diff --git a/esphome/writer.py b/esphome/writer.py
index bf683e6cd0..721db07f96 100644
--- a/esphome/writer.py
+++ b/esphome/writer.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
 import importlib
 import logging
 import os
@@ -5,6 +6,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import re
 import shutil
 import stat
+from types import TracebackType
 
 from esphome import loader
 from esphome.config import iter_component_configs, iter_components
@@ -303,18 +305,21 @@ def clean_cmake_cache():
             pioenvs_cmake_path.unlink()
 
 
-def _rmtree_error_handler(func, path, exc_info):
+def _rmtree_error_handler(
+    func: Callable[[str], object],
+    path: str,
+    exc_info: tuple[type[BaseException], BaseException, TracebackType | None],
+) -> None:
     """Error handler for shutil.rmtree to handle read-only files on Windows.
 
     On Windows, git pack files and other files may be marked read-only,
     causing shutil.rmtree to fail with "Access is denied". This handler
     removes the read-only flag and retries the deletion.
     """
-    if not os.access(path, os.W_OK):
-        os.chmod(path, stat.S_IWUSR | stat.S_IRUSR)
-        func(path)
-    else:
+    if os.access(path, os.W_OK):
         raise exc_info[1].with_traceback(exc_info[2])
+    os.chmod(path, stat.S_IWUSR | stat.S_IRUSR)
+    func(path)
 
 
 def clean_build(clear_pio_cache: bool = True):
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_writer.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_writer.py
index a5faf559d8..6ca049f62d 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_writer.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_writer.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from esphome.writer import (
     CPP_INCLUDE_BEGIN,
     CPP_INCLUDE_END,
     GITIGNORE_CONTENT,
+    _rmtree_error_handler,
     clean_build,
     clean_cmake_cache,
     storage_should_clean,
@@ -1137,3 +1138,20 @@ def test_clean_all_handles_readonly_files(
     # Verify directory was removed despite read-only files
     assert not subdir.exists()
     assert build_dir.exists()  # .esphome dir itself is preserved
+
+
+def test_rmtree_error_handler_reraises_for_writable_files() -> None:
+    """Test _rmtree_error_handler re-raises exception for writable files."""
+    # Create a mock exception
+    original_error = PermissionError("Some other permission error")
+    exc_info = (type(original_error), original_error, original_error.__traceback__)
+
+    # Patch os.access to return True (file is writable)
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.writer.os.access", return_value=True),
+        pytest.raises(PermissionError) as exc_info_caught,
+    ):
+        _rmtree_error_handler(lambda p: None, "/some/path", exc_info)
+
+    # Verify the original exception was re-raised
+    assert exc_info_caught.value is original_error