Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/dev' into scheduler_copy

.github/workflows/lock.yml

@@ -1,28 +1,11 @@
 ---
-name: Lock
+name: Lock closed issues and PRs
 
 on:
   schedule:
-    - cron: "30 0 * * *"
+    - cron: "30 0 * * *"  # Run daily at 00:30 UTC
   workflow_dispatch:
 
-permissions:
-  issues: write
-  pull-requests: write
-
-concurrency:
-  group: lock
-
 jobs:
   lock:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    uses: esphome/workflows/.github/workflows/lock.yml@main
-    steps:
-      - uses: dessant/lock-threads@v5.0.1
-        with:
-          pr-inactive-days: "1"
-          pr-lock-reason: ""
-          exclude-any-pr-labels: keep-open
-
-          issue-inactive-days: "7"
-          issue-lock-reason: ""
-          exclude-any-issue-labels: keep-open

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.12.0
+    rev: v0.12.1
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff

CODEOWNERS

@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@ esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/* @Rapsssito @clydebarrow @jesserockz
 esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/* @ayufan
 esphome/components/esp32_can/* @Sympatron
+esphome/components/esp32_hosted/* @swoboda1337
 esphome/components/esp32_improv/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/esp32_rmt/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/* @jesserockz
@@ -491,7 +492,7 @@ esphome/components/vbus/* @ssieb
 esphome/components/veml3235/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/veml7700/* @latonita
 esphome/components/version/* @esphome/core
-esphome/components/voice_assistant/* @jesserockz
+esphome/components/voice_assistant/* @jesserockz @kahrendt
 esphome/components/wake_on_lan/* @clydebarrow @willwill2will54
 esphome/components/watchdog/* @oarcher
 esphome/components/waveshare_epaper/* @clydebarrow

esphome/components/ac_dimmer/ac_dimmer.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include <cmath>
+#include <numbers>
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
 #include <core_esp8266_waveform.h>
@@ -203,7 +204,7 @@ void AcDimmer::setup() {
 #endif
 }
 void AcDimmer::write_state(float state) {
-  state = std::acos(1 - (2 * state)) / 3.14159;  // RMS power compensation
+  state = std::acos(1 - (2 * state)) / std::numbers::pi;  // RMS power compensation
   auto new_value = static_cast<uint16_t>(roundf(state * 65535));
   if (new_value != 0 && this->store_.value == 0)
     this->store_.init_cycle = this->init_with_half_cycle_;

esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp

@@ -33,9 +33,14 @@ namespace api {
 // Since each message could contain multiple protobuf messages when using packet batching,
 // this limits the number of messages processed, not the number of TCP packets.
 static constexpr uint8_t MAX_MESSAGES_PER_LOOP = 5;
+static constexpr uint8_t MAX_PING_RETRIES = 60;
+static constexpr uint16_t PING_RETRY_INTERVAL = 1000;
+static constexpr uint32_t KEEPALIVE_DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT = (KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS * 5) / 2;
 
 static const char *const TAG = "api.connection";
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_CAMERA
 static const int ESP32_CAMERA_STOP_STREAM = 5000;
+#endif
 
 APIConnection::APIConnection(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> sock, APIServer *parent)
     : parent_(parent), initial_state_iterator_(this), list_entities_iterator_(this) {
@@ -90,16 +95,6 @@ APIConnection::~APIConnection() {
 }
 
 void APIConnection::loop() {
-  if (this->remove_)
-    return;
-
-  if (!network::is_connected()) {
-    // when network is disconnected force disconnect immediately
-    // don't wait for timeout
-    this->on_fatal_error();
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s: Network unavailable; disconnecting", this->get_client_combined_info().c_str());
-    return;
-  }
   if (this->next_close_) {
     // requested a disconnect
     this->helper_->close();
@@ -152,20 +147,19 @@ void APIConnection::loop() {
 
   // Process deferred batch if scheduled
   if (this->deferred_batch_.batch_scheduled &&
-      App.get_loop_component_start_time() - this->deferred_batch_.batch_start_time >= this->get_batch_delay_ms_()) {
+      now - this->deferred_batch_.batch_start_time >= this->get_batch_delay_ms_()) {
     this->process_batch_();
   }
 
-  if (!this->list_entities_iterator_.completed())
+  if (!this->list_entities_iterator_.completed()) {
     this->list_entities_iterator_.advance();
-  if (!this->initial_state_iterator_.completed() && this->list_entities_iterator_.completed())
+  } else if (!this->initial_state_iterator_.completed()) {
     this->initial_state_iterator_.advance();
+  }
 
-  static uint8_t max_ping_retries = 60;
-  static uint16_t ping_retry_interval = 1000;
   if (this->sent_ping_) {
     // Disconnect if not responded within 2.5*keepalive
-    if (now - this->last_traffic_ > (KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS * 5) / 2) {
+    if (now - this->last_traffic_ > KEEPALIVE_DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT) {
       on_fatal_error();
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s is unresponsive; disconnecting", this->get_client_combined_info().c_str());
     }
@@ -173,17 +167,15 @@ void APIConnection::loop() {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sending keepalive PING");
     this->sent_ping_ = this->send_message(PingRequest());
     if (!this->sent_ping_) {
-      this->next_ping_retry_ = now + ping_retry_interval;
+      this->next_ping_retry_ = now + PING_RETRY_INTERVAL;
       this->ping_retries_++;
-      std::string warn_str = str_sprintf("%s: Sending keepalive failed %u time(s);",
+      if (this->ping_retries_ >= MAX_PING_RETRIES) {
-                                         this->get_client_combined_info().c_str(), this->ping_retries_);
-      if (this->ping_retries_ >= max_ping_retries) {
         on_fatal_error();
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s disconnecting", warn_str.c_str());
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s: Ping failed %u times", this->get_client_combined_info().c_str(), this->ping_retries_);
       } else if (this->ping_retries_ >= 10) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s retrying in %u ms", warn_str.c_str(), ping_retry_interval);
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s: Ping retry %u", this->get_client_combined_info().c_str(), this->ping_retries_);
       } else {
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s retrying in %u ms", warn_str.c_str(), ping_retry_interval);
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s: Ping retry %u", this->get_client_combined_info().c_str(), this->ping_retries_);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -207,22 +199,20 @@ void APIConnection::loop() {
     // bool done = 3;
     buffer.encode_bool(3, done);
 
-    bool success = this->send_buffer(buffer, 44);
+    bool success = this->send_buffer(buffer, CameraImageResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
 
     if (success) {
       this->image_reader_.consume_data(to_send);
-    }
+      if (done) {
-    if (success && done) {
         this->image_reader_.return_image();
       }
     }
+  }
 #endif
 
-  if (state_subs_at_ != -1) {
+  if (state_subs_at_ >= 0) {
     const auto &subs = this->parent_->get_state_subs();
-    if (state_subs_at_ >= (int) subs.size()) {
+    if (state_subs_at_ < static_cast<int>(subs.size())) {
-      state_subs_at_ = -1;
-    } else {
       auto &it = subs[state_subs_at_];
       SubscribeHomeAssistantStateResponse resp;
       resp.entity_id = it.entity_id;
@@ -231,6 +221,8 @@ void APIConnection::loop() {
       if (this->send_message(resp)) {
         state_subs_at_++;
       }
+    } else {
+      state_subs_at_ = -1;
     }
   }
 }
@@ -284,6 +276,11 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::encode_message_to_buffer(ProtoMessage &msg, uint16_t mes
   // Encode directly into buffer
   msg.encode(buffer);
 
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  // Log the message for VV debugging
+  conn->log_send_message_(msg.message_name(), msg.dump());
+#endif
+
   // Calculate actual encoded size (not including header that was already added)
   size_t actual_payload_size = shared_buf.size() - size_before_encode;
 
@@ -1440,7 +1437,7 @@ void APIConnection::alarm_control_panel_command(const AlarmControlPanelCommandRe
 
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
 void APIConnection::send_event(event::Event *event, const std::string &event_type) {
-  this->schedule_message_(event, MessageCreator(event_type, EventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE), EventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  this->schedule_message_(event, MessageCreator(event_type), EventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
 }
 void APIConnection::send_event_info(event::Event *event) {
   this->schedule_message_(event, &APIConnection::try_send_event_info, ListEntitiesEventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
@@ -1795,7 +1792,8 @@ void APIConnection::process_batch_() {
     const auto &item = this->deferred_batch_.items[0];
 
     // Let the creator calculate size and encode if it fits
-    uint16_t payload_size = item.creator(item.entity, this, std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max(), true);
+    uint16_t payload_size =
+        item.creator(item.entity, this, std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max(), true, item.message_type);
 
     if (payload_size > 0 &&
         this->send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer{&this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref()}, item.message_type)) {
@@ -1845,7 +1843,7 @@ void APIConnection::process_batch_() {
   for (const auto &item : this->deferred_batch_.items) {
     // Try to encode message
     // The creator will calculate overhead to determine if the message fits
-    uint16_t payload_size = item.creator(item.entity, this, remaining_size, false);
+    uint16_t payload_size = item.creator(item.entity, this, remaining_size, false, item.message_type);
 
     if (payload_size == 0) {
       // Message won't fit, stop processing
@@ -1908,22 +1906,24 @@ void APIConnection::process_batch_() {
 }
 
 uint16_t APIConnection::MessageCreator::operator()(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size,
-                                                   bool is_single) const {
+                                                   bool is_single, uint16_t message_type) const {
-  switch (message_type_) {
+  if (has_tagged_string_ptr_()) {
-    case 0:  // Function pointer
+    // Handle string-based messages
-      return data_.ptr(entity, conn, remaining_size, is_single);
+    switch (message_type) {
-
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
       case EventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
         auto *e = static_cast<event::Event *>(entity);
-      return APIConnection::try_send_event_response(e, *data_.string_ptr, conn, remaining_size, is_single);
+        return APIConnection::try_send_event_response(e, *get_string_ptr_(), conn, remaining_size, is_single);
       }
 #endif
-
       default:
         // Should not happen, return 0 to indicate no message
         return 0;
     }
+  } else {
+    // Function pointer case
+    return data_.ptr(entity, conn, remaining_size, is_single);
+  }
 }
 
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_list_info_done(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size,

esphome/components/api/api_connection.h

@@ -483,55 +483,57 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
   // Function pointer type for message encoding
   using MessageCreatorPtr = uint16_t (*)(EntityBase *, APIConnection *, uint32_t remaining_size, bool is_single);
 
-  // Optimized MessageCreator class using union dispatch
+  // Optimized MessageCreator class using tagged pointer
   class MessageCreator {
+    // Ensure pointer alignment allows LSB tagging
+    static_assert(alignof(std::string *) > 1, "String pointer alignment must be > 1 for LSB tagging");
+
    public:
-    // Constructor for function pointer (message_type = 0)
+    // Constructor for function pointer
-    MessageCreator(MessageCreatorPtr ptr) : message_type_(0) { data_.ptr = ptr; }
+    MessageCreator(MessageCreatorPtr ptr) {
+      // Function pointers are always aligned, so LSB is 0
+      data_.ptr = ptr;
+    }
 
     // Constructor for string state capture
-    MessageCreator(const std::string &value, uint16_t msg_type) : message_type_(msg_type) {
+    explicit MessageCreator(const std::string &str_value) {
-      data_.string_ptr = new std::string(value);
+      // Allocate string and tag the pointer
+      auto *str = new std::string(str_value);
+      // Set LSB to 1 to indicate string pointer
+      data_.tagged = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(str) | 1;
     }
 
     // Destructor
     ~MessageCreator() {
-      // Clean up string data for string-based message types
+      if (has_tagged_string_ptr_()) {
-      if (uses_string_data_()) {
+        delete get_string_ptr_();
-        delete data_.string_ptr;
       }
     }
 
     // Copy constructor
-    MessageCreator(const MessageCreator &other) : message_type_(other.message_type_) {
+    MessageCreator(const MessageCreator &other) {
-      if (message_type_ == 0) {
+      if (other.has_tagged_string_ptr_()) {
-        data_.ptr = other.data_.ptr;
+        auto *str = new std::string(*other.get_string_ptr_());
-      } else if (uses_string_data_()) {
+        data_.tagged = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(str) | 1;
-        data_.string_ptr = new std::string(*other.data_.string_ptr);
       } else {
-        data_ = other.data_;  // For POD types
+        data_ = other.data_;
       }
     }
 
     // Move constructor
-    MessageCreator(MessageCreator &&other) noexcept : data_(other.data_), message_type_(other.message_type_) {
+    MessageCreator(MessageCreator &&other) noexcept : data_(other.data_) { other.data_.ptr = nullptr; }
-      other.message_type_ = 0;  // Reset other to function pointer type
-      other.data_.ptr = nullptr;
-    }
 
     // Assignment operators (needed for batch deduplication)
     MessageCreator &operator=(const MessageCreator &other) {
       if (this != &other) {
         // Clean up current string data if needed
-        if (uses_string_data_()) {
+        if (has_tagged_string_ptr_()) {
-          delete data_.string_ptr;
+          delete get_string_ptr_();
         }
         // Copy new data
-        message_type_ = other.message_type_;
+        if (other.has_tagged_string_ptr_()) {
-        if (other.message_type_ == 0) {
+          auto *str = new std::string(*other.get_string_ptr_());
-          data_.ptr = other.data_.ptr;
+          data_.tagged = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(str) | 1;
-        } else if (other.uses_string_data_()) {
-          data_.string_ptr = new std::string(*other.data_.string_ptr);
         } else {
           data_ = other.data_;
         }
@@ -542,30 +544,35 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
     MessageCreator &operator=(MessageCreator &&other) noexcept {
       if (this != &other) {
         // Clean up current string data if needed
-        if (uses_string_data_()) {
+        if (has_tagged_string_ptr_()) {
-          delete data_.string_ptr;
+          delete get_string_ptr_();
         }
         // Move data
-        message_type_ = other.message_type_;
         data_ = other.data_;
         // Reset other to safe state
-        other.message_type_ = 0;
         other.data_.ptr = nullptr;
       }
       return *this;
     }
 
-    // Call operator
+    // Call operator - now accepts message_type as parameter
-    uint16_t operator()(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size, bool is_single) const;
+    uint16_t operator()(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size, bool is_single,
+                        uint16_t message_type) const;
 
    private:
-    // Helper to check if this message type uses heap-allocated strings
+    // Check if this contains a string pointer
-    bool uses_string_data_() const { return message_type_ == EventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE; }
+    bool has_tagged_string_ptr_() const { return (data_.tagged & 1) != 0; }
-    union CreatorData {
+
-      MessageCreatorPtr ptr;    // 8 bytes
+    // Get the actual string pointer (clears the tag bit)
-      std::string *string_ptr;  // 8 bytes
+    std::string *get_string_ptr_() const {
-    } data_;                    // 8 bytes
+      // NOLINTNEXTLINE(performance-no-int-to-ptr)
-    uint16_t message_type_;     // 2 bytes (0 = function ptr, >0 = state capture)
+      return reinterpret_cast<std::string *>(data_.tagged & ~uintptr_t(1));
+    }
+
+    union {
+      MessageCreatorPtr ptr;
+      uintptr_t tagged;
+    } data_;  // 4 bytes on 32-bit
   };
 
   // Generic batching mechanism for both state updates and entity info

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.cpp

@@ -66,6 +66,17 @@ const char *api_error_to_str(APIError err) {
   return "UNKNOWN";
 }
 
+// Default implementation for loop - handles sending buffered data
+APIError APIFrameHelper::loop() {
+  if (!this->tx_buf_.empty()) {
+    APIError err = try_send_tx_buf_();
+    if (err != APIError::OK && err != APIError::WOULD_BLOCK) {
+      return err;
+    }
+  }
+  return APIError::OK;  // Convert WOULD_BLOCK to OK to avoid connection termination
+}
+
 // Helper method to buffer data from IOVs
 void APIFrameHelper::buffer_data_from_iov_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, uint16_t total_write_len) {
   SendBuffer buffer;
@@ -287,13 +298,8 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::loop() {
     }
   }
 
-  if (!this->tx_buf_.empty()) {
+  // Use base class implementation for buffer sending
-    APIError err = try_send_tx_buf_();
+  return APIFrameHelper::loop();
-    if (err != APIError::OK && err != APIError::WOULD_BLOCK) {
-      return err;
-    }
-  }
-  return APIError::OK;  // Convert WOULD_BLOCK to OK to avoid connection termination
 }
 
 /** Read a packet into the rx_buf_. If successful, stores frame data in the frame parameter
@@ -339,17 +345,15 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::try_read_frame_(ParsedFrame *frame) {
       return APIError::WOULD_BLOCK;
     }
 
+    if (rx_header_buf_[0] != 0x01) {
+      state_ = State::FAILED;
+      HELPER_LOG("Bad indicator byte %u", rx_header_buf_[0]);
+      return APIError::BAD_INDICATOR;
+    }
     // header reading done
   }
 
   // read body
-  uint8_t indicator = rx_header_buf_[0];
-  if (indicator != 0x01) {
-    state_ = State::FAILED;
-    HELPER_LOG("Bad indicator byte %u", indicator);
-    return APIError::BAD_INDICATOR;
-  }
-
   uint16_t msg_size = (((uint16_t) rx_header_buf_[1]) << 8) | rx_header_buf_[2];
 
   if (state_ != State::DATA && msg_size > 128) {
@@ -595,10 +599,6 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
     return APIError::BAD_DATA_PACKET;
   }
 
-  // uint16_t type;
-  // uint16_t data_len;
-  // uint8_t *data;
-  // uint8_t *padding;  zero or more bytes to fill up the rest of the packet
   uint16_t type = (((uint16_t) msg_data[0]) << 8) | msg_data[1];
   uint16_t data_len = (((uint16_t) msg_data[2]) << 8) | msg_data[3];
   if (data_len > msg_size - 4) {
@@ -831,18 +831,12 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::init() {
   state_ = State::DATA;
   return APIError::OK;
 }
-/// Not used for plaintext
 APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::loop() {
   if (state_ != State::DATA) {
     return APIError::BAD_STATE;
   }
-  if (!this->tx_buf_.empty()) {
+  // Use base class implementation for buffer sending
-    APIError err = try_send_tx_buf_();
+  return APIFrameHelper::loop();
-    if (err != APIError::OK && err != APIError::WOULD_BLOCK) {
-      return err;
-    }
-  }
-  return APIError::OK;  // Convert WOULD_BLOCK to OK to avoid connection termination
 }
 
 /** Read a packet into the rx_buf_. If successful, stores frame data in the frame parameter

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ struct PacketInfo {
       : message_type(type), offset(off), payload_size(size), padding(0) {}
 };
 
-enum class APIError : int {
+enum class APIError : uint16_t {
   OK = 0,
   WOULD_BLOCK = 1001,
   BAD_HANDSHAKE_PACKET_LEN = 1002,
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   }
   virtual ~APIFrameHelper() = default;
   virtual APIError init() = 0;
-  virtual APIError loop() = 0;
+  virtual APIError loop();
   virtual APIError read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) = 0;
   bool can_write_without_blocking() { return state_ == State::DATA && tx_buf_.empty(); }
   std::string getpeername() { return socket_->getpeername(); }

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
 
   template<typename T> bool send_message(const T &msg) {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-    this->log_send_message_(T::message_name(), msg.dump());
+    this->log_send_message_(msg.message_name(), msg.dump());
 #endif
     return this->send_message_(msg, T::MESSAGE_TYPE);
   }

esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp

@@ -47,6 +47,11 @@ void APIServer::setup() {
   }
 #endif
 
+  // Schedule reboot if no clients connect within timeout
+  if (this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
+    this->schedule_reboot_timeout_();
+  }
+
   this->socket_ = socket::socket_ip_loop_monitored(SOCK_STREAM, 0);  // monitored for incoming connections
   if (this->socket_ == nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Could not create socket");
@@ -106,8 +111,6 @@ void APIServer::setup() {
   }
 #endif
 
-  this->last_connected_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_CAMERA
   if (esp32_camera::global_esp32_camera != nullptr && !esp32_camera::global_esp32_camera->is_internal()) {
     esp32_camera::global_esp32_camera->add_image_callback(
@@ -121,6 +124,16 @@ void APIServer::setup() {
 #endif
 }
 
+void APIServer::schedule_reboot_timeout_() {
+  this->status_set_warning();
+  this->set_timeout("api_reboot", this->reboot_timeout_, []() {
+    if (!global_api_server->is_connected()) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "No clients; rebooting");
+      App.reboot();
+    }
+  });
+}
+
 void APIServer::loop() {
   // Accept new clients only if the socket exists and has incoming connections
   if (this->socket_ && this->socket_->ready()) {
@@ -130,51 +143,61 @@ void APIServer::loop() {
       auto sock = this->socket_->accept_loop_monitored((struct sockaddr *) &source_addr, &addr_len);
       if (!sock)
         break;
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Accepted %s", sock->getpeername().c_str());
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Accept %s", sock->getpeername().c_str());
 
       auto *conn = new APIConnection(std::move(sock), this);
       this->clients_.emplace_back(conn);
       conn->start();
+
+      // Clear warning status and cancel reboot when first client connects
+      if (this->clients_.size() == 1 && this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
+        this->status_clear_warning();
+        this->cancel_timeout("api_reboot");
+      }
     }
   }
 
+  if (this->clients_.empty()) {
+    return;
+  }
+
   // Process clients and remove disconnected ones in a single pass
-  if (!this->clients_.empty()) {
+  // Check network connectivity once for all clients
+  if (!network::is_connected()) {
+    // Network is down - disconnect all clients
+    for (auto &client : this->clients_) {
+      client->on_fatal_error();
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s: Network down; disconnect", client->get_client_combined_info().c_str());
+    }
+    // Continue to process and clean up the clients below
+  }
+
   size_t client_index = 0;
   while (client_index < this->clients_.size()) {
     auto &client = this->clients_[client_index];
 
-      if (client->remove_) {
+    if (!client->remove_) {
-        // Handle disconnection
+      // Common case: process active client
+      client->loop();
+      client_index++;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Rare case: handle disconnection
     this->client_disconnected_trigger_->trigger(client->client_info_, client->client_peername_);
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Removing connection to %s", client->client_info_.c_str());
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Remove connection %s", client->client_info_.c_str());
 
     // Swap with the last element and pop (avoids expensive vector shifts)
     if (client_index < this->clients_.size() - 1) {
       std::swap(this->clients_[client_index], this->clients_.back());
     }
     this->clients_.pop_back();
-        // Don't increment client_index since we need to process the swapped element
-      } else {
-        // Process active client
-        client->loop();
-        client_index++;  // Move to next client
-      }
-    }
-  }
 
-  if (this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
+    // Schedule reboot when last client disconnects
-    const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+    if (this->clients_.empty() && this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
-    if (!this->is_connected()) {
+      this->schedule_reboot_timeout_();
-      if (now - this->last_connected_ > this->reboot_timeout_) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "No client connected; rebooting");
-        App.reboot();
-      }
-      this->status_set_warning();
-    } else {
-      this->last_connected_ = now;
-      this->status_clear_warning();
     }
+    // Don't increment client_index since we need to process the swapped element
   }
 }
 

esphome/components/api/api_server.h

@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
   }
 
  protected:
+  void schedule_reboot_timeout_();
   // Pointers and pointer-like types first (4 bytes each)
   std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket_ = nullptr;
   Trigger<std::string, std::string> *client_connected_trigger_ = new Trigger<std::string, std::string>();
@@ -150,7 +151,6 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
   // 4-byte aligned types
   uint32_t reboot_timeout_{300000};
   uint32_t batch_delay_{100};
-  uint32_t last_connected_{0};
 
   // Vectors and strings (12 bytes each on 32-bit)
   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<APIConnection>> clients_;

esphome/components/api/client.py

@@ -4,9 +4,15 @@ import asyncio
 from datetime import datetime
 import logging
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+import warnings
 
-from aioesphomeapi import APIClient, parse_log_message
+# Suppress protobuf version warnings
-from aioesphomeapi.log_runner import async_run
+with warnings.catch_warnings():
+    warnings.filterwarnings(
+        "ignore", category=UserWarning, message=".*Protobuf gencode version.*"
+    )
+    from aioesphomeapi import APIClient, parse_log_message
+    from aioesphomeapi.log_runner import async_run
 
 from esphome.const import CONF_KEY, CONF_PASSWORD, CONF_PORT, __version__
 from esphome.core import CORE

esphome/components/api/proto.h

@@ -335,6 +335,7 @@ class ProtoMessage {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   std::string dump() const;
   virtual void dump_to(std::string &out) const = 0;
+  virtual const char *message_name() const { return "unknown"; }
 #endif
 
  protected:

esphome/components/atm90e32/atm90e32.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "atm90e32.h"
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <cmath>
+#include <numbers>
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -848,7 +849,7 @@ uint16_t ATM90E32Component::calculate_voltage_threshold(int line_freq, uint16_t
   float nominal_voltage = (line_freq == 60) ? 120.0f : 220.0f;
   float target_voltage = nominal_voltage * multiplier;
 
-  float peak_01v = target_voltage * 100.0f * std::sqrt(2.0f);  // convert RMS → peak, scale to 0.01V
+  float peak_01v = target_voltage * 100.0f * std::numbers::sqrt2_v<float>;  // convert RMS → peak, scale to 0.01V
   float divider = (2.0f * ugain) / 32768.0f;
 
   float threshold = peak_01v / divider;

esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.cpp

@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ FileDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode_mp3_() {
   if (err) {
     switch (err) {
       case esp_audio_libs::helix_decoder::ERR_MP3_OUT_OF_MEMORY:
-        // Intentional fallthrough
+        [[fallthrough]];
       case esp_audio_libs::helix_decoder::ERR_MP3_NULL_POINTER:
         return FileDecoderState::FAILED;
         break;

esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 #if CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE
 #include "esp_crt_bundle.h"
@@ -16,13 +17,13 @@ namespace audio {
 static const uint32_t READ_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS = 20;
 
 static const uint32_t CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_MS = 5000;
-
+static const uint8_t MAX_FETCHING_HEADER_ATTEMPTS = 6;
-// The number of times the http read times out with no data before throwing an error
-static const uint32_t ERROR_COUNT_NO_DATA_READ_TIMEOUT = 100;
 
 static const size_t HTTP_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE = 2048;
 
-static const uint8_t MAX_REDIRECTION = 5;
+static const uint8_t MAX_REDIRECTIONS = 5;
+
+static const char *const TAG = "audio_reader";
 
 // Some common HTTP status codes - borrowed from http_request component accessed 20241224
 enum HttpStatus {
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ esp_err_t AudioReader::start(const std::string &uri, AudioFileType &file_type) {
   client_config.url = uri.c_str();
   client_config.cert_pem = nullptr;
   client_config.disable_auto_redirect = false;
-  client_config.max_redirection_count = 10;
+  client_config.max_redirection_count = MAX_REDIRECTIONS;
   client_config.event_handler = http_event_handler;
   client_config.user_data = this;
   client_config.buffer_size = HTTP_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE;
@@ -116,12 +117,29 @@ esp_err_t AudioReader::start(const std::string &uri, AudioFileType &file_type) {
   esp_err_t err = esp_http_client_open(this->client_, 0);
 
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to open URL");
     this->cleanup_connection_();
     return err;
   }
 
   int64_t header_length = esp_http_client_fetch_headers(this->client_);
+  uint8_t reattempt_count = 0;
+  while ((header_length < 0) && (reattempt_count < MAX_FETCHING_HEADER_ATTEMPTS)) {
+    this->cleanup_connection_();
+    if (header_length != -ESP_ERR_HTTP_EAGAIN) {
+      // Serious error, no recovery
+      return ESP_FAIL;
+    } else {
+      // Reconnect from a fresh state to avoid a bug where it never reads the headers even if made available
+      this->client_ = esp_http_client_init(&client_config);
+      esp_http_client_open(this->client_, 0);
+      header_length = esp_http_client_fetch_headers(this->client_);
+      ++reattempt_count;
+    }
+  }
+
   if (header_length < 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to fetch headers");
     this->cleanup_connection_();
     return ESP_FAIL;
   }
@@ -135,7 +153,7 @@ esp_err_t AudioReader::start(const std::string &uri, AudioFileType &file_type) {
 
   ssize_t redirect_count = 0;
 
-  while ((esp_http_client_set_redirection(this->client_) == ESP_OK) && (redirect_count < MAX_REDIRECTION)) {
+  while ((esp_http_client_set_redirection(this->client_) == ESP_OK) && (redirect_count < MAX_REDIRECTIONS)) {
     err = esp_http_client_open(this->client_, 0);
     if (err != ESP_OK) {
       this->cleanup_connection_();
@@ -267,21 +285,24 @@ AudioReaderState AudioReader::http_read_() {
       return AudioReaderState::FINISHED;
     }
   } else if (this->output_transfer_buffer_->free() > 0) {
-    size_t bytes_to_read = this->output_transfer_buffer_->free();
+    int received_len = esp_http_client_read(this->client_, (char *) this->output_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_end(),
-    int received_len =
+                                            this->output_transfer_buffer_->free());
-        esp_http_client_read(this->client_, (char *) this->output_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_end(), bytes_to_read);
 
     if (received_len > 0) {
       this->output_transfer_buffer_->increase_buffer_length(received_len);
       this->last_data_read_ms_ = millis();
-    } else if (received_len < 0) {
+      return AudioReaderState::READING;
+    } else if (received_len <= 0) {
       // HTTP read error
+      if (received_len == -1) {
+        // A true connection error occured, no chance at recovery
         this->cleanup_connection_();
         return AudioReaderState::FAILED;
-    } else {
+      }
-      if (bytes_to_read > 0) {
+
-        // Read timed out
+      // Read timed out, manually verify if it has been too long since the last successful read
-        if ((millis() - this->last_data_read_ms_) > CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+      if ((millis() - this->last_data_read_ms_) > MAX_FETCHING_HEADER_ATTEMPTS * CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Timed out");
         this->cleanup_connection_();
         return AudioReaderState::FAILED;
       }
@@ -289,7 +310,6 @@ AudioReaderState AudioReader::http_read_() {
       delay(READ_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS);
     }
   }
-  }
 
   return AudioReaderState::READING;
 }

esphome/components/display/display.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "display.h"
 #include <utility>
+#include <numbers>
 #include "display_color_utils.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -424,15 +425,15 @@ void HOT Display::get_regular_polygon_vertex(int vertex_id, int *vertex_x, int *
     // hence we rotate the shape by 270° to orient the polygon up.
     rotation_degrees += ROTATION_270_DEGREES;
     // Convert the rotation to radians, easier to use in trigonometrical calculations
-    float rotation_radians = rotation_degrees * PI / 180;
+    float rotation_radians = rotation_degrees * std::numbers::pi / 180;
     // A pointy top variation means the first vertex of the polygon is at the top center of the shape, this requires no
     // additional rotation of the shape.
     // A flat top variation means the first point of the polygon has to be rotated so that the first edge is horizontal,
     // this requires to rotate the shape by π/edges radians counter-clockwise so that the first point is located on the
     // left side of the first horizontal edge.
-    rotation_radians -= (variation == VARIATION_FLAT_TOP) ? PI / edges : 0.0;
+    rotation_radians -= (variation == VARIATION_FLAT_TOP) ? std::numbers::pi / edges : 0.0;
 
-    float vertex_angle = ((float) vertex_id) / edges * 2 * PI + rotation_radians;
+    float vertex_angle = ((float) vertex_id) / edges * 2 * std::numbers::pi + rotation_radians;
     *vertex_x = (int) round(cos(vertex_angle) * radius) + center_x;
     *vertex_y = (int) round(sin(vertex_angle) * radius) + center_y;
   }

esphome/components/display/display.h

@@ -138,8 +138,6 @@ enum DisplayRotation {
   DISPLAY_ROTATION_270_DEGREES = 270,
 };
 
-#define PI 3.1415926535897932384626433832795
-
 const int EDGES_TRIGON = 3;
 const int EDGES_TRIANGLE = 3;
 const int EDGES_TETRAGON = 4;

esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import logging
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 
-from esphome import git
+from esphome import yaml_util
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_REFRESH,
     CONF_SOURCE,
     CONF_TYPE,
-    CONF_URL,
     CONF_VARIANT,
     CONF_VERSION,
     KEY_CORE,
@@ -32,14 +31,13 @@ from esphome.const import (
     KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK,
     KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
-    TYPE_GIT,
-    TYPE_LOCAL,
     __version__,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, HexInt, TimePeriod
 from esphome.cpp_generator import RawExpression
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.helpers import copy_file_if_changed, mkdir_p, write_file_if_changed
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .boards import BOARDS
 from .const import (  # noqa
@@ -49,10 +47,8 @@ from .const import (  # noqa
     KEY_EXTRA_BUILD_FILES,
     KEY_PATH,
     KEY_REF,
-    KEY_REFRESH,
     KEY_REPO,
     KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS,
-    KEY_SUBMODULES,
     KEY_VARIANT,
     VARIANT_ESP32,
     VARIANT_ESP32C2,
@@ -235,7 +231,7 @@ def add_idf_sdkconfig_option(name: str, value: SdkconfigValueType):
 def add_idf_component(
     *,
     name: str,
-    repo: str,
+    repo: str = None,
     ref: str = None,
     path: str = None,
     refresh: TimePeriod = None,
@@ -245,30 +241,27 @@ def add_idf_component(
     """Add an esp-idf component to the project."""
     if not CORE.using_esp_idf:
         raise ValueError("Not an esp-idf project")
-    if components is None:
+    if not repo and not ref and not path:
-        components = []
+        raise ValueError("Requires at least one of repo, ref or path")
-    if name not in CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_COMPONENTS]:
+    if refresh or submodules or components:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "The refresh, components and submodules parameters in add_idf_component() are "
+            "deprecated and will be removed in ESPHome 2026.1. If you are seeing this, report "
+            "an issue to the external_component author and ask them to update it."
+        )
+    if components:
+        for comp in components:
+            CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_COMPONENTS][comp] = {
+                KEY_REPO: repo,
+                KEY_REF: ref,
+                KEY_PATH: f"{path}/{comp}" if path else comp,
+            }
+    else:
         CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_COMPONENTS][name] = {
             KEY_REPO: repo,
             KEY_REF: ref,
             KEY_PATH: path,
-            KEY_REFRESH: refresh,
-            KEY_COMPONENTS: components,
-            KEY_SUBMODULES: submodules,
         }
-    else:
-        component_config = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_COMPONENTS][name]
-        if components is not None:
-            component_config[KEY_COMPONENTS] = list(
-                set(component_config[KEY_COMPONENTS] + components)
-            )
-        if submodules is not None:
-            if component_config[KEY_SUBMODULES] is None:
-                component_config[KEY_SUBMODULES] = submodules
-            else:
-                component_config[KEY_SUBMODULES] = list(
-                    set(component_config[KEY_SUBMODULES] + submodules)
-                )
 
 
 def add_extra_script(stage: str, filename: str, path: str):
@@ -348,6 +341,7 @@ SUPPORTED_PLATFORMIO_ESP_IDF_5X = [
 # List based on https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases
 SUPPORTED_PIOARDUINO_ESP_IDF_5X = [
     cv.Version(5, 5, 0),
+    cv.Version(5, 4, 2),
     cv.Version(5, 4, 1),
     cv.Version(5, 4, 0),
     cv.Version(5, 3, 3),
@@ -575,6 +569,17 @@ CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_DHCP_SERVER = "enable_lwip_dhcp_server"
 CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_MDNS_QUERIES = "enable_lwip_mdns_queries"
 CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_BRIDGE_INTERFACE = "enable_lwip_bridge_interface"
 
+
+def _validate_idf_component(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Validate IDF component config and warn about deprecated options."""
+    if CONF_REFRESH in config:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "The 'refresh' option for IDF components is deprecated and has no effect. "
+            "It will be removed in ESPHome 2026.1. Please remove it from your configuration."
+        )
+    return config
+
+
 ESP_IDF_FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
@@ -606,7 +611,7 @@ ESP_IDF_FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                         CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_DHCP_SERVER, "wifi", default=False
                     ): cv.boolean,
                     cv.Optional(
-                        CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_MDNS_QUERIES, default=False
+                        CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_MDNS_QUERIES, default=True
                     ): cv.boolean,
                     cv.Optional(
                         CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_BRIDGE_INTERFACE, default=False
@@ -614,15 +619,19 @@ ESP_IDF_FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 }
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_COMPONENTS, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(
+                cv.All(
                     cv.Schema(
                         {
                             cv.Required(CONF_NAME): cv.string_strict,
-                        cv.Required(CONF_SOURCE): cv.SOURCE_SCHEMA,
+                            cv.Optional(CONF_SOURCE): cv.git_ref,
+                            cv.Optional(CONF_REF): cv.string,
                             cv.Optional(CONF_PATH): cv.string,
-                        cv.Optional(CONF_REFRESH, default="1d"): cv.All(
+                            cv.Optional(CONF_REFRESH): cv.All(
                                 cv.string, cv.source_refresh
                             ),
                         }
+                    ),
+                    _validate_idf_component,
                 )
             ),
         }
@@ -696,7 +705,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(final_validate)
 async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_platformio_option("board", config[CONF_BOARD])
     cg.add_platformio_option("board_upload.flash_size", config[CONF_FLASH_SIZE])
-    cg.set_cpp_standard("gnu++17")
+    cg.set_cpp_standard("gnu++20")
     cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_ESP32")
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_BOARD", config[CONF_BOARD])
     cg.add_build_flag(f"-DUSE_ESP32_VARIANT_{config[CONF_VARIANT]}")
@@ -750,6 +759,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_TASK_WDT_CHECK_IDLE_TASK_CPU0", False)
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_TASK_WDT_CHECK_IDLE_TASK_CPU1", False)
 
+        # Disable dynamic log level control to save memory
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LOG_DYNAMIC_LEVEL_CONTROL", False)
+
         # Set default CPU frequency
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option(f"CONFIG_ESP_DEFAULT_CPU_FREQ_MHZ_{freq}", True)
 
@@ -762,7 +774,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             and not advanced[CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_DHCP_SERVER]
         ):
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_DHCPS", False)
-        if not advanced.get(CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_MDNS_QUERIES, False):
+        if not advanced.get(CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_MDNS_QUERIES, True):
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_DNS_SUPPORT_MDNS_QUERIES", False)
         if not advanced.get(CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_BRIDGE_INTERFACE, False):
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_BRIDGEIF_MAX_PORTS", 0)
@@ -814,18 +826,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option(name, RawSdkconfigValue(value))
 
         for component in conf[CONF_COMPONENTS]:
-            source = component[CONF_SOURCE]
-            if source[CONF_TYPE] == TYPE_GIT:
             add_idf_component(
                 name=component[CONF_NAME],
-                    repo=source[CONF_URL],
+                repo=component.get(CONF_SOURCE),
-                    ref=source.get(CONF_REF),
+                ref=component.get(CONF_REF),
                 path=component.get(CONF_PATH),
-                    refresh=component[CONF_REFRESH],
             )
-            elif source[CONF_TYPE] == TYPE_LOCAL:
-                _LOGGER.warning("Local components are not implemented yet.")
-
     elif conf[CONF_TYPE] == FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO:
         cg.add_platformio_option("framework", "arduino")
         cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_ARDUINO")
@@ -924,6 +930,26 @@ def _write_sdkconfig():
         write_file_if_changed(sdk_path, contents)
 
 
+def _write_idf_component_yml():
+    yml_path = Path(CORE.relative_build_path("src/idf_component.yml"))
+    if CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_COMPONENTS]:
+        components: dict = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_COMPONENTS]
+        dependencies = {}
+        for name, component in components.items():
+            dependency = {}
+            if component[KEY_REF]:
+                dependency["version"] = component[KEY_REF]
+            if component[KEY_REPO]:
+                dependency["git"] = component[KEY_REPO]
+            if component[KEY_PATH]:
+                dependency["path"] = component[KEY_PATH]
+            dependencies[name] = dependency
+        contents = yaml_util.dump({"dependencies": dependencies})
+    else:
+        contents = ""
+    write_file_if_changed(yml_path, contents)
+
+
 # Called by writer.py
 def copy_files():
     if CORE.using_arduino:
@@ -936,6 +962,7 @@ def copy_files():
             )
     if CORE.using_esp_idf:
         _write_sdkconfig()
+        _write_idf_component_yml()
         if "partitions.csv" not in CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_EXTRA_BUILD_FILES]:
             write_file_if_changed(
                 CORE.relative_build_path("partitions.csv"),
@@ -952,55 +979,6 @@ def copy_files():
             __version__,
         )
 
-        import shutil
-
-        shutil.rmtree(CORE.relative_build_path("components"), ignore_errors=True)
-
-        if CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_COMPONENTS]:
-            components: dict = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_COMPONENTS]
-
-            for name, component in components.items():
-                repo_dir, _ = git.clone_or_update(
-                    url=component[KEY_REPO],
-                    ref=component[KEY_REF],
-                    refresh=component[KEY_REFRESH],
-                    domain="idf_components",
-                    submodules=component[KEY_SUBMODULES],
-                )
-                mkdir_p(CORE.relative_build_path("components"))
-                component_dir = repo_dir
-                if component[KEY_PATH] is not None:
-                    component_dir = component_dir / component[KEY_PATH]
-
-                if component[KEY_COMPONENTS] == ["*"]:
-                    shutil.copytree(
-                        component_dir,
-                        CORE.relative_build_path("components"),
-                        dirs_exist_ok=True,
-                        ignore=shutil.ignore_patterns(".git*"),
-                        symlinks=True,
-                        ignore_dangling_symlinks=True,
-                    )
-                elif len(component[KEY_COMPONENTS]) > 0:
-                    for comp in component[KEY_COMPONENTS]:
-                        shutil.copytree(
-                            component_dir / comp,
-                            CORE.relative_build_path(f"components/{comp}"),
-                            dirs_exist_ok=True,
-                            ignore=shutil.ignore_patterns(".git*"),
-                            symlinks=True,
-                            ignore_dangling_symlinks=True,
-                        )
-                else:
-                    shutil.copytree(
-                        component_dir,
-                        CORE.relative_build_path(f"components/{name}"),
-                        dirs_exist_ok=True,
-                        ignore=shutil.ignore_patterns(".git*"),
-                        symlinks=True,
-                        ignore_dangling_symlinks=True,
-                    )
-
     for _, file in CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_EXTRA_BUILD_FILES].items():
         if file[KEY_PATH].startswith("http"):
             import requests

esphome/components/esp32/gpio.h

@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ class ESP32InternalGPIOPin : public InternalGPIOPin {
   void attach_interrupt(void (*func)(void *), void *arg, gpio::InterruptType type) const override;
 
   gpio_num_t pin_;
-  bool inverted_;
   gpio_drive_cap_t drive_strength_;
   gpio::Flags flags_;
+  bool inverted_;
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
   static bool isr_service_installed;
 };

esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp

@@ -496,17 +496,17 @@ float BLEClientBase::parse_char_value(uint8_t *value, uint16_t length) {
       if (length > 2) {
         return (float) encode_uint16(value[1], value[2]);
       }
-      // fall through
+      [[fallthrough]];
     case 0x7:  // uint24.
       if (length > 3) {
         return (float) encode_uint24(value[1], value[2], value[3]);
       }
-      // fall through
+      [[fallthrough]];
     case 0x8:  // uint32.
       if (length > 4) {
         return (float) encode_uint32(value[1], value[2], value[3], value[4]);
       }
-      // fall through
+      [[fallthrough]];
     case 0xC:  // int8.
       return (float) ((int8_t) value[1]);
     case 0xD:  // int12.
@@ -514,12 +514,12 @@ float BLEClientBase::parse_char_value(uint8_t *value, uint16_t length) {
       if (length > 2) {
         return (float) ((int16_t) (value[1] << 8) + (int16_t) value[2]);
       }
-      // fall through
+      [[fallthrough]];
     case 0xF:  // int24.
       if (length > 3) {
         return (float) ((int32_t) (value[1] << 16) + (int32_t) (value[2] << 8) + (int32_t) (value[3]));
       }
-      // fall through
+      [[fallthrough]];
     case 0x10:  // int32.
       if (length > 4) {
         return (float) ((int32_t) (value[1] << 24) + (int32_t) (value[2] << 16) + (int32_t) (value[3] << 8) +

esphome/components/esp32_camera/__init__.py

@@ -310,11 +310,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_CAMERA")
 
     if CORE.using_esp_idf:
-        add_idf_component(
+        add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp32-camera", ref="2.0.15")
-            name="esp32-camera",
-            repo="https://github.com/espressif/esp32-camera.git",
-            ref="v2.0.15",
-        )
 
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_STREAM_START, []):
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)

esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+import os
+
+from esphome import pins
+from esphome.components import esp32
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_CLK_PIN,
+    CONF_RESET_PIN,
+    CONF_VARIANT,
+    KEY_CORE,
+    KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@swoboda1337"]
+
+CONF_ACTIVE_HIGH = "active_high"
+CONF_CMD_PIN = "cmd_pin"
+CONF_D0_PIN = "d0_pin"
+CONF_D1_PIN = "d1_pin"
+CONF_D2_PIN = "d2_pin"
+CONF_D3_PIN = "d3_pin"
+CONF_SLOT = "slot"
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_VARIANT): cv.one_of(*esp32.VARIANTS, upper=True),
+            cv.Required(CONF_ACTIVE_HIGH): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Required(CONF_CLK_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
+            cv.Required(CONF_CMD_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
+            cv.Required(CONF_D0_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
+            cv.Required(CONF_D1_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
+            cv.Required(CONF_D2_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
+            cv.Required(CONF_D3_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
+            cv.Required(CONF_RESET_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_SLOT, default=1): cv.int_range(min=0, max=1),
+        }
+    ),
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    if config[CONF_ACTIVE_HIGH]:
+        esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+            "CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_SDIO_RESET_ACTIVE_HIGH",
+            True,
+        )
+    else:
+        esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+            "CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_SDIO_RESET_ACTIVE_LOW",
+            True,
+        )
+    esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+        "CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_SDIO_GPIO_RESET_SLAVE",  # NOLINT
+        config[CONF_RESET_PIN],
+    )
+    esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+        f"CONFIG_SLAVE_IDF_TARGET_{config[CONF_VARIANT]}",  # NOLINT
+        True,
+    )
+    esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+        f"CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_SDIO_SLOT_{config[CONF_SLOT]}",
+        True,
+    )
+    esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+        f"CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_PRIV_SDIO_PIN_CLK_SLOT_{config[CONF_SLOT]}",
+        config[CONF_CLK_PIN],
+    )
+    esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+        f"CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_PRIV_SDIO_PIN_CMD_SLOT_{config[CONF_SLOT]}",
+        config[CONF_CMD_PIN],
+    )
+    esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+        f"CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_PRIV_SDIO_PIN_D0_SLOT_{config[CONF_SLOT]}",
+        config[CONF_D0_PIN],
+    )
+    esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+        f"CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_PRIV_SDIO_PIN_D1_4BIT_BUS_SLOT_{config[CONF_SLOT]}",
+        config[CONF_D1_PIN],
+    )
+    esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+        f"CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_PRIV_SDIO_PIN_D2_4BIT_BUS_SLOT_{config[CONF_SLOT]}",
+        config[CONF_D2_PIN],
+    )
+    esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+        f"CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_PRIV_SDIO_PIN_D3_4BIT_BUS_SLOT_{config[CONF_SLOT]}",
+        config[CONF_D3_PIN],
+    )
+    esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_CUSTOM_SDIO_PINS", True)
+
+    framework_ver: cv.Version = CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION]
+    os.environ["ESP_IDF_VERSION"] = f"{framework_ver.major}.{framework_ver.minor}"
+    esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_wifi_remote", ref="0.10.2")
+    esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/eppp_link", ref="0.2.0")
+    esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_hosted", ref="2.0.11")
+    esp32.add_extra_script(
+        "post",
+        "esp32_hosted.py",
+        os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "esp32_hosted.py.script"),
+    )

esphome/components/esp32_hosted/esp32_hosted.py.script

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# pylint: disable=E0602
+Import("env")  # noqa
+
+# Workaround whole archive issue
+if "__LIB_DEPS" in env and "libespressif__esp_hosted.a" in env["__LIB_DEPS"]:
+    env.Append(
+        LINKFLAGS=[
+            "-Wl,--whole-archive",
+            env["BUILD_DIR"] + "/esp-idf/espressif__esp_hosted/libespressif__esp_hosted.a",
+            "-Wl,--no-whole-archive",
+        ]
+    )

esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py

@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
     cg.add_platformio_option("board", config[CONF_BOARD])
     cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_ESP8266")
-    cg.set_cpp_standard("gnu++17")
+    cg.set_cpp_standard("gnu++20")
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_BOARD", config[CONF_BOARD])
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_VARIANT", "ESP8266")
 

esphome/components/esp8266/gpio.cpp

@@ -129,9 +129,9 @@ void IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::digital_write(bool value) {
     }
   } else {
     if (value != arg->inverted) {
-      *arg->out_set_reg |= 1;
+      *arg->out_set_reg = *arg->out_set_reg | 1;
     } else {
-      *arg->out_set_reg &= ~1;
+      *arg->out_set_reg = *arg->out_set_reg & ~1;
     }
   }
 }
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ void IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
     if (flags & gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT) {
       *arg->mode_set_reg = arg->mask;
       if (flags & gpio::FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN) {
-        *arg->control_reg |= 1 << GPCD;
+        *arg->control_reg = *arg->control_reg | (1 << GPCD);
       } else {
         *arg->control_reg &= ~(1 << GPCD);
       }
@@ -155,21 +155,21 @@ void IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
       *arg->mode_clr_reg = arg->mask;
     }
     if (flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLUP) {
-      *arg->func_reg |= 1 << GPFPU;
+      *arg->func_reg = *arg->func_reg | (1 << GPFPU);
-      *arg->control_reg |= 1 << GPCD;
+      *arg->control_reg = *arg->control_reg | (1 << GPCD);
     } else {
-      *arg->func_reg &= ~(1 << GPFPU);
+      *arg->func_reg = *arg->func_reg & ~(1 << GPFPU);
     }
   } else {
     if (flags & gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT) {
-      *arg->mode_set_reg |= 1;
+      *arg->mode_set_reg = *arg->mode_set_reg | 1;
     } else {
-      *arg->mode_set_reg &= ~1;
+      *arg->mode_set_reg = *arg->mode_set_reg & ~1;
     }
     if (flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLDOWN) {
-      *arg->func_reg |= 1 << GP16FPD;
+      *arg->func_reg = *arg->func_reg | (1 << GP16FPD);
     } else {
-      *arg->func_reg &= ~(1 << GP16FPD);
+      *arg->func_reg = *arg->func_reg & ~(1 << GP16FPD);
     }
   }
 }

esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace ethernet {
 
-enum EthernetType {
+enum EthernetType : uint8_t {
   ETHERNET_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0,
   ETHERNET_TYPE_LAN8720,
   ETHERNET_TYPE_RTL8201,
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ struct PHYRegister {
   uint32_t page;
 };
 
-enum class EthernetComponentState {
+enum class EthernetComponentState : uint8_t {
   STOPPED,
   CONNECTING,
   CONNECTED,
@@ -119,25 +119,31 @@ class EthernetComponent : public Component {
   uint32_t polling_interval_{0};
 #endif
 #else
-  uint8_t phy_addr_{0};
+  // Group all 32-bit members first
   int power_pin_{-1};
-  uint8_t mdc_pin_{23};
-  uint8_t mdio_pin_{18};
   emac_rmii_clock_mode_t clk_mode_{EMAC_CLK_EXT_IN};
   emac_rmii_clock_gpio_t clk_gpio_{EMAC_CLK_IN_GPIO};
   std::vector<PHYRegister> phy_registers_{};
-#endif
-  EthernetType type_{ETHERNET_TYPE_UNKNOWN};
-  optional<ManualIP> manual_ip_{};
 
+  // Group all 8-bit members together
+  uint8_t phy_addr_{0};
+  uint8_t mdc_pin_{23};
+  uint8_t mdio_pin_{18};
+#endif
+  optional<ManualIP> manual_ip_{};
+  uint32_t connect_begin_;
+
+  // Group all uint8_t types together (enums and bools)
+  EthernetType type_{ETHERNET_TYPE_UNKNOWN};
+  EthernetComponentState state_{EthernetComponentState::STOPPED};
   bool started_{false};
   bool connected_{false};
   bool got_ipv4_address_{false};
 #if LWIP_IPV6
   uint8_t ipv6_count_{0};
 #endif /* LWIP_IPV6 */
-  EthernetComponentState state_{EthernetComponentState::STOPPED};
+
-  uint32_t connect_begin_;
+  // Pointers at the end (naturally aligned)
   esp_netif_t *eth_netif_{nullptr};
   esp_eth_handle_t eth_handle_;
   esp_eth_phy_t *phy_{nullptr};

esphome/components/host/__init__.py

@@ -41,6 +41,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_HOST")
     cg.add_define("USE_ESPHOME_HOST_MAC_ADDRESS", config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].parts)
-    cg.add_build_flag("-std=gnu++17")
+    cg.add_build_flag("-std=gnu++20")
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_BOARD", "host")
     cg.add_platformio_option("platform", "platformio/native")

esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp

@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ bool OtaHttpRequestComponent::http_get_md5_() {
 }
 
 bool OtaHttpRequestComponent::validate_url_(const std::string &url) {
-  if ((url.length() < 8) || (url.find("http") != 0) || (url.find("://") == std::string::npos)) {
+  if ((url.length() < 8) || !url.starts_with("http") || (url.find("://") == std::string::npos)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "URL is invalid and/or must be prefixed with 'http://' or 'https://'");
     return false;
   }

esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/hydreon_rgxx.cpp

@@ -159,12 +159,6 @@ void HydreonRGxxComponent::schedule_reboot_() {
   });
 }
 
-bool HydreonRGxxComponent::buffer_starts_with_(const std::string &prefix) {
-  return this->buffer_starts_with_(prefix.c_str());
-}
-
-bool HydreonRGxxComponent::buffer_starts_with_(const char *prefix) { return buffer_.rfind(prefix, 0) == 0; }
-
 void HydreonRGxxComponent::process_line_() {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Read from serial: %s", this->buffer_.substr(0, this->buffer_.size() - 2).c_str());
 
@@ -191,7 +185,7 @@ void HydreonRGxxComponent::process_line_() {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Received EmSat!");
     this->em_sat_ = true;
   }
-  if (this->buffer_starts_with_("PwrDays")) {
+  if (buffer_.starts_with("PwrDays")) {
     if (this->boot_count_ <= 0) {
       this->boot_count_ = 1;
     } else {
@@ -220,7 +214,7 @@ void HydreonRGxxComponent::process_line_() {
     }
     return;
   }
-  if (this->buffer_starts_with_("SW")) {
+  if (buffer_.starts_with("SW")) {
     std::string::size_type majend = this->buffer_.find('.');
     std::string::size_type endversion = this->buffer_.find(' ', 3);
     if (majend == std::string::npos || endversion == std::string::npos || majend > endversion) {
@@ -282,7 +276,7 @@ void HydreonRGxxComponent::process_line_() {
     }
   } else {
     for (const auto *ignore : IGNORE_STRINGS) {
-      if (this->buffer_starts_with_(ignore)) {
+      if (buffer_.starts_with(ignore)) {
         ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Ignoring %s", this->buffer_.substr(0, this->buffer_.size() - 2).c_str());
         return;
       }

esphome/components/i2c/__init__.py

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+import logging
+
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import esp32
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ADDRESS,
@@ -12,6 +15,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SCL,
     CONF_SDA,
     CONF_TIMEOUT,
+    KEY_CORE,
+    KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
     PLATFORM_RP2040,
@@ -19,6 +24,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 
+LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 i2c_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("i2c")
 I2CBus = i2c_ns.class_("I2CBus")
@@ -41,6 +47,32 @@ def _bus_declare_type(value):
     raise NotImplementedError
 
 
+def validate_config(config):
+    if (
+        config[CONF_SCAN]
+        and CORE.is_esp32
+        and CORE.using_esp_idf
+        and esp32.get_esp32_variant()
+        in [
+            esp32.const.VARIANT_ESP32C5,
+            esp32.const.VARIANT_ESP32C6,
+            esp32.const.VARIANT_ESP32P4,
+        ]
+    ):
+        version: cv.Version = CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION]
+        if version.major == 5 and (
+            (version.minor == 3 and version.patch <= 3)
+            or (version.minor == 4 and version.patch <= 1)
+        ):
+            LOGGER.warning(
+                "There is a bug in esp-idf version %s that breaks I2C scan, I2C scan "
+                "has been disabled, see https://github.com/esphome/issues/issues/7128",
+                str(version),
+            )
+            config[CONF_SCAN] = False
+    return config
+
+
 pin_with_input_and_output_support = pins.internal_gpio_pin_number(
     {CONF_OUTPUT: True, CONF_INPUT: True}
 )
@@ -66,6 +98,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         }
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
     cv.only_on([PLATFORM_ESP32, PLATFORM_ESP8266, PLATFORM_RP2040]),
+    validate_config,
 )
 
 

esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
+#define CHECK_BIT(var, pos) (((var) >> (pos)) & 1)
 #define highbyte(val) (uint8_t)((val) >> 8)
 #define lowbyte(val) (uint8_t)((val) &0xff)
 
@@ -17,8 +18,162 @@ namespace esphome {
 namespace ld2410 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ld2410";
+static const char *const NO_MAC = "08:05:04:03:02:01";
+static const char *const UNKNOWN_MAC = "unknown";
+static const char *const VERSION_FMT = "%u.%02X.%02X%02X%02X%02X";
 
-LD2410Component::LD2410Component() {}
+enum BaudRateStructure : uint8_t {
+  BAUD_RATE_9600 = 1,
+  BAUD_RATE_19200 = 2,
+  BAUD_RATE_38400 = 3,
+  BAUD_RATE_57600 = 4,
+  BAUD_RATE_115200 = 5,
+  BAUD_RATE_230400 = 6,
+  BAUD_RATE_256000 = 7,
+  BAUD_RATE_460800 = 8,
+};
+
+enum DistanceResolutionStructure : uint8_t {
+  DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_0_2 = 0x01,
+  DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_0_75 = 0x00,
+};
+
+enum LightFunctionStructure : uint8_t {
+  LIGHT_FUNCTION_OFF = 0x00,
+  LIGHT_FUNCTION_BELOW = 0x01,
+  LIGHT_FUNCTION_ABOVE = 0x02,
+};
+
+enum OutPinLevelStructure : uint8_t {
+  OUT_PIN_LEVEL_LOW = 0x00,
+  OUT_PIN_LEVEL_HIGH = 0x01,
+};
+
+enum PeriodicDataStructure : uint8_t {
+  DATA_TYPES = 6,
+  TARGET_STATES = 8,
+  MOVING_TARGET_LOW = 9,
+  MOVING_TARGET_HIGH = 10,
+  MOVING_ENERGY = 11,
+  STILL_TARGET_LOW = 12,
+  STILL_TARGET_HIGH = 13,
+  STILL_ENERGY = 14,
+  DETECT_DISTANCE_LOW = 15,
+  DETECT_DISTANCE_HIGH = 16,
+  MOVING_SENSOR_START = 19,
+  STILL_SENSOR_START = 28,
+  LIGHT_SENSOR = 37,
+  OUT_PIN_SENSOR = 38,
+};
+
+enum PeriodicDataValue : uint8_t {
+  HEAD = 0xAA,
+  END = 0x55,
+  CHECK = 0x00,
+};
+
+enum AckDataStructure : uint8_t {
+  COMMAND = 6,
+  COMMAND_STATUS = 7,
+};
+
+// Memory-efficient lookup tables
+struct StringToUint8 {
+  const char *str;
+  uint8_t value;
+};
+
+struct Uint8ToString {
+  uint8_t value;
+  const char *str;
+};
+
+constexpr StringToUint8 BAUD_RATES_BY_STR[] = {
+    {"9600", BAUD_RATE_9600},     {"19200", BAUD_RATE_19200},   {"38400", BAUD_RATE_38400},
+    {"57600", BAUD_RATE_57600},   {"115200", BAUD_RATE_115200}, {"230400", BAUD_RATE_230400},
+    {"256000", BAUD_RATE_256000}, {"460800", BAUD_RATE_460800},
+};
+
+constexpr StringToUint8 DISTANCE_RESOLUTIONS_BY_STR[] = {
+    {"0.2m", DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_0_2},
+    {"0.75m", DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_0_75},
+};
+
+constexpr Uint8ToString DISTANCE_RESOLUTIONS_BY_UINT[] = {
+    {DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_0_2, "0.2m"},
+    {DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_0_75, "0.75m"},
+};
+
+constexpr StringToUint8 LIGHT_FUNCTIONS_BY_STR[] = {
+    {"off", LIGHT_FUNCTION_OFF},
+    {"below", LIGHT_FUNCTION_BELOW},
+    {"above", LIGHT_FUNCTION_ABOVE},
+};
+
+constexpr Uint8ToString LIGHT_FUNCTIONS_BY_UINT[] = {
+    {LIGHT_FUNCTION_OFF, "off"},
+    {LIGHT_FUNCTION_BELOW, "below"},
+    {LIGHT_FUNCTION_ABOVE, "above"},
+};
+
+constexpr StringToUint8 OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_STR[] = {
+    {"low", OUT_PIN_LEVEL_LOW},
+    {"high", OUT_PIN_LEVEL_HIGH},
+};
+
+constexpr Uint8ToString OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_UINT[] = {
+    {OUT_PIN_LEVEL_LOW, "low"},
+    {OUT_PIN_LEVEL_HIGH, "high"},
+};
+
+// Helper functions for lookups
+template<size_t N> uint8_t find_uint8(const StringToUint8 (&arr)[N], const std::string &str) {
+  for (const auto &entry : arr) {
+    if (str == entry.str)
+      return entry.value;
+  }
+  return 0xFF;  // Not found
+}
+
+template<size_t N> const char *find_str(const Uint8ToString (&arr)[N], uint8_t value) {
+  for (const auto &entry : arr) {
+    if (value == entry.value)
+      return entry.str;
+  }
+  return "";  // Not found
+}
+
+// Commands
+static const uint8_t CMD_ENABLE_CONF = 0xFF;
+static const uint8_t CMD_DISABLE_CONF = 0xFE;
+static const uint8_t CMD_ENABLE_ENG = 0x62;
+static const uint8_t CMD_DISABLE_ENG = 0x63;
+static const uint8_t CMD_MAXDIST_DURATION = 0x60;
+static const uint8_t CMD_QUERY = 0x61;
+static const uint8_t CMD_GATE_SENS = 0x64;
+static const uint8_t CMD_VERSION = 0xA0;
+static const uint8_t CMD_QUERY_DISTANCE_RESOLUTION = 0xAB;
+static const uint8_t CMD_SET_DISTANCE_RESOLUTION = 0xAA;
+static const uint8_t CMD_QUERY_LIGHT_CONTROL = 0xAE;
+static const uint8_t CMD_SET_LIGHT_CONTROL = 0xAD;
+static const uint8_t CMD_SET_BAUD_RATE = 0xA1;
+static const uint8_t CMD_BT_PASSWORD = 0xA9;
+static const uint8_t CMD_MAC = 0xA5;
+static const uint8_t CMD_RESET = 0xA2;
+static const uint8_t CMD_RESTART = 0xA3;
+static const uint8_t CMD_BLUETOOTH = 0xA4;
+// Commands values
+static const uint8_t CMD_MAX_MOVE_VALUE = 0x00;
+static const uint8_t CMD_MAX_STILL_VALUE = 0x01;
+static const uint8_t CMD_DURATION_VALUE = 0x02;
+// Command Header & Footer
+static const uint8_t CMD_FRAME_HEADER[4] = {0xFD, 0xFC, 0xFB, 0xFA};
+static const uint8_t CMD_FRAME_END[4] = {0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01};
+// Data Header & Footer
+static const uint8_t DATA_FRAME_HEADER[4] = {0xF4, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0xF1};
+static const uint8_t DATA_FRAME_END[4] = {0xF8, 0xF7, 0xF6, 0xF5};
+
+static inline int two_byte_to_int(char firstbyte, char secondbyte) { return (int16_t) (secondbyte << 8) + firstbyte; }
 
 void LD2410Component::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "LD2410:");
@@ -78,7 +233,7 @@ void LD2410Component::dump_config() {
                 "  Throttle: %ums\n"
                 "  MAC address: %s\n"
                 "  Firmware version: %s",
-                this->throttle_, const_cast<char *>(this->mac_.c_str()), const_cast<char *>(this->version_.c_str()));
+                this->throttle_, this->mac_ == NO_MAC ? UNKNOWN_MAC : this->mac_.c_str(), this->version_.c_str());
 }
 
 void LD2410Component::setup() {
@@ -200,7 +355,7 @@ void LD2410Component::handle_periodic_data_(uint8_t *buffer, int len) {
   */
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
   if (this->moving_target_distance_sensor_ != nullptr) {
-    int new_moving_target_distance = this->two_byte_to_int_(buffer[MOVING_TARGET_LOW], buffer[MOVING_TARGET_HIGH]);
+    int new_moving_target_distance = ld2410::two_byte_to_int(buffer[MOVING_TARGET_LOW], buffer[MOVING_TARGET_HIGH]);
     if (this->moving_target_distance_sensor_->get_state() != new_moving_target_distance)
       this->moving_target_distance_sensor_->publish_state(new_moving_target_distance);
   }
@@ -210,7 +365,7 @@ void LD2410Component::handle_periodic_data_(uint8_t *buffer, int len) {
       this->moving_target_energy_sensor_->publish_state(new_moving_target_energy);
   }
   if (this->still_target_distance_sensor_ != nullptr) {
-    int new_still_target_distance = this->two_byte_to_int_(buffer[STILL_TARGET_LOW], buffer[STILL_TARGET_HIGH]);
+    int new_still_target_distance = ld2410::two_byte_to_int(buffer[STILL_TARGET_LOW], buffer[STILL_TARGET_HIGH]);
     if (this->still_target_distance_sensor_->get_state() != new_still_target_distance)
       this->still_target_distance_sensor_->publish_state(new_still_target_distance);
   }
@@ -220,7 +375,7 @@ void LD2410Component::handle_periodic_data_(uint8_t *buffer, int len) {
       this->still_target_energy_sensor_->publish_state(new_still_target_energy);
   }
   if (this->detection_distance_sensor_ != nullptr) {
-    int new_detect_distance = this->two_byte_to_int_(buffer[DETECT_DISTANCE_LOW], buffer[DETECT_DISTANCE_HIGH]);
+    int new_detect_distance = ld2410::two_byte_to_int(buffer[DETECT_DISTANCE_LOW], buffer[DETECT_DISTANCE_HIGH]);
     if (this->detection_distance_sensor_->get_state() != new_detect_distance)
       this->detection_distance_sensor_->publish_state(new_detect_distance);
   }
@@ -282,25 +437,6 @@ void LD2410Component::handle_periodic_data_(uint8_t *buffer, int len) {
 #endif
 }
 
-const char VERSION_FMT[] = "%u.%02X.%02X%02X%02X%02X";
-
-std::string format_version(uint8_t *buffer) {
-  std::string::size_type version_size = 256;
-  std::string version;
-  do {
-    version.resize(version_size + 1);
-    version_size = std::snprintf(&version[0], version.size(), VERSION_FMT, buffer[13], buffer[12], buffer[17],
-                                 buffer[16], buffer[15], buffer[14]);
-  } while (version_size + 1 > version.size());
-  version.resize(version_size);
-  return version;
-}
-
-const char MAC_FMT[] = "%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X";
-
-const std::string UNKNOWN_MAC("unknown");
-const std::string NO_MAC("08:05:04:03:02:01");
-
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
 std::function<void(void)> set_number_value(number::Number *n, float value) {
   float normalized_value = value * 1.0;
@@ -326,7 +462,7 @@ bool LD2410Component::handle_ack_data_(uint8_t *buffer, int len) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid status");
     return true;
   }
-  if (this->two_byte_to_int_(buffer[8], buffer[9]) != 0x00) {
+  if (ld2410::two_byte_to_int(buffer[8], buffer[9]) != 0x00) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid command: %u, %u", buffer[8], buffer[9]);
     return true;
   }
@@ -347,8 +483,8 @@ bool LD2410Component::handle_ack_data_(uint8_t *buffer, int len) {
 #endif
       break;
     case lowbyte(CMD_VERSION):
-      this->version_ = format_version(buffer);
+      this->version_ = str_sprintf(VERSION_FMT, buffer[13], buffer[12], buffer[17], buffer[16], buffer[15], buffer[14]);
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Firmware version: %s", const_cast<char *>(this->version_.c_str()));
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Firmware version: %s", this->version_.c_str());
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
       if (this->version_text_sensor_ != nullptr) {
         this->version_text_sensor_->publish_state(this->version_);
@@ -357,8 +493,8 @@ bool LD2410Component::handle_ack_data_(uint8_t *buffer, int len) {
       break;
     case lowbyte(CMD_QUERY_DISTANCE_RESOLUTION): {
       std::string distance_resolution =
-          DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_INT_TO_ENUM.at(this->two_byte_to_int_(buffer[10], buffer[11]));
+          find_str(DISTANCE_RESOLUTIONS_BY_UINT, ld2410::two_byte_to_int(buffer[10], buffer[11]));
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Distance resolution: %s", const_cast<char *>(distance_resolution.c_str()));
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Distance resolution: %s", distance_resolution.c_str());
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
       if (this->distance_resolution_select_ != nullptr &&
           this->distance_resolution_select_->state != distance_resolution) {
@@ -367,9 +503,9 @@ bool LD2410Component::handle_ack_data_(uint8_t *buffer, int len) {
 #endif
     } break;
     case lowbyte(CMD_QUERY_LIGHT_CONTROL): {
-      this->light_function_ = LIGHT_FUNCTION_INT_TO_ENUM.at(buffer[10]);
+      this->light_function_ = find_str(LIGHT_FUNCTIONS_BY_UINT, buffer[10]);
       this->light_threshold_ = buffer[11] * 1.0;
-      this->out_pin_level_ = OUT_PIN_LEVEL_INT_TO_ENUM.at(buffer[12]);
+      this->out_pin_level_ = find_str(OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_UINT, buffer[12]);
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Light function: %s", const_cast<char *>(this->light_function_.c_str()));
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Light threshold: %f", this->light_threshold_);
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Out pin level: %s", const_cast<char *>(this->out_pin_level_.c_str()));
@@ -402,7 +538,7 @@ bool LD2410Component::handle_ack_data_(uint8_t *buffer, int len) {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SWITCH
       if (this->bluetooth_switch_ != nullptr) {
-        this->bluetooth_switch_->publish_state(this->mac_ != UNKNOWN_MAC);
+        this->bluetooth_switch_->publish_state(this->mac_ != NO_MAC);
       }
 #endif
       break;
@@ -448,7 +584,7 @@ bool LD2410Component::handle_ack_data_(uint8_t *buffer, int len) {
       /*
         None Duration: 33~34th bytes
       */
-      updates.push_back(set_number_value(this->timeout_number_, this->two_byte_to_int_(buffer[32], buffer[33])));
+      updates.push_back(set_number_value(this->timeout_number_, ld2410::two_byte_to_int(buffer[32], buffer[33])));
       for (auto &update : updates) {
         update();
       }
@@ -505,14 +641,14 @@ void LD2410Component::set_bluetooth(bool enable) {
 
 void LD2410Component::set_distance_resolution(const std::string &state) {
   this->set_config_mode_(true);
-  uint8_t cmd_value[2] = {DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_ENUM_TO_INT.at(state), 0x00};
+  uint8_t cmd_value[2] = {find_uint8(DISTANCE_RESOLUTIONS_BY_STR, state), 0x00};
   this->send_command_(CMD_SET_DISTANCE_RESOLUTION, cmd_value, 2);
   this->set_timeout(200, [this]() { this->restart_and_read_all_info(); });
 }
 
 void LD2410Component::set_baud_rate(const std::string &state) {
   this->set_config_mode_(true);
-  uint8_t cmd_value[2] = {BAUD_RATE_ENUM_TO_INT.at(state), 0x00};
+  uint8_t cmd_value[2] = {find_uint8(BAUD_RATES_BY_STR, state), 0x00};
   this->send_command_(CMD_SET_BAUD_RATE, cmd_value, 2);
   this->set_timeout(200, [this]() { this->restart_(); });
 }
@@ -646,9 +782,9 @@ void LD2410Component::set_light_out_control() {
     return;
   }
   this->set_config_mode_(true);
-  uint8_t light_function = LIGHT_FUNCTION_ENUM_TO_INT.at(this->light_function_);
+  uint8_t light_function = find_uint8(LIGHT_FUNCTIONS_BY_STR, this->light_function_);
   uint8_t light_threshold = static_cast<uint8_t>(this->light_threshold_);
-  uint8_t out_pin_level = OUT_PIN_LEVEL_ENUM_TO_INT.at(this->out_pin_level_);
+  uint8_t out_pin_level = find_uint8(OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_STR, this->out_pin_level_);
   uint8_t value[4] = {light_function, light_threshold, out_pin_level, 0x00};
   this->send_command_(CMD_SET_LIGHT_CONTROL, value, 4);
   delay(50);  // NOLINT

esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.h

@@ -26,114 +26,9 @@
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
-#include <map>
-
 namespace esphome {
 namespace ld2410 {
 
-#define CHECK_BIT(var, pos) (((var) >> (pos)) & 1)
-
-// Commands
-static const uint8_t CMD_ENABLE_CONF = 0x00FF;
-static const uint8_t CMD_DISABLE_CONF = 0x00FE;
-static const uint8_t CMD_ENABLE_ENG = 0x0062;
-static const uint8_t CMD_DISABLE_ENG = 0x0063;
-static const uint8_t CMD_MAXDIST_DURATION = 0x0060;
-static const uint8_t CMD_QUERY = 0x0061;
-static const uint8_t CMD_GATE_SENS = 0x0064;
-static const uint8_t CMD_VERSION = 0x00A0;
-static const uint8_t CMD_QUERY_DISTANCE_RESOLUTION = 0x00AB;
-static const uint8_t CMD_SET_DISTANCE_RESOLUTION = 0x00AA;
-static const uint8_t CMD_QUERY_LIGHT_CONTROL = 0x00AE;
-static const uint8_t CMD_SET_LIGHT_CONTROL = 0x00AD;
-static const uint8_t CMD_SET_BAUD_RATE = 0x00A1;
-static const uint8_t CMD_BT_PASSWORD = 0x00A9;
-static const uint8_t CMD_MAC = 0x00A5;
-static const uint8_t CMD_RESET = 0x00A2;
-static const uint8_t CMD_RESTART = 0x00A3;
-static const uint8_t CMD_BLUETOOTH = 0x00A4;
-
-enum BaudRateStructure : uint8_t {
-  BAUD_RATE_9600 = 1,
-  BAUD_RATE_19200 = 2,
-  BAUD_RATE_38400 = 3,
-  BAUD_RATE_57600 = 4,
-  BAUD_RATE_115200 = 5,
-  BAUD_RATE_230400 = 6,
-  BAUD_RATE_256000 = 7,
-  BAUD_RATE_460800 = 8
-};
-
-static const std::map<std::string, uint8_t> BAUD_RATE_ENUM_TO_INT{
-    {"9600", BAUD_RATE_9600},     {"19200", BAUD_RATE_19200},   {"38400", BAUD_RATE_38400},
-    {"57600", BAUD_RATE_57600},   {"115200", BAUD_RATE_115200}, {"230400", BAUD_RATE_230400},
-    {"256000", BAUD_RATE_256000}, {"460800", BAUD_RATE_460800}};
-
-enum DistanceResolutionStructure : uint8_t { DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_0_2 = 0x01, DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_0_75 = 0x00 };
-
-static const std::map<std::string, uint8_t> DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_ENUM_TO_INT{{"0.2m", DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_0_2},
-                                                                            {"0.75m", DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_0_75}};
-static const std::map<uint8_t, std::string> DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_INT_TO_ENUM{{DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_0_2, "0.2m"},
-                                                                            {DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_0_75, "0.75m"}};
-
-enum LightFunctionStructure : uint8_t {
-  LIGHT_FUNCTION_OFF = 0x00,
-  LIGHT_FUNCTION_BELOW = 0x01,
-  LIGHT_FUNCTION_ABOVE = 0x02
-};
-
-static const std::map<std::string, uint8_t> LIGHT_FUNCTION_ENUM_TO_INT{
-    {"off", LIGHT_FUNCTION_OFF}, {"below", LIGHT_FUNCTION_BELOW}, {"above", LIGHT_FUNCTION_ABOVE}};
-static const std::map<uint8_t, std::string> LIGHT_FUNCTION_INT_TO_ENUM{
-    {LIGHT_FUNCTION_OFF, "off"}, {LIGHT_FUNCTION_BELOW, "below"}, {LIGHT_FUNCTION_ABOVE, "above"}};
-
-enum OutPinLevelStructure : uint8_t { OUT_PIN_LEVEL_LOW = 0x00, OUT_PIN_LEVEL_HIGH = 0x01 };
-
-static const std::map<std::string, uint8_t> OUT_PIN_LEVEL_ENUM_TO_INT{{"low", OUT_PIN_LEVEL_LOW},
-                                                                      {"high", OUT_PIN_LEVEL_HIGH}};
-static const std::map<uint8_t, std::string> OUT_PIN_LEVEL_INT_TO_ENUM{{OUT_PIN_LEVEL_LOW, "low"},
-                                                                      {OUT_PIN_LEVEL_HIGH, "high"}};
-
-// Commands values
-static const uint8_t CMD_MAX_MOVE_VALUE = 0x0000;
-static const uint8_t CMD_MAX_STILL_VALUE = 0x0001;
-static const uint8_t CMD_DURATION_VALUE = 0x0002;
-// Command Header & Footer
-static const uint8_t CMD_FRAME_HEADER[4] = {0xFD, 0xFC, 0xFB, 0xFA};
-static const uint8_t CMD_FRAME_END[4] = {0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01};
-// Data Header & Footer
-static const uint8_t DATA_FRAME_HEADER[4] = {0xF4, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0xF1};
-static const uint8_t DATA_FRAME_END[4] = {0xF8, 0xF7, 0xF6, 0xF5};
-/*
-Data Type: 6th byte
-Target states: 9th byte
-    Moving target distance: 10~11th bytes
-    Moving target energy: 12th byte
-    Still target distance: 13~14th bytes
-    Still target energy: 15th byte
-    Detect distance: 16~17th bytes
-*/
-enum PeriodicDataStructure : uint8_t {
-  DATA_TYPES = 6,
-  TARGET_STATES = 8,
-  MOVING_TARGET_LOW = 9,
-  MOVING_TARGET_HIGH = 10,
-  MOVING_ENERGY = 11,
-  STILL_TARGET_LOW = 12,
-  STILL_TARGET_HIGH = 13,
-  STILL_ENERGY = 14,
-  DETECT_DISTANCE_LOW = 15,
-  DETECT_DISTANCE_HIGH = 16,
-  MOVING_SENSOR_START = 19,
-  STILL_SENSOR_START = 28,
-  LIGHT_SENSOR = 37,
-  OUT_PIN_SENSOR = 38,
-};
-enum PeriodicDataValue : uint8_t { HEAD = 0xAA, END = 0x55, CHECK = 0x00 };
-
-enum AckDataStructure : uint8_t { COMMAND = 6, COMMAND_STATUS = 7 };
-
-//  char cmd[2] = {enable ? 0xFF : 0xFE, 0x00};
 class LD2410Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
   SUB_SENSOR(moving_target_distance)
@@ -176,7 +71,6 @@ class LD2410Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
 #endif
 
  public:
-  LD2410Component();
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void loop() override;
@@ -202,7 +96,6 @@ class LD2410Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   void factory_reset();
 
  protected:
-  int two_byte_to_int_(char firstbyte, char secondbyte) { return (int16_t) (secondbyte << 8) + firstbyte; }
   void send_command_(uint8_t command_str, const uint8_t *command_value, int command_value_len);
   void set_config_mode_(bool enable);
   void handle_periodic_data_(uint8_t *buffer, int len);
@@ -215,14 +108,14 @@ class LD2410Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   void get_light_control_();
   void restart_();
 
-  int32_t last_periodic_millis_ = millis();
+  int32_t last_periodic_millis_ = 0;
-  int32_t last_engineering_mode_change_millis_ = millis();
+  int32_t last_engineering_mode_change_millis_ = 0;
   uint16_t throttle_;
+  float light_threshold_ = -1;
   std::string version_;
   std::string mac_;
   std::string out_pin_level_;
   std::string light_function_;
-  float light_threshold_ = -1;
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
   std::vector<number::Number *> gate_still_threshold_numbers_ = std::vector<number::Number *>(9);
   std::vector<number::Number *> gate_move_threshold_numbers_ = std::vector<number::Number *>(9);

esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp

@@ -17,23 +17,109 @@ namespace esphome {
 namespace ld2450 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ld2450";
-static const char *const NO_MAC("08:05:04:03:02:01");
+static const char *const NO_MAC = "08:05:04:03:02:01";
-static const char *const UNKNOWN_MAC("unknown");
+static const char *const UNKNOWN_MAC = "unknown";
+static const char *const VERSION_FMT = "%u.%02X.%02X%02X%02X%02X";
 
+enum BaudRateStructure : uint8_t {
+  BAUD_RATE_9600 = 1,
+  BAUD_RATE_19200 = 2,
+  BAUD_RATE_38400 = 3,
+  BAUD_RATE_57600 = 4,
+  BAUD_RATE_115200 = 5,
+  BAUD_RATE_230400 = 6,
+  BAUD_RATE_256000 = 7,
+  BAUD_RATE_460800 = 8
+};
+
+// Zone type struct
+enum ZoneTypeStructure : uint8_t {
+  ZONE_DISABLED = 0,
+  ZONE_DETECTION = 1,
+  ZONE_FILTER = 2,
+};
+
+enum PeriodicDataStructure : uint8_t {
+  TARGET_X = 4,
+  TARGET_Y = 6,
+  TARGET_SPEED = 8,
+  TARGET_RESOLUTION = 10,
+};
+
+enum PeriodicDataValue : uint8_t {
+  HEAD = 0xAA,
+  END = 0x55,
+  CHECK = 0x00,
+};
+
+enum AckDataStructure : uint8_t {
+  COMMAND = 6,
+  COMMAND_STATUS = 7,
+};
+
+// Memory-efficient lookup tables
+struct StringToUint8 {
+  const char *str;
+  uint8_t value;
+};
+
+struct Uint8ToString {
+  uint8_t value;
+  const char *str;
+};
+
+constexpr StringToUint8 BAUD_RATES_BY_STR[] = {
+    {"9600", BAUD_RATE_9600},     {"19200", BAUD_RATE_19200},   {"38400", BAUD_RATE_38400},
+    {"57600", BAUD_RATE_57600},   {"115200", BAUD_RATE_115200}, {"230400", BAUD_RATE_230400},
+    {"256000", BAUD_RATE_256000}, {"460800", BAUD_RATE_460800},
+};
+
+constexpr Uint8ToString ZONE_TYPE_BY_UINT[] = {
+    {ZONE_DISABLED, "Disabled"},
+    {ZONE_DETECTION, "Detection"},
+    {ZONE_FILTER, "Filter"},
+};
+
+constexpr StringToUint8 ZONE_TYPE_BY_STR[] = {
+    {"Disabled", ZONE_DISABLED},
+    {"Detection", ZONE_DETECTION},
+    {"Filter", ZONE_FILTER},
+};
+
+// Helper functions for lookups
+template<size_t N> uint8_t find_uint8(const StringToUint8 (&arr)[N], const std::string &str) {
+  for (const auto &entry : arr) {
+    if (str == entry.str)
+      return entry.value;
+  }
+  return 0xFF;  // Not found
+}
+
+template<size_t N> const char *find_str(const Uint8ToString (&arr)[N], uint8_t value) {
+  for (const auto &entry : arr) {
+    if (value == entry.value)
+      return entry.str;
+  }
+  return "";  // Not found
+}
+
+// LD2450 serial command header & footer
+static const uint8_t CMD_FRAME_HEADER[4] = {0xFD, 0xFC, 0xFB, 0xFA};
+static const uint8_t CMD_FRAME_END[4] = {0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01};
 // LD2450 UART Serial Commands
-static const uint8_t CMD_ENABLE_CONF = 0x00FF;
+static const uint8_t CMD_ENABLE_CONF = 0xFF;
-static const uint8_t CMD_DISABLE_CONF = 0x00FE;
+static const uint8_t CMD_DISABLE_CONF = 0xFE;
-static const uint8_t CMD_VERSION = 0x00A0;
+static const uint8_t CMD_VERSION = 0xA0;
-static const uint8_t CMD_MAC = 0x00A5;
+static const uint8_t CMD_MAC = 0xA5;
-static const uint8_t CMD_RESET = 0x00A2;
+static const uint8_t CMD_RESET = 0xA2;
-static const uint8_t CMD_RESTART = 0x00A3;
+static const uint8_t CMD_RESTART = 0xA3;
-static const uint8_t CMD_BLUETOOTH = 0x00A4;
+static const uint8_t CMD_BLUETOOTH = 0xA4;
-static const uint8_t CMD_SINGLE_TARGET_MODE = 0x0080;
+static const uint8_t CMD_SINGLE_TARGET_MODE = 0x80;
-static const uint8_t CMD_MULTI_TARGET_MODE = 0x0090;
+static const uint8_t CMD_MULTI_TARGET_MODE = 0x90;
-static const uint8_t CMD_QUERY_TARGET_MODE = 0x0091;
+static const uint8_t CMD_QUERY_TARGET_MODE = 0x91;
-static const uint8_t CMD_SET_BAUD_RATE = 0x00A1;
+static const uint8_t CMD_SET_BAUD_RATE = 0xA1;
-static const uint8_t CMD_QUERY_ZONE = 0x00C1;
+static const uint8_t CMD_QUERY_ZONE = 0xC1;
-static const uint8_t CMD_SET_ZONE = 0x00C2;
+static const uint8_t CMD_SET_ZONE = 0xC2;
 
 static inline uint16_t convert_seconds_to_ms(uint16_t value) { return value * 1000; };
 
@@ -98,13 +184,6 @@ static inline std::string get_direction(int16_t speed) {
   return STATIONARY;
 }
 
-static inline std::string format_version(uint8_t *buffer) {
-  return str_sprintf("%u.%02X.%02X%02X%02X%02X", buffer[13], buffer[12], buffer[17], buffer[16], buffer[15],
-                     buffer[14]);
-}
-
-LD2450Component::LD2450Component() {}
-
 void LD2450Component::setup() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Running setup");
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
@@ -189,7 +268,7 @@ void LD2450Component::dump_config() {
                 "  Throttle: %ums\n"
                 "  MAC Address: %s\n"
                 "  Firmware version: %s",
-                this->throttle_, const_cast<char *>(this->mac_.c_str()), const_cast<char *>(this->version_.c_str()));
+                this->throttle_, this->mac_ == NO_MAC ? UNKNOWN_MAC : this->mac_.c_str(), this->version_.c_str());
 }
 
 void LD2450Component::loop() {
@@ -596,7 +675,7 @@ bool LD2450Component::handle_ack_data_(uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t len) {
 #endif
       break;
     case lowbyte(CMD_VERSION):
-      this->version_ = ld2450::format_version(buffer);
+      this->version_ = str_sprintf(VERSION_FMT, buffer[13], buffer[12], buffer[17], buffer[16], buffer[15], buffer[14]);
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Firmware version: %s", this->version_.c_str());
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
       if (this->version_text_sensor_ != nullptr) {
@@ -617,7 +696,7 @@ bool LD2450Component::handle_ack_data_(uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t len) {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SWITCH
       if (this->bluetooth_switch_ != nullptr) {
-        this->bluetooth_switch_->publish_state(this->mac_ != UNKNOWN_MAC);
+        this->bluetooth_switch_->publish_state(this->mac_ != NO_MAC);
       }
 #endif
       break;
@@ -726,7 +805,7 @@ void LD2450Component::set_bluetooth(bool enable) {
 // Set Baud rate
 void LD2450Component::set_baud_rate(const std::string &state) {
   this->set_config_mode_(true);
-  uint8_t cmd_value[2] = {BAUD_RATE_ENUM_TO_INT.at(state), 0x00};
+  uint8_t cmd_value[2] = {find_uint8(BAUD_RATES_BY_STR, state), 0x00};
   this->send_command_(CMD_SET_BAUD_RATE, cmd_value, 2);
   this->set_timeout(200, [this]() { this->restart_(); });
 }
@@ -734,7 +813,7 @@ void LD2450Component::set_baud_rate(const std::string &state) {
 // Set Zone Type - one of: Disabled, Detection, Filter
 void LD2450Component::set_zone_type(const std::string &state) {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Set zone type: %s", state.c_str());
-  uint8_t zone_type = ZONE_TYPE_ENUM_TO_INT.at(state);
+  uint8_t zone_type = find_uint8(ZONE_TYPE_BY_STR, state);
   this->zone_type_ = zone_type;
   this->send_set_zone_command_();
 }
@@ -742,7 +821,7 @@ void LD2450Component::set_zone_type(const std::string &state) {
 // Publish Zone Type to Select component
 void LD2450Component::publish_zone_type() {
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
-  std::string zone_type = ZONE_TYPE_INT_TO_ENUM.at(static_cast<ZoneTypeStructure>(this->zone_type_));
+  std::string zone_type = find_str(ZONE_TYPE_BY_UINT, this->zone_type_);
   if (this->zone_type_select_ != nullptr) {
     this->zone_type_select_->publish_state(zone_type);
   }

esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <iomanip>
-#include <map>
 #include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
@@ -66,49 +64,6 @@ struct ZoneOfNumbers {
 };
 #endif
 
-enum BaudRateStructure : uint8_t {
-  BAUD_RATE_9600 = 1,
-  BAUD_RATE_19200 = 2,
-  BAUD_RATE_38400 = 3,
-  BAUD_RATE_57600 = 4,
-  BAUD_RATE_115200 = 5,
-  BAUD_RATE_230400 = 6,
-  BAUD_RATE_256000 = 7,
-  BAUD_RATE_460800 = 8
-};
-
-// Convert baud rate enum to int
-static const std::map<std::string, uint8_t> BAUD_RATE_ENUM_TO_INT{
-    {"9600", BAUD_RATE_9600},     {"19200", BAUD_RATE_19200},   {"38400", BAUD_RATE_38400},
-    {"57600", BAUD_RATE_57600},   {"115200", BAUD_RATE_115200}, {"230400", BAUD_RATE_230400},
-    {"256000", BAUD_RATE_256000}, {"460800", BAUD_RATE_460800}};
-
-// Zone type struct
-enum ZoneTypeStructure : uint8_t { ZONE_DISABLED = 0, ZONE_DETECTION = 1, ZONE_FILTER = 2 };
-
-// Convert zone type int to enum
-static const std::map<ZoneTypeStructure, std::string> ZONE_TYPE_INT_TO_ENUM{
-    {ZONE_DISABLED, "Disabled"}, {ZONE_DETECTION, "Detection"}, {ZONE_FILTER, "Filter"}};
-
-// Convert zone type enum to int
-static const std::map<std::string, uint8_t> ZONE_TYPE_ENUM_TO_INT{
-    {"Disabled", ZONE_DISABLED}, {"Detection", ZONE_DETECTION}, {"Filter", ZONE_FILTER}};
-
-// LD2450 serial command header & footer
-static const uint8_t CMD_FRAME_HEADER[4] = {0xFD, 0xFC, 0xFB, 0xFA};
-static const uint8_t CMD_FRAME_END[4] = {0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01};
-
-enum PeriodicDataStructure : uint8_t {
-  TARGET_X = 4,
-  TARGET_Y = 6,
-  TARGET_SPEED = 8,
-  TARGET_RESOLUTION = 10,
-};
-
-enum PeriodicDataValue : uint8_t { HEAD = 0xAA, END = 0x55, CHECK = 0x00 };
-
-enum AckDataStructure : uint8_t { COMMAND = 6, COMMAND_STATUS = 7 };
-
 class LD2450Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
   SUB_SENSOR(target_count)
@@ -141,7 +96,6 @@ class LD2450Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
 #endif
 
  public:
-  LD2450Component();
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void loop() override;
@@ -197,17 +151,17 @@ class LD2450Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   bool get_timeout_status_(uint32_t check_millis);
   uint8_t count_targets_in_zone_(const Zone &zone, bool is_moving);
 
-  Target target_info_[MAX_TARGETS];
-  Zone zone_config_[MAX_ZONES];
-  uint8_t buffer_pos_ = 0;  // where to resume processing/populating buffer
-  uint8_t buffer_data_[MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
   uint32_t last_periodic_millis_ = 0;
   uint32_t presence_millis_ = 0;
   uint32_t still_presence_millis_ = 0;
   uint32_t moving_presence_millis_ = 0;
   uint16_t throttle_ = 0;
   uint16_t timeout_ = 5;
+  uint8_t buffer_pos_ = 0;  // where to resume processing/populating buffer
+  uint8_t buffer_data_[MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
   uint8_t zone_type_ = 0;
+  Target target_info_[MAX_TARGETS];
+  Zone zone_config_[MAX_ZONES];
   std::string version_{};
   std::string mac_{};
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER

esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py

@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ async def component_to_code(config):
     # force using arduino framework
     cg.add_platformio_option("framework", "arduino")
     cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_ARDUINO")
-    cg.set_cpp_standard("gnu++17")
+    cg.set_cpp_standard("gnu++20")
 
     # disable library compatibility checks
     cg.add_platformio_option("lib_ldf_mode", "off")

esphome/components/libretiny/lt_component.cpp

@@ -10,9 +10,11 @@ namespace libretiny {
 static const char *const TAG = "lt.component";
 
 void LTComponent::dump_config() {
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "LibreTiny:");
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Version: %s", LT_BANNER_STR + 10);
+                "LibreTiny:\n"
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Loglevel: %u", LT_LOGLEVEL);
+                "  Version: %s\n"
+                "  Loglevel: %u",
+                LT_BANNER_STR + 10, LT_LOGLEVEL);
 
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
   if (this->version_ != nullptr) {

esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp

@@ -48,6 +48,11 @@ void HOT Logger::log_vprintf_(uint8_t level, const char *tag, int line, const ch
   // For non-main tasks, queue the message for callbacks - but only if we have any callbacks registered
   message_sent =
       this->log_buffer_->send_message_thread_safe(level, tag, static_cast<uint16_t>(line), current_task, format, args);
+  if (message_sent) {
+    // Enable logger loop to process the buffered message
+    // This is safe to call from any context including ISRs
+    this->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
+  }
 #endif  // USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
 
   // Emergency console logging for non-main tasks when ring buffer is full or disabled
@@ -139,6 +144,10 @@ Logger::Logger(uint32_t baud_rate, size_t tx_buffer_size) : baud_rate_(baud_rate
 #ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
 void Logger::init_log_buffer(size_t total_buffer_size) {
   this->log_buffer_ = esphome::make_unique<logger::TaskLogBuffer>(total_buffer_size);
+
+  // Start with loop disabled when using task buffer (unless using USB CDC)
+  // The loop will be enabled automatically when messages arrive
+  this->disable_loop_when_buffer_empty_();
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -189,6 +198,10 @@ void Logger::loop() {
         this->write_msg_(this->tx_buffer_);
       }
     }
+  } else {
+    // No messages to process, disable loop if appropriate
+    // This reduces overhead when there's no async logging activity
+    this->disable_loop_when_buffer_empty_();
   }
 #endif
 }

esphome/components/logger/logger.h

@@ -358,6 +358,26 @@ class Logger : public Component {
     static const uint16_t RESET_COLOR_LEN = strlen(ESPHOME_LOG_RESET_COLOR);
     this->write_body_to_buffer_(ESPHOME_LOG_RESET_COLOR, RESET_COLOR_LEN, buffer, buffer_at, buffer_size);
   }
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  // Disable loop when task buffer is empty (with USB CDC check)
+  inline void disable_loop_when_buffer_empty_() {
+    // Thread safety note: This is safe even if another task calls enable_loop_soon_any_context()
+    // concurrently. If that happens between our check and disable_loop(), the enable request
+    // will be processed on the next main loop iteration since:
+    // - disable_loop() takes effect immediately
+    // - enable_loop_soon_any_context() sets a pending flag that's checked at loop start
+#if defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC) && defined(USE_ARDUINO)
+    // Only disable if not using USB CDC (which needs loop for connection detection)
+    if (this->uart_ != UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC) {
+      this->disable_loop();
+    }
+#else
+    // No USB CDC support, always safe to disable
+    this->disable_loop();
+#endif
+  }
+#endif
 };
 extern Logger *global_logger;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 

esphome/components/lvgl/__init__.py

@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ LVGL_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 ): lvalid.lv_color,
                 cv.Optional(df.CONF_THEME): cv.Schema(
                     {
-                        cv.Optional(name): obj_schema(w)
+                        cv.Optional(name): obj_schema(w).extend(FULL_STYLE_SCHEMA)
                         for name, w in WIDGET_TYPES.items()
                     }
                 ),

esphome/components/lvgl/schemas.py

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ from esphome.core.config import StartupTrigger
 from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT
 
 from . import defines as df, lv_validation as lvalid
-from .defines import CONF_TIME_FORMAT, LV_GRAD_DIR
+from .defines import CONF_TIME_FORMAT, LV_GRAD_DIR, TYPE_GRID
 from .helpers import add_lv_use, requires_component, validate_printf
 from .lv_validation import lv_color, lv_font, lv_gradient, lv_image, opacity
 from .lvcode import LvglComponent, lv_event_t_ptr
@@ -349,7 +349,60 @@ def obj_schema(widget_type: WidgetType):
     )
 
 
+def _validate_grid_layout(config):
+    layout = config[df.CONF_LAYOUT]
+    rows = len(layout[df.CONF_GRID_ROWS])
+    columns = len(layout[df.CONF_GRID_COLUMNS])
+    used_cells = [[None] * columns for _ in range(rows)]
+    for index, widget in enumerate(config[df.CONF_WIDGETS]):
+        _, w = next(iter(widget.items()))
+        if (df.CONF_GRID_CELL_COLUMN_POS in w) != (df.CONF_GRID_CELL_ROW_POS in w):
+            # pylint: disable=raise-missing-from
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                "Both row and column positions must be specified, or both omitted",
+                [df.CONF_WIDGETS, index],
+            )
+        if df.CONF_GRID_CELL_ROW_POS in w:
+            row = w[df.CONF_GRID_CELL_ROW_POS]
+            column = w[df.CONF_GRID_CELL_COLUMN_POS]
+        else:
+            try:
+                row, column = next(
+                    (r_idx, c_idx)
+                    for r_idx, row in enumerate(used_cells)
+                    for c_idx, value in enumerate(row)
+                    if value is None
+                )
+            except StopIteration:
+                # pylint: disable=raise-missing-from
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    "No free cells available in grid layout", [df.CONF_WIDGETS, index]
+                )
+            w[df.CONF_GRID_CELL_ROW_POS] = row
+            w[df.CONF_GRID_CELL_COLUMN_POS] = column
+
+        for i in range(w[df.CONF_GRID_CELL_ROW_SPAN]):
+            for j in range(w[df.CONF_GRID_CELL_COLUMN_SPAN]):
+                if row + i >= rows or column + j >= columns:
+                    # pylint: disable=raise-missing-from
+                    raise cv.Invalid(
+                        f"Cell at {row}/{column} span {w[df.CONF_GRID_CELL_ROW_SPAN]}x{w[df.CONF_GRID_CELL_COLUMN_SPAN]} "
+                        f"exceeds grid size {rows}x{columns}",
+                        [df.CONF_WIDGETS, index],
+                    )
+                if used_cells[row + i][column + j] is not None:
+                    # pylint: disable=raise-missing-from
+                    raise cv.Invalid(
+                        f"Cell span {row + i}/{column + j} already occupied by widget at index {used_cells[row + i][column + j]}",
+                        [df.CONF_WIDGETS, index],
+                    )
+                used_cells[row + i][column + j] = index
+
+    return config
+
+
 LAYOUT_SCHEMAS = {}
+LAYOUT_VALIDATORS = {TYPE_GRID: _validate_grid_layout}
 
 ALIGN_TO_SCHEMA = {
     cv.Optional(df.CONF_ALIGN_TO): cv.Schema(
@@ -402,8 +455,8 @@ LAYOUT_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 GRID_CELL_SCHEMA = {
-    cv.Required(df.CONF_GRID_CELL_ROW_POS): cv.positive_int,
+    cv.Optional(df.CONF_GRID_CELL_ROW_POS): cv.positive_int,
-    cv.Required(df.CONF_GRID_CELL_COLUMN_POS): cv.positive_int,
+    cv.Optional(df.CONF_GRID_CELL_COLUMN_POS): cv.positive_int,
     cv.Optional(df.CONF_GRID_CELL_ROW_SPAN, default=1): cv.positive_int,
     cv.Optional(df.CONF_GRID_CELL_COLUMN_SPAN, default=1): cv.positive_int,
     cv.Optional(df.CONF_GRID_CELL_X_ALIGN): grid_alignments,
@@ -474,7 +527,10 @@ def container_validator(schema, widget_type: WidgetType):
         result = result.extend(
             LAYOUT_SCHEMAS.get(ltype.lower(), LAYOUT_SCHEMAS[df.TYPE_NONE])
         )
-        return result(value)
+        value = result(value)
+        if layout_validator := LAYOUT_VALIDATORS.get(ltype):
+            value = layout_validator(value)
+        return value
 
     return validator
 

esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/mcp23xxx_base.cpp

@@ -6,7 +6,11 @@ namespace mcp23xxx_base {
 
 float MCP23XXXBase::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::IO; }
 
-void MCP23XXXGPIOPin::setup() { pin_mode(flags_); }
+void MCP23XXXGPIOPin::setup() {
+  pin_mode(flags_);
+  this->parent_->pin_interrupt_mode(this->pin_, this->interrupt_mode_);
+}
+
 void MCP23XXXGPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) { this->parent_->pin_mode(this->pin_, flags); }
 bool MCP23XXXGPIOPin::digital_read() { return this->parent_->digital_read(this->pin_) != this->inverted_; }
 void MCP23XXXGPIOPin::digital_write(bool value) { this->parent_->digital_write(this->pin_, value != this->inverted_); }

esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py

@@ -88,12 +88,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if CORE.using_esp_idf and CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION] >= cv.Version(
         5, 0, 0
     ):
-        add_idf_component(
+        add_idf_component(name="espressif/mdns", ref="1.8.2")
-            name="mdns",
-            repo="https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols.git",
-            ref="mdns-v1.8.2",
-            path="components/mdns",
-        )
 
     cg.add_define("USE_MDNS")
 

esphome/components/micro_wake_word/__init__.py

@@ -449,11 +449,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_define("USE_MICRO_WAKE_WORD")
     cg.add_define("USE_OTA_STATE_CALLBACK")
 
-    esp32.add_idf_component(
+    esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp-tflite-micro", ref="1.3.3~1")
-        name="esp-tflite-micro",
-        repo="https://github.com/espressif/esp-tflite-micro",
-        ref="v1.3.3.1",
-    )
 
     cg.add_build_flag("-DTF_LITE_STATIC_MEMORY")
     cg.add_build_flag("-DTF_LITE_DISABLE_X86_NEON")

esphome/components/online_image/online_image.cpp

@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ void OnlineImage::end_connection_() {
 }
 
 bool OnlineImage::validate_url_(const std::string &url) {
-  if ((url.length() < 8) || (url.find("http") != 0) || (url.find("://") == std::string::npos)) {
+  if ((url.length() < 8) || !url.starts_with("http") || (url.find("://") == std::string::npos)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "URL is invalid and/or must be prefixed with 'http://' or 'https://'");
     return false;
   }

esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.cpp

@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ void PN7150::nci_fsm_transition_() {
       } else {
         this->nci_fsm_set_state_(NCIState::NFCC_INIT);
       }
-      // fall through
+      [[fallthrough]];
 
     case NCIState::NFCC_INIT:
       if (this->init_core_() != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ void PN7150::nci_fsm_transition_() {
       } else {
         this->nci_fsm_set_state_(NCIState::NFCC_CONFIG);
       }
-      // fall through
+      [[fallthrough]];
 
     case NCIState::NFCC_CONFIG:
       if (this->send_init_config_() != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ void PN7150::nci_fsm_transition_() {
         this->config_refresh_pending_ = false;
         this->nci_fsm_set_state_(NCIState::NFCC_SET_DISCOVER_MAP);
       }
-      // fall through
+      [[fallthrough]];
 
     case NCIState::NFCC_SET_DISCOVER_MAP:
       if (this->set_discover_map_() != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ void PN7150::nci_fsm_transition_() {
       } else {
         this->nci_fsm_set_state_(NCIState::NFCC_SET_LISTEN_MODE_ROUTING);
       }
-      // fall through
+      [[fallthrough]];
 
     case NCIState::NFCC_SET_LISTEN_MODE_ROUTING:
       if (this->set_listen_mode_routing_() != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ void PN7150::nci_fsm_transition_() {
       } else {
         this->nci_fsm_set_state_(NCIState::RFST_IDLE);
       }
-      // fall through
+      [[fallthrough]];
 
     case NCIState::RFST_IDLE:
       if (this->nci_state_error_ == NCIState::RFST_DISCOVERY) {
@@ -650,14 +650,14 @@ void PN7150::nci_fsm_transition_() {
 
     case NCIState::RFST_W4_HOST_SELECT:
       select_endpoint_();
-      // fall through
+      [[fallthrough]];
 
     // All cases below are waiting for NOTIFICATION messages
     case NCIState::RFST_DISCOVERY:
       if (this->config_refresh_pending_) {
         this->refresh_core_config_();
       }
-      // fall through
+      [[fallthrough]];
 
     case NCIState::RFST_LISTEN_ACTIVE:
     case NCIState::RFST_LISTEN_SLEEP:

esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.cpp

@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ void PN7160::nci_fsm_transition_() {
       } else {
         this->nci_fsm_set_state_(NCIState::NFCC_INIT);
       }
-      // fall through
+      [[fallthrough]];
 
     case NCIState::NFCC_INIT:
       if (this->init_core_() != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ void PN7160::nci_fsm_transition_() {
       } else {
         this->nci_fsm_set_state_(NCIState::NFCC_CONFIG);
       }
-      // fall through
+      [[fallthrough]];
 
     case NCIState::NFCC_CONFIG:
       if (this->send_init_config_() != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ void PN7160::nci_fsm_transition_() {
         this->config_refresh_pending_ = false;
         this->nci_fsm_set_state_(NCIState::NFCC_SET_DISCOVER_MAP);
       }
-      // fall through
+      [[fallthrough]];
 
     case NCIState::NFCC_SET_DISCOVER_MAP:
       if (this->set_discover_map_() != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ void PN7160::nci_fsm_transition_() {
       } else {
         this->nci_fsm_set_state_(NCIState::NFCC_SET_LISTEN_MODE_ROUTING);
       }
-      // fall through
+      [[fallthrough]];
 
     case NCIState::NFCC_SET_LISTEN_MODE_ROUTING:
       if (this->set_listen_mode_routing_() != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ void PN7160::nci_fsm_transition_() {
       } else {
         this->nci_fsm_set_state_(NCIState::RFST_IDLE);
       }
-      // fall through
+      [[fallthrough]];
 
     case NCIState::RFST_IDLE:
       if (this->nci_state_error_ == NCIState::RFST_DISCOVERY) {
@@ -675,14 +675,14 @@ void PN7160::nci_fsm_transition_() {
 
     case NCIState::RFST_W4_HOST_SELECT:
       select_endpoint_();
-      // fall through
+      [[fallthrough]];
 
     // All cases below are waiting for NOTIFICATION messages
     case NCIState::RFST_DISCOVERY:
       if (this->config_refresh_pending_) {
         this->refresh_core_config_();
       }
-      // fall through
+      [[fallthrough]];
 
     case NCIState::RFST_LISTEN_ACTIVE:
     case NCIState::RFST_LISTEN_SLEEP:

esphome/components/pulse_meter/pulse_meter_sensor.cpp

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ void PulseMeterSensor::loop() {
   // If an edge was peeked, repay the debt
   if (this->peeked_edge_ && this->get_->count_ > 0) {
     this->peeked_edge_ = false;
-    this->get_->count_--;
+    this->get_->count_--;  // NOLINT(clang-diagnostic-deprecated-volatile)
   }
 
   // If there is an unprocessed edge, and filter_us_ has passed since, count this edge early
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ void PulseMeterSensor::loop() {
       now - this->get_->last_rising_edge_us_ >= this->filter_us_) {
     this->peeked_edge_ = true;
     this->get_->last_detected_edge_us_ = this->get_->last_rising_edge_us_;
-    this->get_->count_++;
+    this->get_->count_++;  // NOLINT(clang-diagnostic-deprecated-volatile)
   }
 
   // Check if we detected a pulse this loop
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ void IRAM_ATTR PulseMeterSensor::edge_intr(PulseMeterSensor *sensor) {
     state.last_sent_edge_us_ = now;
     set.last_detected_edge_us_ = now;
     set.last_rising_edge_us_ = now;
-    set.count_++;
+    set.count_++;  // NOLINT(clang-diagnostic-deprecated-volatile)
   }
 
   // This ISR is bound to rising edges, so the pin is high
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ void IRAM_ATTR PulseMeterSensor::pulse_intr(PulseMeterSensor *sensor) {
   } else if (length && !state.latched_ && sensor->last_pin_val_) {  // Long enough high edge
     state.latched_ = true;
     set.last_detected_edge_us_ = state.last_intr_;
-    set.count_++;
+    set.count_++;  // NOLINT(clang-diagnostic-deprecated-volatile)
   }
 
   // Due to order of operations this includes

esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/radon_eye_listener.cpp

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ bool RadonEyeListener::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device
 
     // Check if the device name starts with any of the prefixes
     if (std::any_of(prefixes.begin(), prefixes.end(),
-                    [&](const std::string &prefix) { return device.get_name().rfind(prefix, 0) == 0; })) {
+                    [&](const std::string &prefix) { return device.get_name().starts_with(prefix); })) {
       // Device found
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Found Radon Eye device Name: %s (MAC: %s)", device.get_name().c_str(),
                device.address_str().c_str());

esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver_esp8266.cpp

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ void IRAM_ATTR HOT RemoteReceiverComponentStore::gpio_intr(RemoteReceiverCompone
   if (time_since_change <= arg->filter_us)
     return;
 
-  arg->buffer[arg->buffer_write_at = next] = now;
+  arg->buffer[arg->buffer_write_at = next] = now;  // NOLINT(clang-diagnostic-deprecated-volatile)
 }
 
 void RemoteReceiverComponent::setup() {

esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py

@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_platformio_option("lib_ldf_mode", "chain+")
     cg.add_platformio_option("board", config[CONF_BOARD])
     cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_RP2040")
-    cg.set_cpp_standard("gnu++17")
+    cg.set_cpp_standard("gnu++20")
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_BOARD", config[CONF_BOARD])
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_VARIANT", "RP2040")
 

esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.h

@@ -33,12 +33,15 @@ class SafeModeComponent : public Component {
   void write_rtc_(uint32_t val);
   uint32_t read_rtc_();
 
-  bool boot_successful_{false};                   ///< set to true after boot is considered successful
+  // Group all 4-byte aligned members together to avoid padding
   uint32_t safe_mode_boot_is_good_after_{60000};  ///< The amount of time after which the boot is considered successful
   uint32_t safe_mode_enable_time_{60000};         ///< The time safe mode should remain active for
   uint32_t safe_mode_rtc_value_{0};
   uint32_t safe_mode_start_time_{0};  ///< stores when safe mode was enabled
+  // Group 1-byte members together to minimize padding
+  bool boot_successful_{false};  ///< set to true after boot is considered successful
   uint8_t safe_mode_num_attempts_{0};
+  // Larger objects at the end
   ESPPreferenceObject rtc_;
   CallbackManager<void()> safe_mode_callback_{};
 

esphome/components/sensor/sensor.cpp

@@ -23,16 +23,22 @@ std::string state_class_to_string(StateClass state_class) {
 Sensor::Sensor() : state(NAN), raw_state(NAN) {}
 
 int8_t Sensor::get_accuracy_decimals() {
-  if (this->accuracy_decimals_.has_value())
+  if (this->sensor_flags_.has_accuracy_override)
-    return *this->accuracy_decimals_;
+    return this->accuracy_decimals_;
   return 0;
 }
-void Sensor::set_accuracy_decimals(int8_t accuracy_decimals) { this->accuracy_decimals_ = accuracy_decimals; }
+void Sensor::set_accuracy_decimals(int8_t accuracy_decimals) {
+  this->accuracy_decimals_ = accuracy_decimals;
+  this->sensor_flags_.has_accuracy_override = true;
+}
 
-void Sensor::set_state_class(StateClass state_class) { this->state_class_ = state_class; }
+void Sensor::set_state_class(StateClass state_class) {
+  this->state_class_ = state_class;
+  this->sensor_flags_.has_state_class_override = true;
+}
 StateClass Sensor::get_state_class() {
-  if (this->state_class_.has_value())
+  if (this->sensor_flags_.has_state_class_override)
-    return *this->state_class_;
+    return this->state_class_;
   return StateClass::STATE_CLASS_NONE;
 }
 

esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h

@@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ class Sensor : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass, public EntityBa
    * state changes to the database when they are published, even if the state is the
    * same as before.
    */
-  bool get_force_update() const { return force_update_; }
+  bool get_force_update() const { return sensor_flags_.force_update; }
   /// Set force update mode.
-  void set_force_update(bool force_update) { force_update_ = force_update; }
+  void set_force_update(bool force_update) { sensor_flags_.force_update = force_update; }
 
   /// Add a filter to the filter chain. Will be appended to the back.
   void add_filter(Filter *filter);
@@ -155,9 +155,17 @@ class Sensor : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass, public EntityBa
 
   Filter *filter_list_{nullptr};  ///< Store all active filters.
 
-  optional<int8_t> accuracy_decimals_;                  ///< Accuracy in decimals override
+  // Group small members together to avoid padding
-  optional<StateClass> state_class_{STATE_CLASS_NONE};  ///< State class override
+  int8_t accuracy_decimals_{-1};              ///< Accuracy in decimals (-1 = not set)
-  bool force_update_{false};                            ///< Force update mode
+  StateClass state_class_{STATE_CLASS_NONE};  ///< State class (STATE_CLASS_NONE = not set)
+
+  // Bit-packed flags for sensor-specific settings
+  struct SensorFlags {
+    uint8_t has_accuracy_override : 1;
+    uint8_t has_state_class_override : 1;
+    uint8_t force_update : 1;
+    uint8_t reserved : 5;  // Reserved for future use
+  } sensor_flags_{};
 };
 
 }  // namespace sensor

esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/stm32flash.cpp

@@ -445,8 +445,7 @@ template<typename T> stm32_err_t stm32_check_ack_timeout(const stm32_err_t s_err
       return STM32_ERR_OK;
     case STM32_ERR_NACK:
       log();
-      // TODO: c++17 [[fallthrough]]
+      [[fallthrough]];
-      /* fallthrough */
     default:
       return STM32_ERR_UNKNOWN;
   }

esphome/components/sn74hc595/sn74hc595.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "sn74hc595.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <ranges>
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace sn74hc595 {
@@ -55,9 +56,9 @@ void SN74HC595Component::digital_write_(uint16_t pin, bool value) {
 }
 
 void SN74HC595GPIOComponent::write_gpio() {
-  for (auto byte = this->output_bytes_.rbegin(); byte != this->output_bytes_.rend(); byte++) {
+  for (uint8_t &output_byte : std::ranges::reverse_view(this->output_bytes_)) {
     for (int8_t i = 7; i >= 0; i--) {
-      bool bit = (*byte >> i) & 1;
+      bool bit = (output_byte >> i) & 1;
       this->data_pin_->digital_write(bit);
       this->clock_pin_->digital_write(true);
       this->clock_pin_->digital_write(false);
@@ -68,9 +69,9 @@ void SN74HC595GPIOComponent::write_gpio() {
 
 #ifdef USE_SPI
 void SN74HC595SPIComponent::write_gpio() {
-  for (auto byte = this->output_bytes_.rbegin(); byte != this->output_bytes_.rend(); byte++) {
+  for (uint8_t &output_byte : std::ranges::reverse_view(this->output_bytes_)) {
     this->enable();
-    this->transfer_byte(*byte);
+    this->transfer_byte(output_byte);
     this->disable();
   }
   SN74HC595Component::write_gpio();

esphome/components/speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.cpp

@@ -343,10 +343,9 @@ void AudioPipeline::read_task(void *params) {
     xEventGroupSetBits(this_pipeline->event_group_, EventGroupBits::READER_MESSAGE_FINISHED);
 
     // Wait until the pipeline notifies us the source of the media file
-    EventBits_t event_bits =
+    EventBits_t event_bits = xEventGroupWaitBits(
-        xEventGroupWaitBits(this_pipeline->event_group_,
+        this_pipeline->event_group_,
-                            EventGroupBits::READER_COMMAND_INIT_FILE | EventGroupBits::READER_COMMAND_INIT_HTTP |
+        EventGroupBits::READER_COMMAND_INIT_FILE | EventGroupBits::READER_COMMAND_INIT_HTTP,  // Bit message to read
-                                EventGroupBits::PIPELINE_COMMAND_STOP,  // Bit message to read
         pdFALSE,                                                                              // Clear the bit on exit
         pdFALSE,                                                                              // Wait for all the bits,
         portMAX_DELAY);  // Block indefinitely until bit is set
@@ -434,9 +433,9 @@ void AudioPipeline::decode_task(void *params) {
     xEventGroupSetBits(this_pipeline->event_group_, EventGroupBits::DECODER_MESSAGE_FINISHED);
 
     // Wait until the reader notifies us that the media type is available
-    EventBits_t event_bits = xEventGroupWaitBits(this_pipeline->event_group_,
+    EventBits_t event_bits =
-                                                 EventGroupBits::READER_MESSAGE_LOADED_MEDIA_TYPE |
+        xEventGroupWaitBits(this_pipeline->event_group_,
-                                                     EventGroupBits::PIPELINE_COMMAND_STOP,  // Bit message to read
+                            EventGroupBits::READER_MESSAGE_LOADED_MEDIA_TYPE,  // Bit message to read
                             pdFALSE,                                           // Clear the bit on exit
                             pdFALSE,                                           // Wait for all the bits,
                             portMAX_DELAY);                                    // Block indefinitely until bit is set

esphome/components/sun/sun.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "sun.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <numbers>
 
 /*
 The formulas/algorithms in this module are based on the book
@@ -18,14 +19,12 @@ using namespace esphome::sun::internal;
 
 static const char *const TAG = "sun";
 
-#undef PI
 #undef degrees
 #undef radians
 #undef sq
 
-static const num_t PI = 3.141592653589793;
+inline num_t degrees(num_t rad) { return rad * 180 / std::numbers::pi; }
-inline num_t degrees(num_t rad) { return rad * 180 / PI; }
+inline num_t radians(num_t deg) { return deg * std::numbers::pi / 180; }
-inline num_t radians(num_t deg) { return deg * PI / 180; }
 inline num_t arcdeg(num_t deg, num_t minutes, num_t seconds) { return deg + minutes / 60 + seconds / 3600; }
 inline num_t sq(num_t x) { return x * x; }
 inline num_t cb(num_t x) { return x * x * x; }

esphome/components/tx20/tx20.cpp

@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ void IRAM_ATTR Tx20ComponentStore::gpio_intr(Tx20ComponentStore *arg) {
     }
     arg->buffer[arg->buffer_index] = 1;
     arg->start_time = now;
-    arg->buffer_index++;
+    arg->buffer_index++;  // NOLINT(clang-diagnostic-deprecated-volatile)
     return;
   }
   const uint32_t delay = now - arg->start_time;
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ void IRAM_ATTR Tx20ComponentStore::gpio_intr(Tx20ComponentStore *arg) {
   }
   arg->spent_time += delay;
   arg->start_time = now;
-  arg->buffer_index++;
+  arg->buffer_index++;  // NOLINT(clang-diagnostic-deprecated-volatile)
 }
 void IRAM_ATTR Tx20ComponentStore::reset() {
   tx20_available = false;

esphome/components/voice_assistant/__init__.py

@@ -17,10 +17,11 @@ from esphome.const import (
 AUTO_LOAD = ["socket"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["api", "microphone"]
 
-CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz", "@kahrendt"]
 
 CONF_ON_END = "on_end"
 CONF_ON_INTENT_END = "on_intent_end"
+CONF_ON_INTENT_PROGRESS = "on_intent_progress"
 CONF_ON_INTENT_START = "on_intent_start"
 CONF_ON_LISTENING = "on_listening"
 CONF_ON_START = "on_start"
@@ -136,6 +137,9 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_INTENT_START): automation.validate_automation(
                 single=True
             ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_INTENT_PROGRESS): automation.validate_automation(
+                single=True
+            ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_INTENT_END): automation.validate_automation(
                 single=True
             ),
@@ -282,6 +286,13 @@ async def to_code(config):
             config[CONF_ON_INTENT_START],
         )
 
+    if CONF_ON_INTENT_PROGRESS in config:
+        await automation.build_automation(
+            var.get_intent_progress_trigger(),
+            [(cg.std_string, "x")],
+            config[CONF_ON_INTENT_PROGRESS],
+        )
+
     if CONF_ON_INTENT_END in config:
         await automation.build_automation(
             var.get_intent_end_trigger(),

esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp

@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ void VoiceAssistant::request_stop() {
       break;
     case State::AWAITING_RESPONSE:
       this->signal_stop_();
-      break;
+      // Fallthrough intended to stop a streaming TTS announcement that has potentially started
     case State::STREAMING_RESPONSE:
 #ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
       // Stop any ongoing media player announcement
@@ -599,6 +599,14 @@ void VoiceAssistant::on_event(const api::VoiceAssistantEventResponse &msg) {
   switch (msg.event_type) {
     case api::enums::VOICE_ASSISTANT_RUN_START:
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Assist Pipeline running");
+#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
+      this->started_streaming_tts_ = false;
+      for (auto arg : msg.data) {
+        if (arg.name == "url") {
+          this->tts_response_url_ = std::move(arg.value);
+        }
+      }
+#endif
       this->defer([this]() { this->start_trigger_->trigger(); });
       break;
     case api::enums::VOICE_ASSISTANT_WAKE_WORD_START:
@@ -622,6 +630,8 @@ void VoiceAssistant::on_event(const api::VoiceAssistantEventResponse &msg) {
       if (text.empty()) {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No text in STT_END event");
         return;
+      } else if (text.length() > 500) {
+        text = text.substr(0, 497) + "...";
       }
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Speech recognised as: \"%s\"", text.c_str());
       this->defer([this, text]() { this->stt_end_trigger_->trigger(text); });
@@ -631,6 +641,27 @@ void VoiceAssistant::on_event(const api::VoiceAssistantEventResponse &msg) {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Intent started");
       this->defer([this]() { this->intent_start_trigger_->trigger(); });
       break;
+    case api::enums::VOICE_ASSISTANT_INTENT_PROGRESS: {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Intent progress");
+      std::string tts_url_for_trigger = "";
+#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
+      if (this->media_player_ != nullptr) {
+        for (const auto &arg : msg.data) {
+          if ((arg.name == "tts_start_streaming") && (arg.value == "1") && !this->tts_response_url_.empty()) {
+            this->media_player_->make_call().set_media_url(this->tts_response_url_).set_announcement(true).perform();
+
+            this->media_player_wait_for_announcement_start_ = true;
+            this->media_player_wait_for_announcement_end_ = false;
+            this->started_streaming_tts_ = true;
+            tts_url_for_trigger = this->tts_response_url_;
+            this->tts_response_url_.clear();  // Reset streaming URL
+          }
+        }
+      }
+#endif
+      this->defer([this, tts_url_for_trigger]() { this->intent_progress_trigger_->trigger(tts_url_for_trigger); });
+      break;
+    }
     case api::enums::VOICE_ASSISTANT_INTENT_END: {
       for (auto arg : msg.data) {
         if (arg.name == "conversation_id") {
@@ -653,6 +684,9 @@ void VoiceAssistant::on_event(const api::VoiceAssistantEventResponse &msg) {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No text in TTS_START event");
         return;
       }
+      if (text.length() > 500) {
+        text = text.substr(0, 497) + "...";
+      }
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Response: \"%s\"", text.c_str());
       this->defer([this, text]() {
         this->tts_start_trigger_->trigger(text);
@@ -678,7 +712,7 @@ void VoiceAssistant::on_event(const api::VoiceAssistantEventResponse &msg) {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Response URL: \"%s\"", url.c_str());
       this->defer([this, url]() {
 #ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-        if (this->media_player_ != nullptr) {
+        if ((this->media_player_ != nullptr) && (!this->started_streaming_tts_)) {
           this->media_player_->make_call().set_media_url(url).set_announcement(true).perform();
 
           this->media_player_wait_for_announcement_start_ = true;

esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.h

@@ -177,6 +177,7 @@ class VoiceAssistant : public Component {
 
   Trigger<> *get_intent_end_trigger() const { return this->intent_end_trigger_; }
   Trigger<> *get_intent_start_trigger() const { return this->intent_start_trigger_; }
+  Trigger<std::string> *get_intent_progress_trigger() const { return this->intent_progress_trigger_; }
   Trigger<> *get_listening_trigger() const { return this->listening_trigger_; }
   Trigger<> *get_end_trigger() const { return this->end_trigger_; }
   Trigger<> *get_start_trigger() const { return this->start_trigger_; }
@@ -233,6 +234,7 @@ class VoiceAssistant : public Component {
   Trigger<> *tts_stream_start_trigger_ = new Trigger<>();
   Trigger<> *tts_stream_end_trigger_ = new Trigger<>();
 #endif
+  Trigger<std::string> *intent_progress_trigger_ = new Trigger<std::string>();
   Trigger<> *wake_word_detected_trigger_ = new Trigger<>();
   Trigger<std::string> *stt_end_trigger_ = new Trigger<std::string>();
   Trigger<std::string> *tts_end_trigger_ = new Trigger<std::string>();
@@ -268,6 +270,8 @@ class VoiceAssistant : public Component {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
   media_player::MediaPlayer *media_player_{nullptr};
+  std::string tts_response_url_{""};
+  bool started_streaming_tts_{false};
   bool media_player_wait_for_announcement_start_{false};
   bool media_player_wait_for_announcement_end_{false};
 #endif

esphome/components/wiegand/wiegand.cpp

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ static const char *const KEYS = "0123456789*#";
 void IRAM_ATTR HOT WiegandStore::d0_gpio_intr(WiegandStore *arg) {
   if (arg->d0.digital_read())
     return;
-  arg->count++;
+  arg->count++;  // NOLINT(clang-diagnostic-deprecated-volatile)
   arg->value <<= 1;
   arg->last_bit_time = millis();
   arg->done = false;
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ void IRAM_ATTR HOT WiegandStore::d0_gpio_intr(WiegandStore *arg) {
 void IRAM_ATTR HOT WiegandStore::d1_gpio_intr(WiegandStore *arg) {
   if (arg->d1.digital_read())
     return;
-  arg->count++;
+  arg->count++;  // NOLINT(clang-diagnostic-deprecated-volatile)
   arg->value = (arg->value << 1) | 1;
   arg->last_bit_time = millis();
   arg->done = false;

esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ struct SavedWifiFastConnectSettings {
   uint8_t channel;
 } PACKED;  // NOLINT
 
-enum WiFiComponentState {
+enum WiFiComponentState : uint8_t {
   /** Nothing has been initialized yet. Internal AP, if configured, is disabled at this point. */
   WIFI_COMPONENT_STATE_OFF = 0,
   /** WiFi is disabled. */
@@ -146,14 +146,14 @@ class WiFiAP {
 
  protected:
   std::string ssid_;
-  optional<bssid_t> bssid_;
   std::string password_;
+  optional<bssid_t> bssid_;
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_WPA2_EAP
   optional<EAPAuth> eap_;
 #endif  // USE_WIFI_WPA2_EAP
-  optional<uint8_t> channel_;
-  float priority_{0};
   optional<ManualIP> manual_ip_;
+  float priority_{0};
+  optional<uint8_t> channel_;
   bool hidden_{false};
 };
 
@@ -177,14 +177,14 @@ class WiFiScanResult {
   bool operator==(const WiFiScanResult &rhs) const;
 
  protected:
-  bool matches_{false};
   bssid_t bssid_;
   std::string ssid_;
+  float priority_{0.0f};
   uint8_t channel_;
   int8_t rssi_;
+  bool matches_{false};
   bool with_auth_;
   bool is_hidden_;
-  float priority_{0.0f};
 };
 
 struct WiFiSTAPriority {
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ struct WiFiSTAPriority {
   float priority;
 };
 
-enum WiFiPowerSaveMode {
+enum WiFiPowerSaveMode : uint8_t {
   WIFI_POWER_SAVE_NONE = 0,
   WIFI_POWER_SAVE_LIGHT,
   WIFI_POWER_SAVE_HIGH,
@@ -383,28 +383,36 @@ class WiFiComponent : public Component {
   std::string use_address_;
   std::vector<WiFiAP> sta_;
   std::vector<WiFiSTAPriority> sta_priorities_;
+  std::vector<WiFiScanResult> scan_result_;
   WiFiAP selected_ap_;
-  bool fast_connect_{false};
-  bool retry_hidden_{false};
-
-  bool has_ap_{false};
   WiFiAP ap_;
-  WiFiComponentState state_{WIFI_COMPONENT_STATE_OFF};
+  optional<float> output_power_;
-  bool handled_connected_state_{false};
+  ESPPreferenceObject pref_;
+  ESPPreferenceObject fast_connect_pref_;
+
+  // Group all 32-bit integers together
   uint32_t action_started_;
-  uint8_t num_retried_{0};
   uint32_t last_connected_{0};
   uint32_t reboot_timeout_{};
   uint32_t ap_timeout_{};
+
+  // Group all 8-bit values together
+  WiFiComponentState state_{WIFI_COMPONENT_STATE_OFF};
   WiFiPowerSaveMode power_save_{WIFI_POWER_SAVE_NONE};
+  uint8_t num_retried_{0};
+#if USE_NETWORK_IPV6
+  uint8_t num_ipv6_addresses_{0};
+#endif /* USE_NETWORK_IPV6 */
+
+  // Group all boolean values together
+  bool fast_connect_{false};
+  bool retry_hidden_{false};
+  bool has_ap_{false};
+  bool handled_connected_state_{false};
   bool error_from_callback_{false};
-  std::vector<WiFiScanResult> scan_result_;
   bool scan_done_{false};
   bool ap_setup_{false};
-  optional<float> output_power_;
   bool passive_scan_{false};
-  ESPPreferenceObject pref_;
-  ESPPreferenceObject fast_connect_pref_;
   bool has_saved_wifi_settings_{false};
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_11KV_SUPPORT
   bool btm_{false};
@@ -412,10 +420,8 @@ class WiFiComponent : public Component {
 #endif
   bool enable_on_boot_;
   bool got_ipv4_address_{false};
-#if USE_NETWORK_IPV6
-  uint8_t num_ipv6_addresses_{0};
-#endif /* USE_NETWORK_IPV6 */
 
+  // Pointers at the end (naturally aligned)
   Trigger<> *connect_trigger_{new Trigger<>()};
   Trigger<> *disconnect_trigger_{new Trigger<>()};
 };

esphome/core/application.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/version.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <ranges>
 
 #ifdef USE_STATUS_LED
 #include "esphome/components/status_led/status_led.h"
@@ -184,8 +185,8 @@ void IRAM_ATTR HOT Application::feed_wdt(uint32_t time) {
 }
 void Application::reboot() {
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Forcing a reboot");
-  for (auto it = this->components_.rbegin(); it != this->components_.rend(); ++it) {
+  for (auto &component : std::ranges::reverse_view(this->components_)) {
-    (*it)->on_shutdown();
+    component->on_shutdown();
   }
   arch_restart();
 }
@@ -198,17 +199,17 @@ void Application::safe_reboot() {
 }
 
 void Application::run_safe_shutdown_hooks() {
-  for (auto it = this->components_.rbegin(); it != this->components_.rend(); ++it) {
+  for (auto &component : std::ranges::reverse_view(this->components_)) {
-    (*it)->on_safe_shutdown();
+    component->on_safe_shutdown();
   }
-  for (auto it = this->components_.rbegin(); it != this->components_.rend(); ++it) {
+  for (auto &component : std::ranges::reverse_view(this->components_)) {
-    (*it)->on_shutdown();
+    component->on_shutdown();
   }
 }
 
 void Application::run_powerdown_hooks() {
-  for (auto it = this->components_.rbegin(); it != this->components_.rend(); ++it) {
+  for (auto &component : std::ranges::reverse_view(this->components_)) {
-    (*it)->on_powerdown();
+    component->on_powerdown();
   }
 }
 

esphome/core/application.h

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <limits>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
@@ -335,11 +337,16 @@ class Application {
    * Each component can request a high frequency loop execution by using the HighFrequencyLoopRequester
    * helper in helpers.h
    *
+   * Note: This method is not called by ESPHome core code. It is only used by lambda functions
+   * in YAML configurations or by external components.
+   *
    * @param loop_interval The interval in milliseconds to run the core loop at. Defaults to 16 milliseconds.
    */
-  void set_loop_interval(uint32_t loop_interval) { this->loop_interval_ = loop_interval; }
+  void set_loop_interval(uint32_t loop_interval) {
+    this->loop_interval_ = std::min(loop_interval, static_cast<uint32_t>(std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max()));
+  }
 
-  uint32_t get_loop_interval() const { return this->loop_interval_; }
+  uint32_t get_loop_interval() const { return static_cast<uint32_t>(this->loop_interval_); }
 
   void schedule_dump_config() { this->dump_config_at_ = 0; }
 
@@ -618,6 +625,17 @@ class Application {
   /// Perform a delay while also monitoring socket file descriptors for readiness
   void yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms);
 
+  // === Member variables ordered by size to minimize padding ===
+
+  // Pointer-sized members first
+  Component *current_component_{nullptr};
+  const char *comment_{nullptr};
+  const char *compilation_time_{nullptr};
+
+  // size_t members
+  size_t dump_config_at_{SIZE_MAX};
+
+  // Vectors (largest members)
   std::vector<Component *> components_{};
 
   // Partitioned vector design for looping components
@@ -637,11 +655,6 @@ class Application {
   //   and active_end_ is incremented
   // - This eliminates branch mispredictions from flag checking in the hot loop
   std::vector<Component *> looping_components_{};
-  uint16_t looping_components_active_end_{0};
-
-  // For safe reentrant modifications during iteration
-  uint16_t current_loop_index_{0};
-  bool in_loop_{false};
 
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   std::vector<Device *> devices_{};
@@ -713,24 +726,37 @@ class Application {
   std::vector<update::UpdateEntity *> updates_{};
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+  std::vector<int> socket_fds_;  // Vector of all monitored socket file descriptors
+#endif
+
+  // String members
   std::string name_;
   std::string friendly_name_;
-  const char *comment_{nullptr};
+
-  const char *compilation_time_{nullptr};
+  // 4-byte members
-  bool name_add_mac_suffix_;
   uint32_t last_loop_{0};
-  uint32_t loop_interval_{16};
-  size_t dump_config_at_{SIZE_MAX};
-  uint8_t app_state_{0};
-  volatile bool has_pending_enable_loop_requests_{false};
-  Component *current_component_{nullptr};
   uint32_t loop_component_start_time_{0};
 
 #ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
-  // Socket select management
-  std::vector<int> socket_fds_;     // Vector of all monitored socket file descriptors
-  bool socket_fds_changed_{false};  // Flag to rebuild base_read_fds_ when socket_fds_ changes
   int max_fd_{-1};  // Highest file descriptor number for select()
+#endif
+
+  // 2-byte members (grouped together for alignment)
+  uint16_t loop_interval_{16};  // Loop interval in ms (max 65535ms = 65.5 seconds)
+  uint16_t looping_components_active_end_{0};
+  uint16_t current_loop_index_{0};  // For safe reentrant modifications during iteration
+
+  // 1-byte members (grouped together to minimize padding)
+  uint8_t app_state_{0};
+  bool name_add_mac_suffix_;
+  bool in_loop_{false};
+  volatile bool has_pending_enable_loop_requests_{false};
+
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+  bool socket_fds_changed_{false};  // Flag to rebuild base_read_fds_ when socket_fds_ changes
+
+  // Variable-sized members at end
   fd_set base_read_fds_{};  // Cached fd_set rebuilt only when socket_fds_ changes
   fd_set read_fds_{};       // Working fd_set for select(), copied from base_read_fds_
 #endif

esphome/core/automation.h

@@ -27,20 +27,67 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
  public:
   TemplatableValue() : type_(NONE) {}
 
-  template<typename F, enable_if_t<!is_invocable<F, X...>::value, int> = 0>
+  template<typename F, enable_if_t<!is_invocable<F, X...>::value, int> = 0> TemplatableValue(F value) : type_(VALUE) {
-  TemplatableValue(F value) : type_(VALUE), value_(std::move(value)) {}
+    new (&this->value_) T(std::move(value));
+  }
 
-  template<typename F, enable_if_t<is_invocable<F, X...>::value, int> = 0>
+  template<typename F, enable_if_t<is_invocable<F, X...>::value, int> = 0> TemplatableValue(F f) : type_(LAMBDA) {
-  TemplatableValue(F f) : type_(LAMBDA), f_(f) {}
+    this->f_ = new std::function<T(X...)>(std::move(f));
+  }
+
+  // Copy constructor
+  TemplatableValue(const TemplatableValue &other) : type_(other.type_) {
+    if (type_ == VALUE) {
+      new (&this->value_) T(other.value_);
+    } else if (type_ == LAMBDA) {
+      this->f_ = new std::function<T(X...)>(*other.f_);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Move constructor
+  TemplatableValue(TemplatableValue &&other) noexcept : type_(other.type_) {
+    if (type_ == VALUE) {
+      new (&this->value_) T(std::move(other.value_));
+    } else if (type_ == LAMBDA) {
+      this->f_ = other.f_;
+      other.f_ = nullptr;
+    }
+    other.type_ = NONE;
+  }
+
+  // Assignment operators
+  TemplatableValue &operator=(const TemplatableValue &other) {
+    if (this != &other) {
+      this->~TemplatableValue();
+      new (this) TemplatableValue(other);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  TemplatableValue &operator=(TemplatableValue &&other) noexcept {
+    if (this != &other) {
+      this->~TemplatableValue();
+      new (this) TemplatableValue(std::move(other));
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  ~TemplatableValue() {
+    if (type_ == VALUE) {
+      this->value_.~T();
+    } else if (type_ == LAMBDA) {
+      delete this->f_;
+    }
+  }
 
   bool has_value() { return this->type_ != NONE; }
 
   T value(X... x) {
     if (this->type_ == LAMBDA) {
-      return this->f_(x...);
+      return (*this->f_)(x...);
     }
     // return value also when none
-    return this->value_;
+    return this->type_ == VALUE ? this->value_ : T{};
   }
 
   optional<T> optional_value(X... x) {
@@ -58,14 +105,16 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
   }
 
  protected:
-  enum {
+  enum : uint8_t {
     NONE,
     VALUE,
     LAMBDA,
   } type_;
 
-  T value_{};
+  union {
-  std::function<T(X...)> f_{};
+    T value_;
+    std::function<T(X...)> *f_;
+  };
 };
 
 /** Base class for all automation conditions.

esphome/core/component_iterator.cpp

@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ void ComponentIterator::advance() {
   }
 
   if (advance_platform) {
-    this->state_ = static_cast<IteratorState>(static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state_) + 1);
+    this->state_ = static_cast<IteratorState>(static_cast<uint8_t>(this->state_) + 1);
     this->at_ = 0;
   } else if (success) {
     this->at_++;

esphome/core/component_iterator.h

@@ -93,7 +93,9 @@ class ComponentIterator {
   virtual bool on_end();
 
  protected:
-  enum class IteratorState {
+  // Iterates over all ESPHome entities (sensors, switches, lights, etc.)
+  // Supports up to 256 entity types and up to 65,535 entities of each type
+  enum class IteratorState : uint8_t {
     NONE = 0,
     BEGIN,
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
@@ -167,7 +169,7 @@ class ComponentIterator {
 #endif
     MAX,
   } state_{IteratorState::NONE};
-  size_t at_{0};
+  uint16_t at_{0};  // Supports up to 65,535 entities per type
   bool include_internal_{false};
 };
 

esphome/core/defines.h

@@ -132,6 +132,8 @@
 
 // ESP32-specific feature flags
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
+#define USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
+
 #define USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 #define USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL
 #define USE_ESP32_BLE

esphome/cpp_generator.py

@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ def set_cpp_standard(standard: str) -> None:
     """Set C++ standard with compiler flag `-std={standard}`."""
     CORE.add_build_unflag("-std=gnu++11")
     CORE.add_build_unflag("-std=gnu++14")
-    CORE.add_build_unflag("-std=gnu++20")
+    CORE.add_build_unflag("-std=gnu++17")
     CORE.add_build_unflag("-std=gnu++23")
     CORE.add_build_unflag("-std=gnu++2a")
     CORE.add_build_unflag("-std=gnu++2b")

esphome/idf_component.yml

@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
 dependencies:
-  esp-tflite-micro:
+  espressif/esp-tflite-micro:
-    git: https://github.com/espressif/esp-tflite-micro.git
+    version: 1.3.3~1
-    version: v1.3.1
+  espressif/esp32-camera:
-  esp32_camera:
+    version: 2.0.15
-    git: https://github.com/espressif/esp32-camera.git
+  espressif/mdns:
-    version: v2.0.15
+    version: 1.8.2
-  mdns:
+  espressif/esp_wifi_remote:
-    git: https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols.git
+    version: 0.10.2
-    version: mdns-v1.8.2
-    path: components/mdns
     rules:
-      - if: "idf_version >=5.0"
+      - if: "target in [esp32h2, esp32p4]"
+  espressif/eppp_link:
+    version: 0.2.0
+    rules:
+      - if: "target in [esp32h2, esp32p4]"
+  espressif/esp_hosted:
+    version: 2.0.11
+    rules:
+      - if: "target in [esp32h2, esp32p4]"

platformio.ini

@@ -47,11 +47,11 @@ lib_deps =
     lvgl/lvgl@8.4.0                                       ; lvgl
 build_flags =
     -DESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL=ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE
-    -std=gnu++17
+    -std=gnu++20
 build_unflags =
     -std=gnu++11
     -std=gnu++14
-    -std=gnu++20
+    -std=gnu++17
     -std=gnu++23
     -std=gnu++2a
     -std=gnu++2b
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ lib_deps =
 build_flags =
     ${common.build_flags}
     -DUSE_HOST
-    -std=c++17
+    -std=c++20
 build_unflags =
     ${common.build_unflags}
 

requirements_test.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 pylint==3.3.7
 flake8==7.3.0  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
-ruff==0.12.0  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
+ruff==0.12.1  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pyupgrade==3.20.0  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pre-commit
 

script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py

@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ def build_message_type(
         public_content.append("#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP")
         snake_name = camel_to_snake(desc.name)
         public_content.append(
-            f'static constexpr const char *message_name() {{ return "{snake_name}"; }}'
+            f'const char *message_name() const override {{ return "{snake_name}"; }}'
         )
         public_content.append("#endif")
 
@@ -1356,7 +1356,7 @@ def main() -> None:
     hpp += "  template<typename T>\n"
     hpp += "  bool send_message(const T &msg) {\n"
     hpp += "#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP\n"
-    hpp += "    this->log_send_message_(T::message_name(), msg.dump());\n"
+    hpp += "    this->log_send_message_(msg.message_name(), msg.dump());\n"
     hpp += "#endif\n"
     hpp += "    return this->send_message_(msg, T::MESSAGE_TYPE);\n"
     hpp += "  }\n\n"

tests/components/esp32_hosted/common.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+esp32_hosted:
+  variant: ESP32C6
+  slot: 1
+  active_high: true
+  reset_pin: GPIO15
+  cmd_pin: GPIO13
+  clk_pin: GPIO12
+  d0_pin: GPIO11
+  d1_pin: GPIO10
+  d2_pin: GPIO9
+  d3_pin: GPIO8
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1

tests/components/esp32_hosted/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/lvgl/lvgl-package.yaml

@@ -839,9 +839,7 @@ lvgl:
                       styles: bdr_style
                       grid_cell_x_align: center
                       grid_cell_y_align: stretch
-                      grid_cell_row_pos: 0
+                      grid_cell_column_span: 2
-                      grid_cell_column_pos: 1
-                      grid_cell_column_span: 1
                       text: "Grid cell 0/1"
                   - label:
                       grid_cell_x_align: end

tests/integration/fixtures/api_reboot_timeout.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+esphome:
+  name: api-reboot-test
+host:
+api:
+  reboot_timeout: 0.5s  # Very short timeout for fast testing
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG

tests/integration/fixtures/host_mode_with_sensor.yaml

@@ -8,5 +8,8 @@ sensor:
     name: Test Sensor
     id: test_sensor
     unit_of_measurement: °C
+    accuracy_decimals: 2
+    state_class: measurement
+    force_update: true
     lambda: return 42.0;
     update_interval: 0.1s

tests/integration/test_api_reboot_timeout.py

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+"""Test API server reboot timeout functionality."""
+
+import asyncio
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+from .types import RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_api_reboot_timeout(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that the device reboots when no API clients connect within the timeout."""
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    reboot_future = loop.create_future()
+    reboot_pattern = re.compile(r"No clients; rebooting")
+
+    def check_output(line: str) -> None:
+        """Check output for reboot message."""
+        if not reboot_future.done() and reboot_pattern.search(line):
+            reboot_future.set_result(True)
+
+    # Run the device without connecting any API client
+    async with run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_output):
+        # Wait for reboot with timeout
+        # (0.5s reboot timeout + some margin for processing)
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(reboot_future, timeout=2.0)
+        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Device did not reboot within expected timeout")
+
+    # Test passes if we get here - reboot was detected

tests/integration/test_host_mode_sensor.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
 
+import aioesphomeapi
 from aioesphomeapi import EntityState
 import pytest
 
@@ -47,3 +48,23 @@ async def test_host_mode_with_sensor(
         # Verify the sensor state
         assert test_sensor_state.state == 42.0
         assert len(states) > 0, "No states received"
+
+        # Verify the optimized fields are working correctly
+        # Get entity info to check accuracy_decimals, state_class, etc.
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+        sensor_info: aioesphomeapi.SensorInfo | None = None
+        for entity in entities:
+            if isinstance(entity, aioesphomeapi.SensorInfo):
+                sensor_info = entity
+                break
+
+        assert sensor_info is not None, "Sensor entity info not found"
+        assert sensor_info.accuracy_decimals == 2, (
+            f"Expected accuracy_decimals=2, got {sensor_info.accuracy_decimals}"
+        )
+        assert sensor_info.state_class == 1, (
+            f"Expected state_class=1 (measurement), got {sensor_info.state_class}"
+        )
+        assert sensor_info.force_update is True, (
+            f"Expected force_update=True, got {sensor_info.force_update}"
+        )

tests/test_build_components/build_components_base.esp32-p4-idf.yaml

@@ -15,4 +15,3 @@ packages:
     file: $component_test_file
     vars:
       component_test_file: $component_test_file
-