[http_request] Add esp-idf and rp2040 support (#3256)

* Implement http_request component for esp-idf

* Fix ifdefs

* Lint

* clang

* Set else to fail with error message

* Use unique_ptr

* Fix

* Tidy up casting, explicit HttpResponse lifetime (#3265)

Co-authored-by: Daniel Cousens <dcousens@users.noreply.github.com>

* Remove unique_ptr wrapper

* Fix

* Use reference

* Add duration code into new split files

* Add config for tx/rx buffer on idf

* Fix

* Try reserve response data with rx buffer size

* Update http_request.h

* Move client cleanup to be earlier

* Move capture_response to bool on struct and remove global

* Fix returns

* Change quotes to brackets

* Rework http request

* Remove http request from old test yamls

* Update component tests

* Validate md5 length when hardcoded string

* Linting

* Add duration_ms to container

* More lint

* const

* Remove default arguments and add helper functions for get and post

* Add virtual destructor to HttpContainer

* Undo const HEADER_KEYS

* 🤦

* Update esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp

Co-authored-by: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>

* Update esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp

Co-authored-by: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>

* lint

* Move header keys inline

* Add missing WatchdogManagers

* CAPS

* Fix "follow redirects" string in config dump

* IDF 5+ fix

---------

Co-authored-by: Daniel Cousens <413395+dcousens@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Daniel Cousens <dcousens@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>

esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.h

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "http_request.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ARDUINO
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_RP2040)
+#include <HTTPClient.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+#include <ESP8266HTTPClient.h>
+#ifdef USE_HTTP_REQUEST_ESP8266_HTTPS
+#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
+#endif
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace http_request {
+
+class HttpRequestArduino;
+class HttpContainerArduino : public HttpContainer {
+ public:
+  int read(uint8_t *buf, size_t max_len) override;
+  void end() override;
+
+ protected:
+  friend class HttpRequestArduino;
+  HTTPClient client_{};
+};
+
+class HttpRequestArduino : public HttpRequestComponent {
+ public:
+  std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> start(std::string url, std::string method, std::string body,
+                                       std::list<Header> headers) override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace http_request
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif  // USE_ARDUINO