[http_request] Add esp-idf and rp2040 support (#3256)

* Implement http_request component for esp-idf

* Fix ifdefs

* Lint

* clang

* Set else to fail with error message

* Use unique_ptr

* Fix

* Tidy up casting, explicit HttpResponse lifetime (#3265)

Co-authored-by: Daniel Cousens <dcousens@users.noreply.github.com>

* Remove unique_ptr wrapper

* Fix

* Use reference

* Add duration code into new split files

* Add config for tx/rx buffer on idf

* Fix

* Try reserve response data with rx buffer size

* Update http_request.h

* Move client cleanup to be earlier

* Move capture_response to bool on struct and remove global

* Fix returns

* Change quotes to brackets

* Rework http request

* Remove http request from old test yamls

* Update component tests

* Validate md5 length when hardcoded string

* Linting

* Add duration_ms to container

* More lint

* const

* Remove default arguments and add helper functions for get and post

* Add virtual destructor to HttpContainer

* Undo const HEADER_KEYS

* 🤦

* Update esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp

Co-authored-by: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>

* Update esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp

Co-authored-by: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>

* lint

* Move header keys inline

* Add missing WatchdogManagers

* CAPS

* Fix "follow redirects" string in config dump

* IDF 5+ fix

---------

Co-authored-by: Daniel Cousens <413395+dcousens@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Daniel Cousens <dcousens@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>

esphome/cpp_types.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ double = global_ns.namespace("double")
 bool_ = global_ns.namespace("bool")
 int_ = global_ns.namespace("int")
 std_ns = global_ns.namespace("std")
+std_shared_ptr = std_ns.class_("shared_ptr")
 std_string = std_ns.class_("string")
 std_vector = std_ns.class_("vector")
 uint8 = global_ns.namespace("uint8_t")