[udp] Implement UDP sensor broadcast (#6865)

Co-authored-by: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: clydebarrow <366188+clydebarrow@users.noreply.github.com>

tests/components/udp/common.yaml

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+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+udp:
+  update_interval: 5s
+  encryption: "our key goes here"
+  rolling_code_enable: true
+  ping_pong_enable: true
+  binary_sensors:
+    - binary_sensor_id1
+    - id: binary_sensor_id1
+      broadcast_id: other_id
+  sensors:
+    - sensor_id1
+    - id: sensor_id1
+      broadcast_id: other_id
+  providers:
+    - name: some-device-name
+      encryption: "their key goes here"
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    id: sensor_id1
+  - platform: udp
+    provider: some-device-name
+    id: our_id
+    remote_id: some_sensor_id
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: udp
+    provider: unencrypted-device
+    id: other_binary_sensor_id
+  - platform: template
+    id: binary_sensor_id1

tests/components/udp/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml

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+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/udp/test.esp32-ard.yaml

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+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/udp/test.esp32-c3-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/udp/test.esp32-c3-idf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/udp/test.esp32-idf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/udp/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/udp/test.host.yaml

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+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml
+
+wifi: !remove

tests/components/udp/test.rp2040-ard.yaml

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+<<: !include common.yaml