Jinja expressions in configs (Take #3) (#8955)

esphome/components/packages/__init__.py

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ BASE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                             {
                                 cv.Required(CONF_PATH): validate_yaml_filename,
                                 cv.Optional(CONF_VARS, default={}): cv.Schema(
-                                    {cv.string: cv.string}
+                                    {cv.string: object}
                                 ),
                             }
                         ),
@@ -148,7 +148,6 @@ def _process_base_package(config: dict) -> dict:
                         raise cv.Invalid(
                             f"Current ESPHome Version is too old to use this package: {ESPHOME_VERSION} < {min_version}"
                         )
-                vars = {k: str(v) for k, v in vars.items()}
                 new_yaml = yaml_util.substitute_vars(new_yaml, vars)
                 packages[f"{filename}{idx}"] = new_yaml
             except EsphomeError as e:

esphome/components/substitutions/__init__.py

@@ -5,6 +5,13 @@ from esphome.config_helpers import Extend, Remove, merge_config
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS, VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS_CHARACTERS
 from esphome.yaml_util import ESPHomeDataBase, make_data_base
+from .jinja import (
+    Jinja,
+    JinjaStr,
+    has_jinja,
+    TemplateError,
+    TemplateRuntimeError,
+)
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -28,7 +35,7 @@ def validate_substitution_key(value):
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
-        validate_substitution_key: cv.string_strict,
+        validate_substitution_key: object,
     }
 )
 
@@ -37,7 +44,42 @@ async def to_code(config):
     pass
 
 
-def _expand_substitutions(substitutions, value, path, ignore_missing):
+def _expand_jinja(value, orig_value, path, jinja, ignore_missing):
+    if has_jinja(value):
+        # If the original value passed in to this function is a JinjaStr, it means it contains an unresolved
+        # Jinja expression from a previous pass.
+        if isinstance(orig_value, JinjaStr):
+            # Rebuild the JinjaStr in case it was lost while replacing substitutions.
+            value = JinjaStr(value, orig_value.upvalues)
+        try:
+            # Invoke the jinja engine to evaluate the expression.
+            value, err = jinja.expand(value)
+            if err is not None:
+                if not ignore_missing and "password" not in path:
+                    _LOGGER.warning(
+                        "Found '%s' (see %s) which looks like an expression,"
+                        " but could not resolve all the variables: %s",
+                        value,
+                        "->".join(str(x) for x in path),
+                        err.message,
+                    )
+        except (
+            TemplateError,
+            TemplateRuntimeError,
+            RuntimeError,
+            ArithmeticError,
+            AttributeError,
+            TypeError,
+        ) as err:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"{type(err).__name__} Error evaluating jinja expression '{value}': {str(err)}."
+                f" See {'->'.join(str(x) for x in path)}",
+                path,
+            )
+    return value
+
+
+def _expand_substitutions(substitutions, value, path, jinja, ignore_missing):
     if "$" not in value:
         return value
 
@@ -47,7 +89,8 @@ def _expand_substitutions(substitutions, value, path, ignore_missing):
     while True:
         m = cv.VARIABLE_PROG.search(value, i)
         if not m:
-            # Nothing more to match. Done
+            # No more variable substitutions found. See if the remainder looks like a jinja template
+            value = _expand_jinja(value, orig_value, path, jinja, ignore_missing)
             break
 
         i, j = m.span(0)
@@ -67,8 +110,15 @@ def _expand_substitutions(substitutions, value, path, ignore_missing):
             continue
 
         sub = substitutions[name]
+
+        if i == 0 and j == len(value):
+            # The variable spans the whole expression, e.g., "${varName}". Return its resolved value directly
+            # to conserve its type.
+            value = sub
+            break
+
         tail = value[j:]
-        value = value[:i] + sub
+        value = value[:i] + str(sub)
         i = len(value)
         value += tail
 
@@ -77,36 +127,40 @@ def _expand_substitutions(substitutions, value, path, ignore_missing):
     if isinstance(orig_value, ESPHomeDataBase):
         # even though string can get larger or smaller, the range should point
         # to original document marks
-        return make_data_base(value, orig_value)
+        value = make_data_base(value, orig_value)
 
     return value
 
 
-def _substitute_item(substitutions, item, path, ignore_missing):
+def _substitute_item(substitutions, item, path, jinja, ignore_missing):
     if isinstance(item, list):
         for i, it in enumerate(item):
-            sub = _substitute_item(substitutions, it, path + [i], ignore_missing)
+            sub = _substitute_item(substitutions, it, path + [i], jinja, ignore_missing)
             if sub is not None:
                 item[i] = sub
     elif isinstance(item, dict):
         replace_keys = []
         for k, v in item.items():
             if path or k != CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS:
-                sub = _substitute_item(substitutions, k, path + [k], ignore_missing)
+                sub = _substitute_item(
+                    substitutions, k, path + [k], jinja, ignore_missing
+                )
                 if sub is not None:
                     replace_keys.append((k, sub))
-            sub = _substitute_item(substitutions, v, path + [k], ignore_missing)
+            sub = _substitute_item(substitutions, v, path + [k], jinja, ignore_missing)
             if sub is not None:
                 item[k] = sub
         for old, new in replace_keys:
             item[new] = merge_config(item.get(old), item.get(new))
             del item[old]
     elif isinstance(item, str):
-        sub = _expand_substitutions(substitutions, item, path, ignore_missing)
+        sub = _expand_substitutions(substitutions, item, path, jinja, ignore_missing)
-        if sub != item:
+        if isinstance(sub, JinjaStr) or sub != item:
             return sub
     elif isinstance(item, (core.Lambda, Extend, Remove)):
-        sub = _expand_substitutions(substitutions, item.value, path, ignore_missing)
+        sub = _expand_substitutions(
+            substitutions, item.value, path, jinja, ignore_missing
+        )
         if sub != item:
             item.value = sub
     return None
@@ -116,11 +170,11 @@ def do_substitution_pass(config, command_line_substitutions, ignore_missing=Fals
     if CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS not in config and not command_line_substitutions:
         return
 
-    substitutions = config.get(CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS)
+    # Merge substitutions in config, overriding with substitutions coming from command line:
-    if substitutions is None:
+    substitutions = {
-        substitutions = command_line_substitutions
+        **config.get(CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS, {}),
-    elif command_line_substitutions:
+        **(command_line_substitutions or {}),
-        substitutions = {**substitutions, **command_line_substitutions}
+    }
     with cv.prepend_path("substitutions"):
         if not isinstance(substitutions, dict):
             raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -133,7 +187,7 @@ def do_substitution_pass(config, command_line_substitutions, ignore_missing=Fals
                 sub = validate_substitution_key(key)
                 if sub != key:
                     replace_keys.append((key, sub))
-                substitutions[key] = cv.string_strict(value)
+                substitutions[key] = value
         for old, new in replace_keys:
             substitutions[new] = substitutions[old]
             del substitutions[old]
@@ -141,4 +195,7 @@ def do_substitution_pass(config, command_line_substitutions, ignore_missing=Fals
     config[CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS] = substitutions
     # Move substitutions to the first place to replace substitutions in them correctly
     config.move_to_end(CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS, False)
-    _substitute_item(substitutions, config, [], ignore_missing)
+
+    # Create a Jinja environment that will consider substitutions in scope:
+    jinja = Jinja(substitutions)
+    _substitute_item(substitutions, config, [], jinja, ignore_missing)

esphome/components/substitutions/jinja.py

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import logging
+import math
+import re
+import jinja2 as jinja
+from jinja2.nativetypes import NativeEnvironment
+
+TemplateError = jinja.TemplateError
+TemplateSyntaxError = jinja.TemplateSyntaxError
+TemplateRuntimeError = jinja.TemplateRuntimeError
+UndefinedError = jinja.UndefinedError
+Undefined = jinja.Undefined
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+DETECT_JINJA = r"(\$\{)"
+detect_jinja_re = re.compile(
+    r"<%.+?%>"  # Block form expression: <% ... %>
+    r"|\$\{[^}]+\}",  # Braced form expression: ${ ... }
+    flags=re.MULTILINE,
+)
+
+
+def has_jinja(st):
+    return detect_jinja_re.search(st) is not None
+
+
+class JinjaStr(str):
+    """
+    Wraps a string containing an unresolved Jinja expression,
+    storing the variables visible to it when it failed to resolve.
+    For example, an expression inside a package, `${ A * B }` may fail
+    to resolve at package parsing time if `A` is a local package var
+    but `B` is a substitution defined in the root yaml.
+    Therefore, we store the value of `A` as an upvalue bound
+    to the original string so we may be able to resolve `${ A * B }`
+    later in the main substitutions pass.
+    """
+
+    def __new__(cls, value: str, upvalues=None):
+        obj = super().__new__(cls, value)
+        obj.upvalues = upvalues or {}
+        return obj
+
+    def __init__(self, value: str, upvalues=None):
+        self.upvalues = upvalues or {}
+
+
+class Jinja:
+    """
+    Wraps a Jinja environment
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, context_vars):
+        self.env = NativeEnvironment(
+            trim_blocks=True,
+            lstrip_blocks=True,
+            block_start_string="<%",
+            block_end_string="%>",
+            line_statement_prefix="#",
+            line_comment_prefix="##",
+            variable_start_string="${",
+            variable_end_string="}",
+            undefined=jinja.StrictUndefined,
+        )
+        self.env.add_extension("jinja2.ext.do")
+        self.env.globals["math"] = math  # Inject entire math module
+        self.context_vars = {**context_vars}
+        self.env.globals = {**self.env.globals, **self.context_vars}
+
+    def expand(self, content_str):
+        """
+        Renders a string that may contain Jinja expressions or statements
+        Returns the resulting processed string if all values could be resolved.
+        Otherwise, it returns a tagged (JinjaStr) string that captures variables
+        in scope (upvalues), like a closure for later evaluation.
+        """
+        result = None
+        override_vars = {}
+        if isinstance(content_str, JinjaStr):
+            # If `value` is already a JinjaStr, it means we are trying to evaluate it again
+            # in a parent pass.
+            # Hopefully, all required variables are visible now.
+            override_vars = content_str.upvalues
+        try:
+            template = self.env.from_string(content_str)
+            result = template.render(override_vars)
+            if isinstance(result, Undefined):
+                # This happens when the expression is simply an undefined variable. Jinja does not
+                # raise an exception, instead we get "Undefined".
+                # Trigger an UndefinedError exception so we skip to below.
+                print("" + result)
+        except (TemplateSyntaxError, UndefinedError) as err:
+            # `content_str` contains a Jinja expression that refers to a variable that is undefined
+            # in this scope. Perhaps it refers to a root substitution that is not visible yet.
+            # Therefore, return the original `content_str` as a JinjaStr, which contains the variables
+            # that are actually visible to it at this point to postpone evaluation.
+            return JinjaStr(content_str, {**self.context_vars, **override_vars}), err
+
+        return result, None

esphome/config.py

@@ -789,7 +789,6 @@ def validate_config(
         result.add_output_path([CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS], CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS)
         try:
             substitutions.do_substitution_pass(config, command_line_substitutions)
-            substitutions.do_substitution_pass(config, command_line_substitutions)
         except vol.Invalid as err:
             result.add_error(err)
             return result

esphome/yaml_util.py

@@ -292,8 +292,6 @@ class ESPHomeLoaderMixin:
             if file is None:
                 raise yaml.MarkedYAMLError("Must include 'file'", node.start_mark)
             vars = fields.get(CONF_VARS)
-            if vars:
-                vars = {k: str(v) for k, v in vars.items()}
             return file, vars
 
         if isinstance(node, yaml.nodes.MappingNode):

requirements.txt

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ esphome-glyphsets==0.2.0
 pillow==10.4.0
 cairosvg==2.8.2
 freetype-py==2.5.1
+jinja2==3.1.6
 
 # esp-idf requires this, but doesn't bundle it by default
 # https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/blob/220590d599e134d7a5e7f1e683cc4550349ffbf8/requirements.txt#L24

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*.received.yaml

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/00-simple_var.approved.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+substitutions:
+  var1: '1'
+  var2: '2'
+  var21: '79'
+esphome:
+  name: test
+test_list:
+  - '1'
+  - '1'
+  - '1'
+  - '1'
+  - 'Values: 1 2'
+  - 'Value: 79'
+  - 1 + 2
+  - 1 * 2
+  - 'Undefined var: ${undefined_var}'
+  - ${undefined_var}
+  - $undefined_var
+  - ${ undefined_var }

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/00-simple_var.input.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+substitutions:
+  var1: "1"
+  var2: "2"
+  var21: "79"
+
+test_list:
+  - "$var1"
+  - "${var1}"
+  - $var1
+  - ${var1}
+  - "Values: $var1 ${var2}"
+  - "Value: ${var2${var1}}"
+  - "$var1 + $var2"
+  - "${ var1 } * ${ var2 }"
+  - "Undefined var: ${undefined_var}"
+  - ${undefined_var}
+  - $undefined_var
+  - ${ undefined_var }

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/01-include.approved.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+substitutions:
+  var1: '1'
+  var2: '2'
+  a: alpha
+test_list:
+  - values:
+      - var1: '1'
+      - a: A
+      - b: B-default
+      - c: The value of C is C
+  - values:
+      - var1: '1'
+      - a: alpha
+      - b: beta
+      - c: The value of C is $c

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/01-include.input.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+substitutions:
+  var1: "1"
+  var2: "2"
+  a: "alpha"
+
+test_list:
+  - !include
+    file: inc1.yaml
+    vars:
+      a: "A"
+      c: "C"
+  - !include
+    file: inc1.yaml
+    vars:
+      b: "beta"

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/02-expressions.approved.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+substitutions:
+  width: 7
+  height: 8
+  enabled: true
+  pin: &id001
+    number: 18
+    inverted: true
+  area: 25
+  numberOne: 1
+  var1: 79
+test_list:
+  - The area is 56
+  - 56
+  - 56 + 1
+  - ENABLED
+  - list:
+      - 7
+      - 8
+  - width: 7
+    height: 8
+  - *id001
+  - The pin number is 18
+  - The square root is: 5.0
+  - The number is 80

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/02-expressions.input.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+substitutions:
+  width: 7
+  height: 8
+  enabled: true
+  pin:
+    number: 18
+    inverted: true
+  area: 25
+  numberOne: 1
+  var1: 79
+
+test_list:
+  - "The area is ${width * height}"
+  - ${width * height}
+  - ${width * height} + 1
+  - ${enabled and "ENABLED" or "DISABLED"}
+  - list: ${ [width, height] }
+  - "${ {'width': width, 'height': height} }"
+  - ${pin}
+  - The pin number is ${pin.number}
+  - The square root is: ${math.sqrt(area)}
+  - The number is ${var${numberOne} + 1}

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/03-closures.approved.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+substitutions:
+  B: 5
+  var7: 79
+package_result:
+  - The value of A*B is 35, where A is a package var and B is a substitution in the
+    root file
+  - Double substitution also works; the value of var7 is 79, where A is a package
+    var
+local_results:
+  - The value of B is 5
+  - 'You will see, however, that
+
+    ${A} is not substituted here, since
+
+    it is out of scope.
+
+    '

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/03-closures.input.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+substitutions:
+  B: 5
+  var7: 79
+
+packages:
+  closures_package: !include
+    file: closures_package.yaml
+    vars:
+      A: 7
+
+local_results:
+  - The value of B is ${B}
+  - |
+    You will see, however, that
+    ${A} is not substituted here, since
+    it is out of scope.

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/04-display_example.approved.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+display:
+  - platform: ili9xxx
+    dimensions:
+      width: 960
+      height: 544

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/04-display_example.input.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# main.yaml
+packages:
+  my_display: !include
+    file: display.yaml
+    vars:
+      high_dpi: true
+      native_height: 272

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/closures_package.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package_result:
+  - The value of A*B is ${A * B}, where A is a package var and B is a substitution in the root file
+  - Double substitution also works; the value of var7 is ${var$A}, where A is a package var

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/display.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# display.yaml
+
+defaults:
+  native_width: 480
+  native_height: 480
+
+display:
+  - platform: ili9xxx
+    dimensions:
+      width: ${high_dpi and native_width * 2 or native_width}
+      height: ${high_dpi and native_height * 2 or native_height}

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/inc1.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+defaults:
+  b: "B-default"
+
+values:
+  - var1: $var1
+  - a: $a
+  - b: ${b}
+  - c: The value of C is $c

tests/unit_tests/test_substitutions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+import glob
+import logging
+import os
+
+from esphome import yaml_util
+from esphome.components import substitutions
+from esphome.const import CONF_PACKAGES
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Set to True for dev mode behavior
+# This will generate the expected version of the test files.
+
+DEV_MODE = False
+
+
+def sort_dicts(obj):
+    """Recursively sort dictionaries for order-insensitive comparison."""
+    if isinstance(obj, dict):
+        return {k: sort_dicts(obj[k]) for k in sorted(obj)}
+    elif isinstance(obj, list):
+        # Lists are not sorted; we preserve order
+        return [sort_dicts(i) for i in obj]
+    else:
+        return obj
+
+
+def dict_diff(a, b, path=""):
+    """Recursively find differences between two dict/list structures."""
+    diffs = []
+    if isinstance(a, dict) and isinstance(b, dict):
+        a_keys = set(a)
+        b_keys = set(b)
+        for key in a_keys - b_keys:
+            diffs.append(f"{path}/{key} only in actual")
+        for key in b_keys - a_keys:
+            diffs.append(f"{path}/{key} only in expected")
+        for key in a_keys & b_keys:
+            diffs.extend(dict_diff(a[key], b[key], f"{path}/{key}"))
+    elif isinstance(a, list) and isinstance(b, list):
+        min_len = min(len(a), len(b))
+        for i in range(min_len):
+            diffs.extend(dict_diff(a[i], b[i], f"{path}[{i}]"))
+        if len(a) > len(b):
+            for i in range(min_len, len(a)):
+                diffs.append(f"{path}[{i}] only in actual: {a[i]!r}")
+        elif len(b) > len(a):
+            for i in range(min_len, len(b)):
+                diffs.append(f"{path}[{i}] only in expected: {b[i]!r}")
+    else:
+        if a != b:
+            diffs.append(f"\t{path}: actual={a!r} expected={b!r}")
+    return diffs
+
+
+def write_yaml(path, data):
+    with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        f.write(yaml_util.dump(data))
+
+
+def test_substitutions_fixtures(fixture_path):
+    base_dir = fixture_path / "substitutions"
+    sources = sorted(glob.glob(str(base_dir / "*.input.yaml")))
+    assert sources, f"No input YAML files found in {base_dir}"
+
+    failures = []
+    for source_path in sources:
+        try:
+            expected_path = source_path.replace(".input.yaml", ".approved.yaml")
+            test_case = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(source_path))[0].replace(
+                ".input", ""
+            )
+
+            # Load using ESPHome's YAML loader
+            config = yaml_util.load_yaml(source_path)
+
+            if CONF_PACKAGES in config:
+                from esphome.components.packages import do_packages_pass
+
+                config = do_packages_pass(config)
+
+            substitutions.do_substitution_pass(config, None)
+
+            # Also load expected using ESPHome's loader, or use {} if missing and DEV_MODE
+            if os.path.isfile(expected_path):
+                expected = yaml_util.load_yaml(expected_path)
+            elif DEV_MODE:
+                expected = {}
+            else:
+                assert os.path.isfile(expected_path), (
+                    f"Expected file missing: {expected_path}"
+                )
+
+            # Sort dicts only (not lists) for comparison
+            got_sorted = sort_dicts(config)
+            expected_sorted = sort_dicts(expected)
+
+            if got_sorted != expected_sorted:
+                diff = "\n".join(dict_diff(got_sorted, expected_sorted))
+                msg = (
+                    f"Substitution result mismatch for {os.path.basename(source_path)}\n"
+                    f"Diff:\n{diff}\n\n"
+                    f"Got:      {got_sorted}\n"
+                    f"Expected: {expected_sorted}"
+                )
+                # Write out the received file when test fails
+                if DEV_MODE:
+                    received_path = os.path.join(
+                        os.path.dirname(source_path), f"{test_case}.received.yaml"
+                    )
+                    write_yaml(received_path, config)
+                    print(msg)
+                    failures.append(msg)
+                else:
+                    raise AssertionError(msg)
+        except Exception as err:
+            _LOGGER.error("Error in test file %s", source_path)
+            raise err
+
+    if DEV_MODE and failures:
+        print(f"\n{len(failures)} substitution test case(s) failed.")
+
+    if DEV_MODE:
+        _LOGGER.error("Tests passed, but Dev mode is enabled.")
+    assert not DEV_MODE  # make sure DEV_MODE is disabled after you are finished.