diff --git a/esphome/components/thermostat/climate.py b/esphome/components/thermostat/climate.py
index a928d208f3..cf592956b0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/thermostat/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/thermostat/climate.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_COOL_DEADBAND,
     CONF_COOL_MODE,
     CONF_COOL_OVERRUN,
+    CONF_CUSTOM_FAN_MODES,
     CONF_DEFAULT_MODE,
     CONF_DEFAULT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_HIGH,
     CONF_DEFAULT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_LOW,
@@ -658,6 +659,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 }
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_PRESET): cv.ensure_list(PRESET_CONFIG_SCHEMA),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CUSTOM_FAN_MODES): cv.ensure_list(cv.string_strict),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_BOOT_RESTORE_FROM): validate_on_boot_restore_from,
             cv.Optional(CONF_PRESET_CHANGE): automation.validate_automation(
                 single=True
@@ -1008,3 +1010,21 @@ async def to_code(config):
         await automation.build_automation(
             var.get_preset_change_trigger(), [], config[CONF_PRESET_CHANGE]
         )
+
+    # Collect custom preset names from preset map (non-standard preset names only)
+    custom_preset_names = [
+        preset_config[CONF_NAME]
+        for preset_config in config.get(CONF_PRESET, [])
+        if preset_config[CONF_NAME].upper() not in climate.CLIMATE_PRESETS
+    ]
+    if custom_preset_names:
+        cg.add(var.set_custom_presets(custom_preset_names))
+
+    # Collect custom fan modes (filter out standard enum fan modes)
+    custom_fan_modes = [
+        mode
+        for mode in config.get(CONF_CUSTOM_FAN_MODES, [])
+        if mode.upper() not in climate.CLIMATE_FAN_MODES
+    ]
+    if custom_fan_modes:
+        cg.add(var.set_custom_fan_modes(custom_fan_modes))
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/climate_custom_fan_modes_and_presets.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/climate_custom_fan_modes_and_presets.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f006bb4352
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/climate_custom_fan_modes_and_presets.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+esphome:
+  name: climate-custom-modes-test
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    id: thermostat_sensor
+    lambda: "return 22.0;"
+
+climate:
+  - platform: thermostat
+    id: test_thermostat
+    name: Test Thermostat Custom Modes
+    sensor: thermostat_sensor
+    preset:
+      - name: Away
+        default_target_temperature_low: 16°C
+        default_target_temperature_high: 20°C
+      - name: Eco Plus
+        default_target_temperature_low: 18°C
+        default_target_temperature_high: 22°C
+      - name: Super Saver
+        default_target_temperature_low: 20°C
+        default_target_temperature_high: 24°C
+      - name: Vacation Mode
+        default_target_temperature_low: 15°C
+        default_target_temperature_high: 18°C
+    custom_fan_modes:
+      - "Turbo"
+      - "Silent"
+      - "Sleep Mode"
+    idle_action:
+      - logger.log: idle_action
+    cool_action:
+      - logger.log: cool_action
+    heat_action:
+      - logger.log: heat_action
+    min_cooling_off_time: 10s
+    min_cooling_run_time: 10s
+    min_heating_off_time: 10s
+    min_heating_run_time: 10s
+    min_idle_time: 10s
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_climate_custom_modes.py b/tests/integration/test_climate_custom_modes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d88b682ccd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_climate_custom_modes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+"""Integration test for climate custom fan modes and presets."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from aioesphomeapi import ClimateInfo, ClimatePreset
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_climate_custom_fan_modes_and_presets(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that custom fan modes and presets are properly exposed via API."""
+    async with run_compiled(yaml_config), api_client_connected() as client:
+        # Get entities and services
+        entities, services = await client.list_entities_services()
+        climate_infos = [e for e in entities if isinstance(e, ClimateInfo)]
+        assert len(climate_infos) == 1, "Expected exactly 1 climate entity"
+
+        test_climate = climate_infos[0]
+
+        # Verify custom fan modes are exposed
+        custom_fan_modes = test_climate.supported_custom_fan_modes
+        assert len(custom_fan_modes) == 3, (
+            f"Expected 3 custom fan modes, got {len(custom_fan_modes)}"
+        )
+        assert "Turbo" in custom_fan_modes, "Expected 'Turbo' in custom fan modes"
+        assert "Silent" in custom_fan_modes, "Expected 'Silent' in custom fan modes"
+        assert "Sleep Mode" in custom_fan_modes, (
+            "Expected 'Sleep Mode' in custom fan modes"
+        )
+
+        # Verify enum presets are exposed (from preset: config map)
+        assert ClimatePreset.AWAY in test_climate.supported_presets, (
+            "Expected AWAY in enum presets"
+        )
+
+        # Verify custom string presets are exposed (non-standard preset names from preset map)
+        custom_presets = test_climate.supported_custom_presets
+        assert len(custom_presets) == 3, (
+            f"Expected 3 custom presets, got {len(custom_presets)}: {custom_presets}"
+        )
+        assert "Eco Plus" in custom_presets, "Expected 'Eco Plus' in custom presets"
+        assert "Comfort" in custom_presets, "Expected 'Comfort' in custom presets"
+        assert "Vacation Mode" in custom_presets, (
+            "Expected 'Vacation Mode' in custom presets"
+        )