diff --git a/esphome/core/__init__.py b/esphome/core/__init__.py
index 9df5da1c78..8a9630735e 100644
--- a/esphome/core/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/core/__init__.py
@@ -803,6 +803,10 @@ class EsphomeCore:
             raise TypeError(
                 f"Library {library} must be instance of Library, not {type(library)}"
             )
+
+        if not library.name:
+            raise ValueError(f"The library for {library.repository} must have a name")
+
         short_name = (
             library.name if "/" not in library.name else library.name.split("/")[-1]
         )