_t ver[3];
+    ver[0] = sd_version / 1000000;
+    ver[1] = (sd_version - ver[0] * 1000000) / 1000;
+    ver[2] = (sd_version - ver[0] * 1000000 - ver[1] * 1000);
+
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "SoftDevice: S%u %u.%u.%u", sd_id, ver[0], ver[1], ver[2]);
+#ifdef USE_SOFTDEVICE_ID
+#ifdef USE_SOFTDEVICE_VERSION
+    if (USE_SOFTDEVICE_ID != sd_id || USE_SOFTDEVICE_VERSION != ver[0]) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Built for SoftDevice S%u %u.x.y. It may crash due to mismatch of bootloader version.",
+               USE_SOFTDEVICE_ID, USE_SOFTDEVICE_VERSION);
+    }
+#else
+    if (USE_SOFTDEVICE_ID != sd_id) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Built for SoftDevice S%u. It may crash due to mismatch of bootloader version.", USE_SOFTDEVICE_ID);
+    }
+#endif
+#endif
+  }
 #endif
 }
 

esphome/components/demo/demo_climate.h

@@ -82,16 +82,14 @@ class DemoClimate : public climate::Climate, public Component {
     climate::ClimateTraits traits{};
     switch (type_) {
       case DemoClimateType::TYPE_1:
-        traits.set_supports_current_temperature(true);
+        traits.add_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE | climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_ACTION);
         traits.set_supported_modes({
             climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF,
             climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT,
         });
-        traits.set_supports_action(true);
         traits.set_visual_temperature_step(0.5);
         break;
       case DemoClimateType::TYPE_2:
-        traits.set_supports_current_temperature(false);
         traits.set_supported_modes({
             climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF,
             climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT,
@@ -100,7 +98,7 @@ class DemoClimate : public climate::Climate, public Component {
             climate::CLIMATE_MODE_DRY,
             climate::CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY,
         });
-        traits.set_supports_action(true);
+        traits.add_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_ACTION);
         traits.set_supported_fan_modes({
             climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON,
             climate::CLIMATE_FAN_OFF,
@@ -123,8 +121,8 @@ class DemoClimate : public climate::Climate, public Component {
         traits.set_supported_custom_presets({"My Preset"});
         break;
       case DemoClimateType::TYPE_3:
-        traits.set_supports_current_temperature(true);
+        traits.add_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE |
-        traits.set_supports_two_point_target_temperature(true);
+                                 climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE);
         traits.set_supported_modes({
             climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF,
             climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL,

esphome/components/display/display.cpp

@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ void Display::test_card() {
     int shift_y = (h - image_h) / 2;
     int line_w = (image_w - 6) / 6;
     int image_c = image_w / 2;
-    for (auto i = 0; i <= image_h; i++) {
+    for (auto i = 0; i != image_h; i++) {
       int c = esp_scale(i, image_h);
       this->horizontal_line(shift_x + 0, shift_y + i, line_w, r.fade_to_white(c));
       this->horizontal_line(shift_x + line_w, shift_y + i, line_w, r.fade_to_black(c));  //
@@ -809,8 +809,11 @@ void Display::test_card() {
       }
     }
   }
-  this->rectangle(0, 0, w, h, Color(127, 0, 127));
   this->filled_rectangle(0, 0, 10, 10, Color(255, 0, 255));
+  this->filled_rectangle(w - 10, 0, 10, 10, Color(255, 0, 255));
+  this->filled_rectangle(0, h - 10, 10, 10, Color(255, 0, 255));
+  this->filled_rectangle(w - 10, h - 10, 10, 10, Color(255, 0, 255));
+  this->rectangle(0, 0, w, h, Color(255, 255, 255));
   this->stop_poller();
 }
 

esphome/components/e131/e131.cpp

@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ void E131Component::add_effect(E131AddressableLightEffect *light_effect) {
     return;
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Registering '%s' for universes %d-%d.", light_effect->get_name().c_str(),
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Registering '%s' for universes %d-%d.", light_effect->get_name(), light_effect->get_first_universe(),
-           light_effect->get_first_universe(), light_effect->get_last_universe());
+           light_effect->get_last_universe());
 
   light_effects_.insert(light_effect);
 
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ void E131Component::remove_effect(E131AddressableLightEffect *light_effect) {
     return;
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Unregistering '%s' for universes %d-%d.", light_effect->get_name().c_str(),
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Unregistering '%s' for universes %d-%d.", light_effect->get_name(), light_effect->get_first_universe(),
-           light_effect->get_first_universe(), light_effect->get_last_universe());
+           light_effect->get_last_universe());
 
   light_effects_.erase(light_effect);
 

esphome/components/e131/e131_addressable_light_effect.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace e131 {
 static const char *const TAG = "e131_addressable_light_effect";
 static const int MAX_DATA_SIZE = (sizeof(E131Packet::values) - 1);
 
-E131AddressableLightEffect::E131AddressableLightEffect(const std::string &name) : AddressableLightEffect(name) {}
+E131AddressableLightEffect::E131AddressableLightEffect(const char *name) : AddressableLightEffect(name) {}
 
 int E131AddressableLightEffect::get_data_per_universe() const { return get_lights_per_universe() * channels_; }
 
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ bool E131AddressableLightEffect::process_(int universe, const E131Packet &packet
       std::min(it->size(), std::min(output_offset + get_lights_per_universe(), output_offset + packet.count - 1));
   auto *input_data = packet.values + 1;
 
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Applying data for '%s' on %d universe, for %" PRId32 "-%d.", get_name().c_str(), universe,
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Applying data for '%s' on %d universe, for %" PRId32 "-%d.", get_name(), universe, output_offset,
-           output_offset, output_end);
+           output_end);
 
   switch (channels_) {
     case E131_MONO:

esphome/components/e131/e131_addressable_light_effect.h

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ enum E131LightChannels { E131_MONO = 1, E131_RGB = 3, E131_RGBW = 4 };
 
 class E131AddressableLightEffect : public light::AddressableLightEffect {
  public:
-  E131AddressableLightEffect(const std::string &name);
+  E131AddressableLightEffect(const char *name);
 
   void start() override;
   void stop() override;

esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi.cpp

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ bool EPaperBase::is_idle_() {
   if (this->busy_pin_ == nullptr) {
     return true;
   }
-  return !this->busy_pin_->digital_read();
+  return this->busy_pin_->digital_read();
 }
 
 void EPaperBase::reset() {

esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import contextlib
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 import itertools
 import logging
@@ -102,6 +103,10 @@ COMPILER_OPTIMIZATIONS = {
     "SIZE": "CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_SIZE",
 }
 
+# Socket limit configuration for ESP-IDF
+# ESP-IDF CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS has range 1-253, default 10
+DEFAULT_MAX_SOCKETS = 10  # ESP-IDF default
+
 ARDUINO_ALLOWED_VARIANTS = [
     VARIANT_ESP32,
     VARIANT_ESP32C3,
@@ -545,6 +550,32 @@ CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_BRIDGE_INTERFACE = "enable_lwip_bridge_interface"
 CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_TCPIP_CORE_LOCKING = "enable_lwip_tcpip_core_locking"
 CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_CHECK_THREAD_SAFETY = "enable_lwip_check_thread_safety"
 CONF_DISABLE_LIBC_LOCKS_IN_IRAM = "disable_libc_locks_in_iram"
+CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS = "disable_vfs_support_termios"
+CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT = "disable_vfs_support_select"
+CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR = "disable_vfs_support_dir"
+
+# VFS requirement tracking
+# Components that need VFS features can call require_vfs_select() or require_vfs_dir()
+KEY_VFS_SELECT_REQUIRED = "vfs_select_required"
+KEY_VFS_DIR_REQUIRED = "vfs_dir_required"
+
+
+def require_vfs_select() -> None:
+    """Mark that VFS select support is required by a component.
+
+    Call this from components that use esp_vfs_eventfd or other VFS select features.
+    This prevents CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT from being disabled.
+    """
+    CORE.data[KEY_VFS_SELECT_REQUIRED] = True
+
+
+def require_vfs_dir() -> None:
+    """Mark that VFS directory support is required by a component.
+
+    Call this from components that use directory functions (opendir, readdir, mkdir, etc.).
+    This prevents CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR from being disabled.
+    """
+    CORE.data[KEY_VFS_DIR_REQUIRED] = True
 
 
 def _validate_idf_component(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
@@ -610,6 +641,13 @@ FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                     cv.Optional(
                         CONF_DISABLE_LIBC_LOCKS_IN_IRAM, default=True
                     ): cv.boolean,
+                    cv.Optional(
+                        CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS, default=True
+                    ): cv.boolean,
+                    cv.Optional(
+                        CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT, default=True
+                    ): cv.boolean,
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR, default=True): cv.boolean,
                     cv.Optional(CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM): cv.boolean,
                 }
             ),
@@ -746,6 +784,72 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(final_validate)
 
 
+def _configure_lwip_max_sockets(conf: dict) -> None:
+    """Calculate and set CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS based on component needs.
+
+    Socket component tracks consumer needs via consume_sockets() called during config validation.
+    This function runs in to_code() after all components have registered their socket needs.
+    User-provided sdkconfig_options take precedence.
+    """
+    from esphome.components.socket import KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS
+
+    # Check if user manually specified CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS
+    user_max_sockets = conf.get(CONF_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS, {}).get(
+        "CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS"
+    )
+
+    socket_consumers: dict[str, int] = CORE.data.get(KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS, {})
+    total_sockets = sum(socket_consumers.values())
+
+    # Early return if no sockets registered and no user override
+    if total_sockets == 0 and user_max_sockets is None:
+        return
+
+    components_list = ", ".join(
+        f"{name}={count}" for name, count in sorted(socket_consumers.items())
+    )
+
+    # User specified their own value - respect it but warn if insufficient
+    if user_max_sockets is not None:
+        _LOGGER.info(
+            "Using user-provided CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS: %s",
+            user_max_sockets,
+        )
+
+        # Warn if user's value is less than what components need
+        if total_sockets > 0:
+            user_sockets_int = 0
+            with contextlib.suppress(ValueError, TypeError):
+                user_sockets_int = int(user_max_sockets)
+
+            if user_sockets_int < total_sockets:
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS is set to %d but your configuration "
+                    "needs %d sockets (registered: %s). You may experience socket "
+                    "exhaustion errors. Consider increasing to at least %d.",
+                    user_sockets_int,
+                    total_sockets,
+                    components_list,
+                    total_sockets,
+                )
+        # User's value already added via sdkconfig_options processing
+        return
+
+    # Auto-calculate based on component needs
+    # Use at least the ESP-IDF default (10), or the total needed by components
+    max_sockets = max(DEFAULT_MAX_SOCKETS, total_sockets)
+
+    log_level = logging.INFO if max_sockets > DEFAULT_MAX_SOCKETS else logging.DEBUG
+    _LOGGER.log(
+        log_level,
+        "Setting CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS to %d (registered: %s)",
+        max_sockets,
+        components_list,
+    )
+
+    add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS", max_sockets)
+
+
 async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_platformio_option("board", config[CONF_BOARD])
     cg.add_platformio_option("board_upload.flash_size", config[CONF_FLASH_SIZE])
@@ -773,12 +877,27 @@ async def to_code(config):
     for clean_var in ("IDF_PATH", "IDF_TOOLS_PATH"):
         os.environ.pop(clean_var, None)
 
+    # Set the location of the IDF component manager cache
+    os.environ["IDF_COMPONENT_CACHE_PATH"] = str(
+        CORE.relative_internal_path(".espressif")
+    )
+
     add_extra_script(
         "post",
         "post_build.py",
         Path(__file__).parent / "post_build.py.script",
     )
 
+    # In testing mode, add IRAM fix script to allow linking grouped component tests
+    # Similar to ESP8266's approach but for ESP-IDF
+    if CORE.testing_mode:
+        cg.add_build_flag("-DESPHOME_TESTING_MODE")
+        add_extra_script(
+            "pre",
+            "iram_fix.py",
+            Path(__file__).parent / "iram_fix.py.script",
+        )
+
     if conf[CONF_TYPE] == FRAMEWORK_ESP_IDF:
         cg.add_platformio_option("framework", "espidf")
         cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_ESP_IDF")
@@ -805,6 +924,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_AUTOSTART_ARDUINO", True)
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_PSK_MODES", True)
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE", True)
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_PHY_REDUCE_TX_POWER", True)
 
     cg.add_build_flag("-Wno-nonnull-compare")
 
@@ -828,6 +948,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
     # Disable dynamic log level control to save memory
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LOG_DYNAMIC_LEVEL_CONTROL", False)
 
+    # Reduce PHY TX power in the event of a brownout
+    add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_PHY_REDUCE_TX_POWER", True)
+
     # Set default CPU frequency
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
         f"CONFIG_ESP_DEFAULT_CPU_FREQ_MHZ_{config[CONF_CPU_FREQUENCY][:-3]}", True
@@ -852,6 +975,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_DNS_SUPPORT_MDNS_QUERIES", False)
     if not advanced.get(CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_BRIDGE_INTERFACE, False):
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_BRIDGEIF_MAX_PORTS", 0)
+
+    _configure_lwip_max_sockets(conf)
+
     if advanced.get(CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM, False):
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SPIRAM_FETCH_INSTRUCTIONS", True)
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SPIRAM_RODATA", True)
@@ -874,6 +1000,43 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if advanced.get(CONF_DISABLE_LIBC_LOCKS_IN_IRAM, True):
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LIBC_LOCKS_PLACE_IN_IRAM", False)
 
+    # Disable VFS support for termios (terminal I/O functions)
+    # ESPHome doesn't use termios functions on ESP32 (only used in host UART driver).
+    # Saves approximately 1.8KB of flash when disabled (default).
+    add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+        "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS",
+        not advanced.get(CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS, True),
+    )
+
+    # Disable VFS support for select() with file descriptors
+    # ESPHome only uses select() with sockets via lwip_select(), which still works.
+    # VFS select is only needed for UART/eventfd file descriptors.
+    # Components that need it (e.g., openthread) call require_vfs_select().
+    # Saves approximately 2.7KB of flash when disabled (default).
+    if CORE.data.get(KEY_VFS_SELECT_REQUIRED, False):
+        # Component requires VFS select - force enable regardless of user setting
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT", True)
+    else:
+        # No component needs it - allow user to control (default: disabled)
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+            "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT",
+            not advanced.get(CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT, True),
+        )
+
+    # Disable VFS support for directory functions (opendir, readdir, mkdir, etc.)
+    # ESPHome doesn't use directory functions on ESP32.
+    # Components that need it (e.g., storage components) call require_vfs_dir().
+    # Saves approximately 0.5KB+ of flash when disabled (default).
+    if CORE.data.get(KEY_VFS_DIR_REQUIRED, False):
+        # Component requires VFS directory support - force enable regardless of user setting
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR", True)
+    else:
+        # No component needs it - allow user to control (default: disabled)
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+            "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR",
+            not advanced.get(CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR, True),
+        )
+
     cg.add_platformio_option("board_build.partitions", "partitions.csv")
     if CONF_PARTITIONS in config:
         add_extra_build_file(

esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
 #include <freertos/task.h>
 #include <esp_idf_version.h>
+#include <esp_ota_ops.h>
 #include <esp_task_wdt.h>
 #include <esp_timer.h>
 #include <soc/rtc.h>
@@ -52,6 +53,16 @@ void arch_init() {
   disableCore1WDT();
 #endif
 #endif
+
+  // If the bootloader was compiled with CONFIG_BOOTLOADER_APP_ROLLBACK_ENABLE the current
+  // partition will get rolled back unless it is marked as valid.
+  esp_ota_img_states_t state;
+  const esp_partition_t *running = esp_ota_get_running_partition();
+  if (esp_ota_get_state_partition(running, &state) == ESP_OK) {
+    if (state == ESP_OTA_IMG_PENDING_VERIFY) {
+      esp_ota_mark_app_valid_cancel_rollback();
+    }
+  }
 }
 void IRAM_ATTR HOT arch_feed_wdt() { esp_task_wdt_reset(); }
 

esphome/components/esp32/iram_fix.py.script

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import os
+import re
+
+# pylint: disable=E0602
+Import("env")  # noqa
+
+# IRAM size for testing mode (2MB - large enough to accommodate grouped tests)
+TESTING_IRAM_SIZE = 0x200000
+
+
+def patch_idf_linker_script(source, target, env):
+    """Patch ESP-IDF linker script to increase IRAM size for testing mode."""
+    # Check if we're in testing mode by looking for the define
+    build_flags = env.get("BUILD_FLAGS", [])
+    testing_mode = any("-DESPHOME_TESTING_MODE" in flag for flag in build_flags)
+
+    if not testing_mode:
+        return
+
+    # For ESP-IDF, the linker scripts are generated in the build directory
+    build_dir = env.subst("$BUILD_DIR")
+
+    # The memory.ld file is directly in the build directory
+    memory_ld = os.path.join(build_dir, "memory.ld")
+
+    if not os.path.exists(memory_ld):
+        print(f"ESPHome: Warning - could not find linker script at {memory_ld}")
+        return
+
+    try:
+        with open(memory_ld, "r") as f:
+            content = f.read()
+    except OSError as e:
+        print(f"ESPHome: Error reading linker script: {e}")
+        return
+
+    # Check if this file contains iram0_0_seg
+    if 'iram0_0_seg' not in content:
+        print(f"ESPHome: Warning - iram0_0_seg not found in {memory_ld}")
+        return
+
+    # Look for iram0_0_seg definition and increase its length
+    # ESP-IDF format can be:
+    #   iram0_0_seg (RX) : org = 0x40080000, len = 0x20000 + 0x0
+    # or more complex with nested parentheses:
+    #   iram0_0_seg (RX) : org = (0x40370000 + 0x4000), len = (((0x403CB700 - (0x40378000 - 0x3FC88000)) - 0x3FC88000) + 0x8000 - 0x4000)
+    # We want to change len to TESTING_IRAM_SIZE for testing
+
+    # Use a more robust approach: find the line and manually parse it
+    lines = content.split('\n')
+    for i, line in enumerate(lines):
+        if 'iram0_0_seg' in line and 'len' in line:
+            # Find the position of "len = " and replace everything after it until the end of the statement
+            match = re.search(r'(iram0_0_seg\s*\([^)]*\)\s*:\s*org\s*=\s*(?:\([^)]+\)|0x[0-9a-fA-F]+)\s*,\s*len\s*=\s*)(.+?)(\s*)$', line)
+            if match:
+                lines[i] = f"{match.group(1)}{TESTING_IRAM_SIZE:#x}{match.group(3)}"
+                break
+
+    updated = '\n'.join(lines)
+
+    if updated != content:
+        with open(memory_ld, "w") as f:
+            f.write(updated)
+        print(f"ESPHome: Patched IRAM size to {TESTING_IRAM_SIZE:#x} in {memory_ld} for testing mode")
+    else:
+        print(f"ESPHome: Warning - could not patch iram0_0_seg in {memory_ld}")
+
+
+# Hook into the build process before linking
+# For ESP-IDF, we need to run this after the linker scripts are generated
+env.AddPreAction("$BUILD_DIR/${PROGNAME}.elf", patch_idf_linker_script)

esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h

@@ -61,12 +61,7 @@ class BLEClientBase : public espbt::ESPBTClient, public Component {
       this->address_str_ = "";
     } else {
       char buf[18];
-      uint8_t mac[6] = {
+      format_mac_addr_upper(this->remote_bda_, buf);
-          (uint8_t) ((this->address_ >> 40) & 0xff), (uint8_t) ((this->address_ >> 32) & 0xff),
-          (uint8_t) ((this->address_ >> 24) & 0xff), (uint8_t) ((this->address_ >> 16) & 0xff),
-          (uint8_t) ((this->address_ >> 8) & 0xff),  (uint8_t) ((this->address_ >> 0) & 0xff),
-      };
-      format_mac_addr_upper(mac, buf);
       this->address_str_ = buf;
     }
   }

esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MODE, CONF_PORT
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ayufan"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["camera"]
@@ -13,13 +14,27 @@ Mode = esp32_camera_web_server_ns.enum("Mode")
 
 MODES = {"STREAM": Mode.STREAM, "SNAPSHOT": Mode.SNAPSHOT}
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+
-    {
+def _consume_camera_web_server_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(CameraWebServer),
+    """Register socket needs for camera web server."""
-        cv.Required(CONF_PORT): cv.port,
+    from esphome.components import socket
-        cv.Required(CONF_MODE): cv.enum(MODES, upper=True),
+
-    },
+    # Each camera web server instance needs 1 listening socket + 2 client connections
-).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    sockets_needed = 3
+    socket.consume_sockets(sockets_needed, "esp32_camera_web_server")(config)
+    return config
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(CameraWebServer),
+            cv.Required(CONF_PORT): cv.port,
+            cv.Required(CONF_MODE): cv.enum(MODES, upper=True),
+        },
+    ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    _consume_camera_web_server_sockets,
+)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):

esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if framework_ver >= cv.Version(5, 5, 0):
         esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_wifi_remote", ref="1.1.5")
         esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/eppp_link", ref="1.1.3")
-        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_hosted", ref="2.5.11")
+        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_hosted", ref="2.6.1")
     else:
         esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_wifi_remote", ref="0.13.0")
         esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/eppp_link", ref="0.2.0")

esphome/components/esp32_improv/__init__.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import binary_sensor, esp32_ble, output
+from esphome.components import binary_sensor, esp32_ble, improv_base, output
 from esphome.components.esp32_ble import BTLoggers
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_STATE, CONF_TRIGGER_ID
 
-AUTO_LOAD = ["esp32_ble_server"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["esp32_ble_server", "improv_base"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["wifi", "esp32"]
 
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ CONF_ON_STOP = "on_stop"
 CONF_STATUS_INDICATOR = "status_indicator"
 CONF_WIFI_TIMEOUT = "wifi_timeout"
 
+
 improv_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("improv")
 Error = improv_ns.enum("Error")
 State = improv_ns.enum("State")
@@ -43,55 +44,63 @@ ESP32ImprovStoppedTrigger = esp32_improv_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
-    {
+    cv.Schema(
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ESP32ImprovComponent),
+        {
-        cv.Required(CONF_AUTHORIZER): cv.Any(
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ESP32ImprovComponent),
-            cv.none, cv.use_id(binary_sensor.BinarySensor)
+            cv.Required(CONF_AUTHORIZER): cv.Any(
-        ),
+                cv.none, cv.use_id(binary_sensor.BinarySensor)
-        cv.Optional(CONF_STATUS_INDICATOR): cv.use_id(output.BinaryOutput),
+            ),
-        cv.Optional(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_STATUS_INDICATOR): cv.use_id(output.BinaryOutput),
-            CONF_IDENTIFY_DURATION, default="10s"
+            cv.Optional(
-        ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+                CONF_IDENTIFY_DURATION, default="10s"
-        cv.Optional(
+            ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-            CONF_AUTHORIZED_DURATION, default="1min"
+            cv.Optional(
-        ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+                CONF_AUTHORIZED_DURATION, default="1min"
-        cv.Optional(
+            ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-            CONF_WIFI_TIMEOUT, default="1min"
+            cv.Optional(
-        ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+                CONF_WIFI_TIMEOUT, default="1min"
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_PROVISIONED): automation.validate_automation(
+            ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-            {
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_PROVISIONED): automation.validate_automation(
-                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
+                {
-                    ESP32ImprovProvisionedTrigger
+                    cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
-                ),
+                        ESP32ImprovProvisionedTrigger
-            }
+                    ),
-        ),
+                }
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_PROVISIONING): automation.validate_automation(
+            ),
-            {
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_PROVISIONING): automation.validate_automation(
-                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
+                {
-                    ESP32ImprovProvisioningTrigger
+                    cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
-                ),
+                        ESP32ImprovProvisioningTrigger
-            }
+                    ),
-        ),
+                }
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_START): automation.validate_automation(
+            ),
-            {
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_START): automation.validate_automation(
-                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(ESP32ImprovStartTrigger),
+                {
-            }
+                    cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
-        ),
+                        ESP32ImprovStartTrigger
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_STATE): automation.validate_automation(
+                    ),
-            {
+                }
-                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(ESP32ImprovStateTrigger),
+            ),
-            }
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_STATE): automation.validate_automation(
-        ),
+                {
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_STOP): automation.validate_automation(
+                    cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
-            {
+                        ESP32ImprovStateTrigger
-                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
+                    ),
-                    ESP32ImprovStoppedTrigger
+                }
-                ),
+            ),
-            }
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_STOP): automation.validate_automation(
-        ),
+                {
-    }
+                    cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
-).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+                        ESP32ImprovStoppedTrigger
+                    ),
+                }
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(improv_base.IMPROV_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
@@ -102,7 +111,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     cg.add_define("USE_IMPROV")
-    cg.add_library("improv/Improv", "1.2.4")
+
+    await improv_base.setup_improv_core(var, config, "esp32_improv")
 
     cg.add(var.set_identify_duration(config[CONF_IDENTIFY_DURATION]))
     cg.add(var.set_authorized_duration(config[CONF_AUTHORIZED_DURATION]))

esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #include "esp32_improv_component.h"
 
+#include "esphome/components/bytebuffer/bytebuffer.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_2902.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
-#include "esphome/components/bytebuffer/bytebuffer.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
@@ -384,17 +384,34 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::check_wifi_connection_() {
     this->connecting_sta_ = {};
     this->cancel_timeout("wifi-connect-timeout");
 
-    std::vector<std::string> urls = {ESPHOME_MY_LINK};
+    // Build URL list with minimal allocations
+    // Maximum 3 URLs: custom next_url + ESPHOME_MY_LINK + webserver URL
+    std::string url_strings[3];
+    size_t url_count = 0;
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_IMPROV_NEXT_URL
+    // Add next_url if configured (should be first per Improv BLE spec)
+    std::string next_url = this->get_formatted_next_url_();
+    if (!next_url.empty()) {
+      url_strings[url_count++] = std::move(next_url);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // Add default URLs for backward compatibility
+    url_strings[url_count++] = ESPHOME_MY_LINK;
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER
     for (auto &ip : wifi::global_wifi_component->wifi_sta_ip_addresses()) {
       if (ip.is_ip4()) {
-        std::string webserver_url = "http://" + ip.str() + ":" + to_string(USE_WEBSERVER_PORT);
+        char url_buffer[64];
-        urls.push_back(webserver_url);
+        snprintf(url_buffer, sizeof(url_buffer), "http://%s:%d", ip.str().c_str(), USE_WEBSERVER_PORT);
+        url_strings[url_count++] = url_buffer;
         break;
       }
     }
 #endif
-    std::vector<uint8_t> data = improv::build_rpc_response(improv::WIFI_SETTINGS, urls);
+    // Pass to build_rpc_response using vector constructor from iterators to avoid extra copies
+    std::vector<uint8_t> data = improv::build_rpc_response(
+        improv::WIFI_SETTINGS, std::vector<std::string>(url_strings, url_strings + url_count));
     this->send_response_(data);
   } else if (this->is_active() && this->state_ != improv::STATE_PROVISIONED) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "WiFi provisioned externally");

esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.h

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server.h"
+#include "esphome/components/improv_base/improv_base.h"
 #include "esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_IMPROV_STATE_CALLBACK
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ namespace esp32_improv {
 
 using namespace esp32_ble_server;
 
-class ESP32ImprovComponent : public Component {
+class ESP32ImprovComponent : public Component, public improv_base::ImprovBase {
  public:
   ESP32ImprovComponent();
   void dump_config() override;

esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py

@@ -190,7 +190,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_VARIANT", "ESP8266")
     cg.add_define(ThreadModel.SINGLE)
 
-    cg.add_platformio_option("extra_scripts", ["post:post_build.py"])
+    cg.add_platformio_option(
+        "extra_scripts", ["pre:testing_mode.py", "post:post_build.py"]
+    )
 
     conf = config[CONF_FRAMEWORK]
     cg.add_platformio_option("framework", "arduino")
@@ -230,6 +232,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     # For cases where nullptrs can be handled, use nothrow: `new (std::nothrow) T;`
     cg.add_build_flag("-DNEW_OOM_ABORT")
 
+    # In testing mode, fake larger memory to allow linking grouped component tests
+    # Real ESP8266 hardware only has 32KB IRAM and ~80KB RAM, but for CI testing
+    # we pretend it has much larger memory to test that components compile together
+    if CORE.testing_mode:
+        cg.add_build_flag("-DESPHOME_TESTING_MODE")
+
     cg.add_platformio_option("board_build.flash_mode", config[CONF_BOARD_FLASH_MODE])
 
     ver: cv.Version = CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION]
@@ -265,3 +273,8 @@ def copy_files():
         post_build_file,
         CORE.relative_build_path("post_build.py"),
     )
+    testing_mode_file = dir / "testing_mode.py.script"
+    copy_file_if_changed(
+        testing_mode_file,
+        CORE.relative_build_path("testing_mode.py"),
+    )

esphome/components/esp8266/testing_mode.py.script

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+import os
+import re
+
+# pylint: disable=E0602
+Import("env")  # noqa
+
+
+# Memory sizes for testing mode (allow larger builds for CI component grouping)
+TESTING_IRAM_SIZE = "0x200000"  # 2MB
+TESTING_DRAM_SIZE = "0x200000"  # 2MB
+TESTING_FLASH_SIZE = "0x2000000"  # 32MB
+
+
+def patch_segment_size(content, segment_name, new_size, label):
+    """Patch a memory segment's length in linker script.
+
+    Args:
+        content: Linker script content
+        segment_name: Name of the segment (e.g., 'iram1_0_seg')
+        new_size: New size as hex string (e.g., '0x200000')
+        label: Human-readable label for logging (e.g., 'IRAM')
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of (patched_content, was_patched)
+    """
+    # Match: segment_name : org = 0x..., len = 0x...
+    pattern = rf"({segment_name}\s*:\s*org\s*=\s*0x[0-9a-fA-F]+\s*,\s*len\s*=\s*)0x[0-9a-fA-F]+"
+    new_content = re.sub(pattern, rf"\g<1>{new_size}", content)
+    return new_content, new_content != content
+
+
+def apply_memory_patches(content):
+    """Apply IRAM, DRAM, and Flash patches to linker script content.
+
+    Args:
+        content: Linker script content as string
+
+    Returns:
+        Patched content as string
+    """
+    patches_applied = []
+
+    # Patch IRAM (for larger code in IRAM)
+    content, patched = patch_segment_size(content, "iram1_0_seg", TESTING_IRAM_SIZE, "IRAM")
+    if patched:
+        patches_applied.append("IRAM")
+
+    # Patch DRAM (for larger BSS/data sections)
+    content, patched = patch_segment_size(content, "dram0_0_seg", TESTING_DRAM_SIZE, "DRAM")
+    if patched:
+        patches_applied.append("DRAM")
+
+    # Patch Flash (for larger code sections)
+    content, patched = patch_segment_size(content, "irom0_0_seg", TESTING_FLASH_SIZE, "Flash")
+    if patched:
+        patches_applied.append("Flash")
+
+    if patches_applied:
+        iram_mb = int(TESTING_IRAM_SIZE, 16) // (1024 * 1024)
+        dram_mb = int(TESTING_DRAM_SIZE, 16) // (1024 * 1024)
+        flash_mb = int(TESTING_FLASH_SIZE, 16) // (1024 * 1024)
+        print(f"  Patched memory segments: {', '.join(patches_applied)} (IRAM/DRAM: {iram_mb}MB, Flash: {flash_mb}MB)")
+
+    return content
+
+
+def patch_linker_script_file(filepath, description):
+    """Patch a linker script file in the build directory with enlarged memory segments.
+
+    This function modifies linker scripts in the build directory only (never SDK files).
+    It patches IRAM, DRAM, and Flash segments to allow larger builds in testing mode.
+
+    Args:
+        filepath: Path to the linker script file in the build directory
+        description: Human-readable description for logging
+
+    Returns:
+        True if the file was patched, False if already patched or not found
+    """
+    if not os.path.exists(filepath):
+        print(f"ESPHome: {description} not found at {filepath}")
+        return False
+
+    print(f"ESPHome: Patching {description}...")
+    with open(filepath, "r") as f:
+        content = f.read()
+
+    patched_content = apply_memory_patches(content)
+
+    if patched_content != content:
+        with open(filepath, "w") as f:
+            f.write(patched_content)
+        print(f"ESPHome: Successfully patched {description}")
+        return True
+    else:
+        print(f"ESPHome: {description} already patched or no changes needed")
+        return False
+
+
+def patch_local_linker_script(source, target, env):
+    """Patch the local.eagle.app.v6.common.ld in build directory.
+
+    This patches the preprocessed linker script that PlatformIO creates in the build
+    directory, enlarging IRAM, DRAM, and Flash segments for testing mode.
+
+    Args:
+        source: SCons source nodes
+        target: SCons target nodes
+        env: SCons environment
+    """
+    # Check if we're in testing mode
+    build_flags = env.get("BUILD_FLAGS", [])
+    testing_mode = any("-DESPHOME_TESTING_MODE" in flag for flag in build_flags)
+
+    if not testing_mode:
+        return
+
+    # Patch the local linker script if it exists
+    build_dir = env.subst("$BUILD_DIR")
+    ld_dir = os.path.join(build_dir, "ld")
+    if os.path.exists(ld_dir):
+        local_ld = os.path.join(ld_dir, "local.eagle.app.v6.common.ld")
+        if os.path.exists(local_ld):
+            patch_linker_script_file(local_ld, "local.eagle.app.v6.common.ld")
+
+
+# Check if we're in testing mode
+build_flags = env.get("BUILD_FLAGS", [])
+testing_mode = any("-DESPHOME_TESTING_MODE" in flag for flag in build_flags)
+
+if testing_mode:
+    # Create a custom linker script in the build directory with patched memory limits
+    # This allows larger IRAM/DRAM/Flash for CI component grouping tests
+    build_dir = env.subst("$BUILD_DIR")
+    ldscript = env.GetProjectOption("board_build.ldscript", "")
+    assert ldscript, "No linker script configured in board_build.ldscript"
+
+    framework_dir = env.PioPlatform().get_package_dir("framework-arduinoespressif8266")
+    assert framework_dir is not None, "Could not find framework-arduinoespressif8266 package"
+
+    # Read the original SDK linker script (read-only, SDK is never modified)
+    sdk_ld = os.path.join(framework_dir, "tools", "sdk", "ld", ldscript)
+    # Create a custom version in the build directory (isolated, temporary)
+    custom_ld = os.path.join(build_dir, f"testing_{ldscript}")
+
+    if os.path.exists(sdk_ld) and not os.path.exists(custom_ld):
+        # Read the SDK linker script
+        with open(sdk_ld, "r") as f:
+            content = f.read()
+
+        # Apply memory patches (IRAM: 2MB, DRAM: 2MB, Flash: 32MB)
+        patched_content = apply_memory_patches(content)
+
+        # Write the patched linker script to the build directory
+        with open(custom_ld, "w") as f:
+            f.write(patched_content)
+
+        print(f"ESPHome: Created custom linker script: {custom_ld}")
+
+    # Tell the linker to use our custom script from the build directory
+    assert os.path.exists(custom_ld), f"Custom linker script not found: {custom_ld}"
+    env.Replace(LDSCRIPT_PATH=custom_ld)
+    print(f"ESPHome: Using custom linker script with patched memory limits")
+
+    # Also patch local.eagle.app.v6.common.ld after PlatformIO creates it
+    env.AddPreAction("$BUILD_DIR/${PROGNAME}.elf", patch_local_linker_script)

esphome/components/esphome/ota/__init__.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -102,7 +103,16 @@ def ota_esphome_final_validate(config):
         )
 
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+def _consume_ota_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Register socket needs for OTA component."""
+    from esphome.components import socket
+
+    # OTA needs 1 listening socket (client connections are temporary during updates)
+    socket.consume_sockets(1, "ota")(config)
+    return config
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ESPHomeOTAComponent),
@@ -129,18 +139,20 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
         }
     )
     .extend(BASE_OTA_SCHEMA)
-    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    _consume_ota_sockets,
 )
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = ota_esphome_final_validate
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.OTA_UPDATES)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_port(config[CONF_PORT]))
 
-    if CONF_PASSWORD in config:
+    # Password could be set to an empty string and we can assume that means no password
+    if config.get(CONF_PASSWORD):
         cg.add(var.set_auth_password(config[CONF_PASSWORD]))
         cg.add_define("USE_OTA_PASSWORD")
         # Only include hash algorithms when password is configured

esphome/components/espnow/automation.h

@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SendAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parente
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::vector<uint8_t>, data);
 
  public:
-  void add_on_sent(const std::vector<Action<Ts...> *> &actions) {
+  void add_on_sent(const std::initializer_list<Action<Ts...> *> &actions) {
     this->sent_.add_actions(actions);
     if (this->flags_.wait_for_sent) {
       this->sent_.add_action(new LambdaAction<Ts...>([this](Ts... x) { this->play_next_(x...); }));
     }
   }
-  void add_on_error(const std::vector<Action<Ts...> *> &actions) {
+  void add_on_error(const std::initializer_list<Action<Ts...> *> &actions) {
     this->error_.add_actions(actions);
     if (this->flags_.wait_for_sent) {
       this->error_.add_action(new LambdaAction<Ts...>([this](Ts... x) {

esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""ESP-NOW transport platform for packet_transport component."""
+
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.packet_transport import (
+    PacketTransport,
+    new_packet_transport,
+    transport_schema,
+)
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.core import HexInt
+from esphome.cpp_types import PollingComponent
+
+from .. import ESPNowComponent, espnow_ns
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@EasilyBoredEngineer"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["espnow"]
+
+ESPNowTransport = espnow_ns.class_("ESPNowTransport", PacketTransport, PollingComponent)
+
+CONF_ESPNOW_ID = "espnow_id"
+CONF_PEER_ADDRESS = "peer_address"
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = transport_schema(ESPNowTransport).extend(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_ESPNOW_ID): cv.use_id(ESPNowComponent),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PEER_ADDRESS, default="FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF"): cv.mac_address,
+    }
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    """Set up the ESP-NOW transport component."""
+    var, _ = await new_packet_transport(config)
+
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ESPNOW_ID])
+
+    # Set peer address - convert MAC to parts array like ESP-NOW does
+    mac = config[CONF_PEER_ADDRESS]
+    cg.add(var.set_peer_address([HexInt(x) for x in mac.parts]))

esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/espnow_transport.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#include "espnow_transport.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace espnow {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "espnow.transport";
+
+bool ESPNowTransport::should_send() { return this->parent_ != nullptr && !this->parent_->is_failed(); }
+
+void ESPNowTransport::setup() {
+  packet_transport::PacketTransport::setup();
+
+  if (this->parent_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "ESPNow component not set");
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Registering ESP-NOW handlers");
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Peer address: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X", this->peer_address_[0], this->peer_address_[1],
+           this->peer_address_[2], this->peer_address_[3], this->peer_address_[4], this->peer_address_[5]);
+
+  // Register received handler
+  this->parent_->register_received_handler(static_cast<ESPNowReceivedPacketHandler *>(this));
+
+  // Register broadcasted handler
+  this->parent_->register_broadcasted_handler(static_cast<ESPNowBroadcastedHandler *>(this));
+}
+
+void ESPNowTransport::update() {
+  packet_transport::PacketTransport::update();
+  this->updated_ = true;
+}
+
+void ESPNowTransport::send_packet(const std::vector<uint8_t> &buf) const {
+  if (this->parent_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "ESPNow component not set");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (buf.empty()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Attempted to send empty packet");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (buf.size() > ESP_NOW_MAX_DATA_LEN) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Packet too large: %zu bytes (max %d)", buf.size(), ESP_NOW_MAX_DATA_LEN);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Send to configured peer address
+  this->parent_->send(this->peer_address_.data(), buf.data(), buf.size(), [](esp_err_t err) {
+    if (err != ESP_OK) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Send failed: %d", err);
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+bool ESPNowTransport::on_received(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t size) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received packet of size %u from %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X", size, info.src_addr[0],
+           info.src_addr[1], info.src_addr[2], info.src_addr[3], info.src_addr[4], info.src_addr[5]);
+
+  if (data == nullptr || size == 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Received empty or null packet");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  this->packet_buffer_.resize(size);
+  memcpy(this->packet_buffer_.data(), data, size);
+  this->process_(this->packet_buffer_);
+  return false;  // Allow other handlers to run
+}
+
+bool ESPNowTransport::on_broadcasted(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t size) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received broadcast packet of size %u from %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X", size, info.src_addr[0],
+           info.src_addr[1], info.src_addr[2], info.src_addr[3], info.src_addr[4], info.src_addr[5]);
+
+  if (data == nullptr || size == 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Received empty or null broadcast packet");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  this->packet_buffer_.resize(size);
+  memcpy(this->packet_buffer_.data(), data, size);
+  this->process_(this->packet_buffer_);
+  return false;  // Allow other handlers to run
+}
+
+}  // namespace espnow
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32

esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/espnow_transport.h

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../espnow_component.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace espnow {
+
+class ESPNowTransport : public packet_transport::PacketTransport,
+                        public Parented<ESPNowComponent>,
+                        public ESPNowReceivedPacketHandler,
+                        public ESPNowBroadcastedHandler {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void update() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
+
+  void set_peer_address(peer_address_t address) {
+    memcpy(this->peer_address_.data(), address.data(), ESP_NOW_ETH_ALEN);
+  }
+
+  // ESPNow handler interface
+  bool on_received(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t size) override;
+  bool on_broadcasted(const ESPNowRecvInfo &info, const uint8_t *data, uint8_t size) override;
+
+ protected:
+  void send_packet(const std::vector<uint8_t> &buf) const override;
+  size_t get_max_packet_size() override { return ESP_NOW_MAX_DATA_LEN; }
+  bool should_send() override;
+
+  peer_address_t peer_address_{{0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF}};
+  std::vector<uint8_t> packet_buffer_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace espnow
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32

esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_MISO_PIN,
     CONF_MODE,
     CONF_MOSI_PIN,
+    CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_PAGE_ID,
     CONF_PIN,
     CONF_POLLING_INTERVAL,
@@ -52,12 +53,24 @@ from esphome.core import (
     coroutine_with_priority,
 )
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONFLICTS_WITH = ["wifi"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["network"]
 LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+# RMII pins that are hardcoded on ESP32 and cannot be changed
+# These pins are used by the internal Ethernet MAC when using RMII PHYs
+ESP32_RMII_FIXED_PINS = {
+    19: "EMAC_TXD0",
+    21: "EMAC_TX_EN",
+    22: "EMAC_TXD1",
+    25: "EMAC_RXD0",
+    26: "EMAC_RXD1",
+    27: "EMAC_RX_CRS_DV",
+}
+
 ethernet_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ethernet")
 PHYRegister = ethernet_ns.struct("PHYRegister")
 CONF_PHY_ADDR = "phy_addr"
@@ -383,3 +396,39 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
     if CORE.using_arduino:
         cg.add_library("WiFi", None)
+
+
+def _final_validate_rmii_pins(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Validate that RMII pins are not used by other components."""
+    # Only validate for RMII-based PHYs on ESP32/ESP32P4
+    if config[CONF_TYPE] in SPI_ETHERNET_TYPES or config[CONF_TYPE] == "OPENETH":
+        return  # SPI and OPENETH don't use RMII
+
+    variant = get_esp32_variant()
+    if variant not in (VARIANT_ESP32, VARIANT_ESP32P4):
+        return  # Only ESP32 classic and P4 have RMII
+
+    # Check all used pins against RMII reserved pins
+    for pin_list in pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.pins_used.values():
+        for pin_path, _, pin_config in pin_list:
+            pin_num = pin_config.get(CONF_NUMBER)
+            if pin_num not in ESP32_RMII_FIXED_PINS:
+                continue
+            # Found a conflict - show helpful error message
+            pin_function = ESP32_RMII_FIXED_PINS[pin_num]
+            component_path = ".".join(str(p) for p in pin_path)
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"GPIO{pin_num} is reserved for Ethernet RMII ({pin_function}) and cannot be used. "
+                f"This pin is hardcoded by ESP-IDF and cannot be changed when using RMII Ethernet PHYs. "
+                f"Please choose a different GPIO pin for '{component_path}'.",
+                path=pin_path,
+            )
+
+
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Final validation for Ethernet component."""
+    _final_validate_rmii_pins(config)
+    return config
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate

esphome/components/event/event.cpp

@@ -8,12 +8,19 @@ namespace event {
 static const char *const TAG = "event";
 
 void Event::trigger(const std::string &event_type) {
-  auto found = types_.find(event_type);
+  // Linear search - faster than std::set for small datasets (1-5 items typical)
-  if (found == types_.end()) {
+  const std::string *found = nullptr;
+  for (const auto &type : this->types_) {
+    if (type == event_type) {
+      found = &type;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (found == nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "'%s': invalid event type for trigger(): %s", this->get_name().c_str(), event_type.c_str());
     return;
   }
-  last_event_type = &(*found);
+  last_event_type = found;
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' Triggered event '%s'", this->get_name().c_str(), last_event_type->c_str());
   this->event_callback_.call(event_type);
 }

esphome/components/event/event.h

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <set>
 #include <string>
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
@@ -26,13 +25,13 @@ class Event : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass {
   const std::string *last_event_type;
 
   void trigger(const std::string &event_type);
-  void set_event_types(const std::set<std::string> &event_types) { this->types_ = event_types; }
+  void set_event_types(const std::initializer_list<std::string> &event_types) { this->types_ = event_types; }
-  std::set<std::string> get_event_types() const { return this->types_; }
+  const FixedVector<std::string> &get_event_types() const { return this->types_; }
   void add_on_event_callback(std::function<void(const std::string &event_type)> &&callback);
 
  protected:
   CallbackManager<void(const std::string &event_type)> event_callback_;
-  std::set<std::string> types_;
+  FixedVector<std::string> types_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace event

esphome/components/fan/__init__.py

@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
 
 fan_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("fan")
 Fan = fan_ns.class_("Fan", cg.EntityBase)
-FanState = fan_ns.class_("Fan", Fan, cg.Component)
 
 FanDirection = fan_ns.enum("FanDirection", is_class=True)
 FAN_DIRECTION_ENUM = {

esphome/components/fan/automation.h

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
-#include "fan_state.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "fan.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace fan {

esphome/components/fan/fan.cpp

@@ -51,7 +51,14 @@ void FanCall::validate_() {
 
   if (!this->preset_mode_.empty()) {
     const auto &preset_modes = traits.supported_preset_modes();
-    if (preset_modes.find(this->preset_mode_) == preset_modes.end()) {
+    bool found = false;
+    for (const auto &mode : preset_modes) {
+      if (mode == this->preset_mode_) {
+        found = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!found) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s: Preset mode '%s' not supported", this->parent_.get_name().c_str(), this->preset_mode_.c_str());
       this->preset_mode_.clear();
     }
@@ -191,9 +198,14 @@ void Fan::save_state_() {
   if (this->get_traits().supports_preset_modes() && !this->preset_mode.empty()) {
     const auto &preset_modes = this->get_traits().supported_preset_modes();
     // Store index of current preset mode
-    auto preset_iterator = preset_modes.find(this->preset_mode);
+    size_t i = 0;
-    if (preset_iterator != preset_modes.end())
+    for (const auto &mode : preset_modes) {
-      state.preset_mode = std::distance(preset_modes.begin(), preset_iterator);
+      if (mode == this->preset_mode) {
+        state.preset_mode = i;
+        break;
+      }
+      i++;
+    }
   }
 
   this->rtc_.save(&state);

esphome/components/fan/fan_state.cpp

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#include "fan_state.h"
-
-namespace esphome {
-namespace fan {
-
-static const char *const TAG = "fan";
-
-void FanState::setup() {
-  auto restore = this->restore_state_();
-  if (restore)
-    restore->to_call(*this).perform();
-}
-float FanState::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::DATA - 1.0f; }
-
-}  // namespace fan
-}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/fan/fan_state.h

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "fan.h"
-
-namespace esphome {
-namespace fan {
-
-enum ESPDEPRECATED("LegacyFanDirection members are deprecated, use FanDirection instead.",
-                   "2022.2") LegacyFanDirection {
-  FAN_DIRECTION_FORWARD = 0,
-  FAN_DIRECTION_REVERSE = 1
-};
-
-class ESPDEPRECATED("FanState is deprecated, use Fan instead.", "2022.2") FanState : public Fan, public Component {
- public:
-  FanState() = default;
-
-  /// Get the traits of this fan.
-  FanTraits get_traits() override { return this->traits_; }
-  /// Set the traits of this fan (i.e. what features it supports).
-  void set_traits(const FanTraits &traits) { this->traits_ = traits; }
-
-  void setup() override;
-  float get_setup_priority() const override;
-
- protected:
-  void control(const FanCall &call) override { this->publish_state(); }
-
-  FanTraits traits_{};
-};
-
-}  // namespace fan
-}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/fan/fan_traits.h

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-#include <set>
-#include <utility>
-
 #pragma once
 
+#include <vector>
+
 namespace esphome {
 
 #ifdef USE_API
@@ -36,9 +35,9 @@ class FanTraits {
   /// Set whether this fan supports changing direction
   void set_direction(bool direction) { this->direction_ = direction; }
   /// Return the preset modes supported by the fan.
-  std::set<std::string> supported_preset_modes() const { return this->preset_modes_; }
+  const std::vector<std::string> &supported_preset_modes() const { return this->preset_modes_; }
   /// Set the preset modes supported by the fan.
-  void set_supported_preset_modes(const std::set<std::string> &preset_modes) { this->preset_modes_ = preset_modes; }
+  void set_supported_preset_modes(const std::vector<std::string> &preset_modes) { this->preset_modes_ = preset_modes; }
   /// Return if preset modes are supported
   bool supports_preset_modes() const { return !this->preset_modes_.empty(); }
 
@@ -46,17 +45,17 @@ class FanTraits {
 #ifdef USE_API
   // The API connection is a friend class to access internal methods
   friend class api::APIConnection;
-  // This method returns a reference to the internal preset modes set.
+  // This method returns a reference to the internal preset modes.
   // It is used by the API to avoid copying data when encoding messages.
   // Warning: Do not use this method outside of the API connection code.
   // It returns a reference to internal data that can be invalidated.
-  const std::set<std::string> &supported_preset_modes_for_api_() const { return this->preset_modes_; }
+  const std::vector<std::string> &supported_preset_modes_for_api_() const { return this->preset_modes_; }
 #endif
   bool oscillation_{false};
   bool speed_{false};
   bool direction_{false};
   int speed_count_{};
-  std::set<std::string> preset_modes_{};
+  std::vector<std::string> preset_modes_{};
 };
 
 }  // namespace fan

esphome/components/gpio/switch/gpio_switch.cpp

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ void GPIOSwitch::write_state(bool state) {
   this->pin_->digital_write(state);
   this->publish_state(state);
 }
-void GPIOSwitch::set_interlock(const std::vector<Switch *> &interlock) { this->interlock_ = interlock; }
+void GPIOSwitch::set_interlock(const std::initializer_list<Switch *> &interlock) { this->interlock_ = interlock; }
 
 }  // namespace gpio
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/gpio/switch/gpio_switch.h

@@ -2,10 +2,9 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
 
-#include <vector>
-
 namespace esphome {
 namespace gpio {
 
@@ -19,14 +18,14 @@ class GPIOSwitch : public switch_::Switch, public Component {
 
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
-  void set_interlock(const std::vector<Switch *> &interlock);
+  void set_interlock(const std::initializer_list<Switch *> &interlock);
   void set_interlock_wait_time(uint32_t interlock_wait_time) { interlock_wait_time_ = interlock_wait_time; }
 
  protected:
   void write_state(bool state) override;
 
   GPIOPin *pin_;
-  std::vector<Switch *> interlock_;
+  FixedVector<Switch *> interlock_;
   uint32_t interlock_wait_time_{0};
 };
 

esphome/components/haier/haier_base.cpp

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ HaierClimateBase::HaierClimateBase()
       {climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO, climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW, climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MEDIUM, climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH});
   this->traits_.set_supported_swing_modes({climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH,
                                            climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL});
-  this->traits_.set_supports_current_temperature(true);
+  this->traits_.add_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE);
 }
 
 HaierClimateBase::~HaierClimateBase() {}

esphome/components/hbridge/fan/hbridge_fan.h

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class HBridgeFan : public Component, public fan::Fan {
   void set_pin_a(output::FloatOutput *pin_a) { pin_a_ = pin_a; }
   void set_pin_b(output::FloatOutput *pin_b) { pin_b_ = pin_b; }
   void set_enable_pin(output::FloatOutput *enable) { enable_ = enable; }
-  void set_preset_modes(const std::set<std::string> &presets) { preset_modes_ = presets; }
+  void set_preset_modes(const std::vector<std::string> &presets) { preset_modes_ = presets; }
 
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class HBridgeFan : public Component, public fan::Fan {
   int speed_count_{};
   DecayMode decay_mode_{DECAY_MODE_SLOW};
   fan::FanTraits traits_;
-  std::set<std::string> preset_modes_{};
+  std::vector<std::string> preset_modes_{};
 
   void control(const fan::FanCall &call) override;
   void write_state_();