Add heap scheduler tests

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/scheduler_heap_stress_component/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+
+scheduler_heap_stress_component_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace(
+    "scheduler_heap_stress_component"
+)
+SchedulerHeapStressComponent = scheduler_heap_stress_component_ns.class_(
+    "SchedulerHeapStressComponent", cg.Component
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(SchedulerHeapStressComponent),
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/scheduler_heap_stress_component/heap_scheduler_stress_component.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#include "heap_scheduler_stress_component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <thread>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <vector>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <random>
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace scheduler_heap_stress_component {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "scheduler_heap_stress";
+
+void SchedulerHeapStressComponent::setup() { ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "SchedulerHeapStressComponent setup"); }
+
+void SchedulerHeapStressComponent::run_multi_thread_test() {
+  // Use member variables instead of static to avoid issues
+  this->total_callbacks_ = 0;
+  this->executed_callbacks_ = 0;
+  static constexpr int NUM_THREADS = 10;
+  static constexpr int CALLBACKS_PER_THREAD = 100;
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Starting heap scheduler stress test - multi-threaded concurrent set_timeout/set_interval");
+
+  // Ensure we're starting clean
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Initial counters: total=%d, executed=%d", this->total_callbacks_.load(),
+           this->executed_callbacks_.load());
+
+  // Track start time
+  auto start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+
+  // Create threads
+  std::vector<std::thread> threads;
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Creating %d threads, each will schedule %d callbacks", NUM_THREADS, CALLBACKS_PER_THREAD);
+
+  threads.reserve(NUM_THREADS);
+  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++) {
+    threads.emplace_back([this, i]() {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Thread %d starting", i);
+
+      // Random number generator for this thread
+      std::random_device rd;
+      std::mt19937 gen(rd());
+      std::uniform_int_distribution<> timeout_dist(1, 100);    // 1-100ms timeouts
+      std::uniform_int_distribution<> interval_dist(10, 200);  // 10-200ms intervals
+      std::uniform_int_distribution<> type_dist(0, 1);         // 0=timeout, 1=interval
+
+      // Each thread directly calls set_timeout/set_interval without any locking
+      for (int j = 0; j < CALLBACKS_PER_THREAD; j++) {
+        int callback_id = this->total_callbacks_.fetch_add(1);
+        bool use_interval = (type_dist(gen) == 1);
+
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Thread %d scheduling %s for callback %d", i, use_interval ? "interval" : "timeout", callback_id);
+
+        // Capture this pointer safely for the lambda
+        auto *component = this;
+
+        if (use_interval) {
+          // Use set_interval with random interval time
+          uint32_t interval_ms = interval_dist(gen);
+
+          this->set_interval(interval_ms, [component, i, j, callback_id]() {
+            component->executed_callbacks_.fetch_add(1);
+            ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Executed interval %d (thread %d, index %d)", callback_id, i, j);
+
+            // Cancel the interval after first execution to avoid flooding
+            return false;
+          });
+
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Thread %d scheduled interval %d with %u ms interval", i, callback_id, interval_ms);
+        } else {
+          // Use set_timeout with random timeout
+          uint32_t timeout_ms = timeout_dist(gen);
+
+          this->set_timeout(timeout_ms, [component, i, j, callback_id]() {
+            component->executed_callbacks_.fetch_add(1);
+            ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Executed timeout %d (thread %d, index %d)", callback_id, i, j);
+          });
+
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Thread %d scheduled timeout %d with %u ms delay", i, callback_id, timeout_ms);
+        }
+
+        // Small random delay to increase contention
+        if (j % 10 == 0) {
+          std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::microseconds(100));
+        }
+      }
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Thread %d finished", i);
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Wait for all threads to complete
+  for (auto &t : threads) {
+    t.join();
+  }
+
+  auto end_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+  auto thread_time = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(end_time - start_time).count();
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "All threads finished in %lldms. Created %d callbacks", thread_time, this->total_callbacks_.load());
+}
+
+}  // namespace scheduler_heap_stress_component
+}  // namespace esphome

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/scheduler_heap_stress_component/heap_scheduler_stress_component.h

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include <atomic>
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace scheduler_heap_stress_component {
+
+class SchedulerHeapStressComponent : public Component {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::LATE; }
+
+  void run_multi_thread_test();
+
+ private:
+  std::atomic<int> total_callbacks_{0};
+  std::atomic<int> executed_callbacks_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace scheduler_heap_stress_component
+}  // namespace esphome

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/scheduler_rapid_cancellation_component/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+
+scheduler_rapid_cancellation_component_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace(
+    "scheduler_rapid_cancellation_component"
+)
+SchedulerRapidCancellationComponent = scheduler_rapid_cancellation_component_ns.class_(
+    "SchedulerRapidCancellationComponent", cg.Component
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(SchedulerRapidCancellationComponent),
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/scheduler_rapid_cancellation_component/rapid_cancellation_component.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#include "rapid_cancellation_component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <thread>
+#include <vector>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <random>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace scheduler_rapid_cancellation_component {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "scheduler_rapid_cancellation";
+
+void SchedulerRapidCancellationComponent::setup() { ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "SchedulerRapidCancellationComponent setup"); }
+
+void SchedulerRapidCancellationComponent::run_rapid_cancellation_test() {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Starting rapid cancellation test - multiple threads racing on same timeout names");
+
+  // Reset counters
+  this->total_scheduled_ = 0;
+  this->total_executed_ = 0;
+
+  static constexpr int NUM_THREADS = 4;              // Number of threads to create
+  static constexpr int NUM_NAMES = 10;               // Only 10 unique names
+  static constexpr int OPERATIONS_PER_THREAD = 100;  // Each thread does 100 operations
+
+  // Create threads that will all fight over the same timeout names
+  std::vector<std::thread> threads;
+  threads.reserve(NUM_THREADS);
+
+  for (int thread_id = 0; thread_id < NUM_THREADS; thread_id++) {
+    threads.emplace_back([this, thread_id]() {
+      for (int i = 0; i < OPERATIONS_PER_THREAD; i++) {
+        // Use modulo to ensure multiple threads use the same names
+        int name_index = i % NUM_NAMES;
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        ss << "shared_timeout_" << name_index;
+        std::string name = ss.str();
+
+        // All threads schedule timeouts - this will implicitly cancel existing ones
+        this->set_timeout(name, 100, [this, name]() {
+          this->total_executed_.fetch_add(1);
+          ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Executed callback '%s'", name.c_str());
+        });
+        this->total_scheduled_.fetch_add(1);
+
+        // Small delay to increase chance of race conditions
+        if (i % 10 == 0) {
+          std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::microseconds(100));
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Wait for all threads to complete
+  for (auto &t : threads) {
+    t.join();
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "All threads completed. Scheduled: %d", this->total_scheduled_.load());
+
+  // Give some time for any remaining callbacks to execute
+  this->set_timeout("final_timeout", 200, [this]() {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Rapid cancellation test complete. Final stats:");
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  Total scheduled: %d", this->total_scheduled_.load());
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  Total executed: %d", this->total_executed_.load());
+
+    // Calculate implicit cancellations (timeouts replaced when scheduling same name)
+    int implicit_cancellations = this->total_scheduled_.load() - this->total_executed_.load();
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  Implicit cancellations (replaced): %d", implicit_cancellations);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  Total accounted: %d (executed + implicit cancellations)",
+             this->total_executed_.load() + implicit_cancellations);
+  });
+}
+
+}  // namespace scheduler_rapid_cancellation_component
+}  // namespace esphome

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/scheduler_rapid_cancellation_component/rapid_cancellation_component.h

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include <atomic>
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace scheduler_rapid_cancellation_component {
+
+class SchedulerRapidCancellationComponent : public Component {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::LATE; }
+
+  void run_rapid_cancellation_test();
+
+ private:
+  std::atomic<int> total_scheduled_{0};
+  std::atomic<int> total_executed_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace scheduler_rapid_cancellation_component
+}  // namespace esphome

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/scheduler_recursive_timeout_component/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+
+scheduler_recursive_timeout_component_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace(
+    "scheduler_recursive_timeout_component"
+)
+SchedulerRecursiveTimeoutComponent = scheduler_recursive_timeout_component_ns.class_(
+    "SchedulerRecursiveTimeoutComponent", cg.Component
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(SchedulerRecursiveTimeoutComponent),
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/scheduler_recursive_timeout_component/recursive_timeout_component.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#include "recursive_timeout_component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace scheduler_recursive_timeout_component {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "scheduler_recursive_timeout";
+
+void SchedulerRecursiveTimeoutComponent::setup() { ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "SchedulerRecursiveTimeoutComponent setup"); }
+
+void SchedulerRecursiveTimeoutComponent::run_recursive_timeout_test() {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Starting recursive timeout test - scheduling timeout from within timeout");
+
+  // Reset state
+  this->nested_level_ = 0;
+
+  // Schedule the initial timeout with 1ms delay
+  this->set_timeout(1, [this]() {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Executing initial timeout");
+    this->nested_level_ = 1;
+
+    // From within this timeout, schedule another timeout with 1ms delay
+    this->set_timeout(1, [this]() {
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Executing nested timeout 1");
+      this->nested_level_ = 2;
+
+      // From within this nested timeout, schedule yet another timeout with 1ms delay
+      this->set_timeout(1, [this]() {
+        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Executing nested timeout 2");
+        this->nested_level_ = 3;
+
+        // Test complete
+        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Recursive timeout test complete - all %d levels executed", this->nested_level_);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+}  // namespace scheduler_recursive_timeout_component
+}  // namespace esphome

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/scheduler_recursive_timeout_component/recursive_timeout_component.h

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace scheduler_recursive_timeout_component {
+
+class SchedulerRecursiveTimeoutComponent : public Component {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::LATE; }
+
+  void run_recursive_timeout_test();
+
+ private:
+  int nested_level_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace scheduler_recursive_timeout_component
+}  // namespace esphome

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks_component/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+
+scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks_component_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace(
+    "scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks_component"
+)
+SchedulerSimultaneousCallbacksComponent = (
+    scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks_component_ns.class_(
+        "SchedulerSimultaneousCallbacksComponent", cg.Component
+    )
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(SchedulerSimultaneousCallbacksComponent),
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks_component/simultaneous_callbacks_component.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#include "simultaneous_callbacks_component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <thread>
+#include <vector>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks_component {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks";
+
+void SchedulerSimultaneousCallbacksComponent::setup() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "SchedulerSimultaneousCallbacksComponent setup");
+}
+
+void SchedulerSimultaneousCallbacksComponent::run_simultaneous_callbacks_test() {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Starting simultaneous callbacks test - 10 threads scheduling 100 callbacks each for 1ms from now");
+
+  // Reset counters
+  this->total_scheduled_ = 0;
+  this->total_executed_ = 0;
+  this->callbacks_at_once_ = 0;
+  this->max_concurrent_ = 0;
+
+  static constexpr int NUM_THREADS = 10;
+  static constexpr int CALLBACKS_PER_THREAD = 100;
+  static constexpr uint32_t DELAY_MS = 1;  // All callbacks scheduled for 1ms from now
+
+  // Create threads for concurrent scheduling
+  std::vector<std::thread> threads;
+  threads.reserve(NUM_THREADS);
+
+  // Record start time for synchronization
+  auto start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+
+  for (int thread_id = 0; thread_id < NUM_THREADS; thread_id++) {
+    threads.emplace_back([this, thread_id, start_time]() {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Thread %d starting to schedule callbacks", thread_id);
+
+      // Wait a tiny bit to ensure all threads start roughly together
+      std::this_thread::sleep_until(start_time + std::chrono::microseconds(100));
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < CALLBACKS_PER_THREAD; i++) {
+        // Create unique name for each callback
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        ss << "thread_" << thread_id << "_cb_" << i;
+        std::string name = ss.str();
+
+        // Schedule callback for exactly DELAY_MS from now
+        this->set_timeout(name, DELAY_MS, [this, thread_id, i, name]() {
+          // Increment concurrent counter atomically
+          int current = this->callbacks_at_once_.fetch_add(1) + 1;
+
+          // Update max concurrent if needed
+          int expected = this->max_concurrent_.load();
+          while (current > expected && !this->max_concurrent_.compare_exchange_weak(expected, current)) {
+            // Loop until we successfully update or someone else set a higher value
+          }
+
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Callback executed: %s (concurrent: %d)", name.c_str(), current);
+
+          // Simulate some minimal work
+          std::atomic<int> work{0};
+          for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
+            work.fetch_add(j);
+          }
+
+          // Increment executed counter
+          this->total_executed_.fetch_add(1);
+
+          // Decrement concurrent counter
+          this->callbacks_at_once_.fetch_sub(1);
+        });
+
+        this->total_scheduled_.fetch_add(1);
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Scheduled callback %s", name.c_str());
+      }
+
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Thread %d completed scheduling", thread_id);
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Wait for all threads to complete scheduling
+  for (auto &t : threads) {
+    t.join();
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "All threads completed scheduling. Total scheduled: %d", this->total_scheduled_.load());
+
+  // Schedule a final timeout to check results after all callbacks should have executed
+  this->set_timeout("final_check", 100, [this]() {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Simultaneous callbacks test complete. Final executed count: %d", this->total_executed_.load());
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Statistics:");
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  Total scheduled: %d", this->total_scheduled_.load());
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  Total executed: %d", this->total_executed_.load());
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  Max concurrent callbacks: %d", this->max_concurrent_.load());
+
+    if (this->total_executed_ == NUM_THREADS * CALLBACKS_PER_THREAD) {
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "SUCCESS: All %d callbacks executed correctly!", this->total_executed_.load());
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "FAILURE: Expected %d callbacks but only %d executed", NUM_THREADS * CALLBACKS_PER_THREAD,
+               this->total_executed_.load());
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+}  // namespace scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks_component
+}  // namespace esphome

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks_component/simultaneous_callbacks_component.h

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include <atomic>
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks_component {
+
+class SchedulerSimultaneousCallbacksComponent : public Component {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::LATE; }
+
+  void run_simultaneous_callbacks_test();
+
+ private:
+  std::atomic<int> total_scheduled_{0};
+  std::atomic<int> total_executed_{0};
+  std::atomic<int> callbacks_at_once_{0};
+  std::atomic<int> max_concurrent_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks_component
+}  // namespace esphome

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/scheduler_string_lifetime_component/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+
+scheduler_string_lifetime_component_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace(
+    "scheduler_string_lifetime_component"
+)
+SchedulerStringLifetimeComponent = scheduler_string_lifetime_component_ns.class_(
+    "SchedulerStringLifetimeComponent", cg.Component
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(SchedulerStringLifetimeComponent),
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/scheduler_string_lifetime_component/string_lifetime_component.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+#include "string_lifetime_component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <memory>
+#include <thread>
+#include <chrono>
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace scheduler_string_lifetime_component {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "scheduler_string_lifetime";
+
+void SchedulerStringLifetimeComponent::setup() { ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "SchedulerStringLifetimeComponent setup"); }
+
+void SchedulerStringLifetimeComponent::run_string_lifetime_test() {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Starting string lifetime tests");
+
+  this->tests_passed_ = 0;
+  this->tests_failed_ = 0;
+
+  // Run each test
+  test_temporary_string_lifetime();
+  test_scope_exit_string();
+  test_vector_reallocation();
+  test_string_move_semantics();
+  test_lambda_capture_lifetime();
+
+  // Schedule final check
+  this->set_timeout("final_check", 200, [this]() {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "String lifetime tests complete");
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Tests passed: %d", this->tests_passed_);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Tests failed: %d", this->tests_failed_);
+
+    if (this->tests_failed_ == 0) {
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "SUCCESS: All string lifetime tests passed!");
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "FAILURE: %d string lifetime tests failed!", this->tests_failed_);
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+void SchedulerStringLifetimeComponent::test_temporary_string_lifetime() {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Test 1: Temporary string lifetime for timeout names");
+
+  // Test with a temporary string that goes out of scope immediately
+  {
+    std::string temp_name = "temp_callback_" + std::to_string(12345);
+
+    // Schedule with temporary string name - scheduler must copy/store this
+    this->set_timeout(temp_name, 1, [this]() {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Callback for temp string name executed");
+      this->tests_passed_++;
+    });
+
+    // String goes out of scope here, but scheduler should have made a copy
+  }
+
+  // Test with rvalue string as name
+  this->set_timeout(std::string("rvalue_test"), 2, [this]() {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Rvalue string name callback executed");
+    this->tests_passed_++;
+  });
+
+  // Test cancelling with reconstructed string
+  {
+    std::string cancel_name = "cancel_test_" + std::to_string(999);
+    this->set_timeout(cancel_name, 100, [this]() {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "This should have been cancelled!");
+      this->tests_failed_++;
+    });
+  }  // cancel_name goes out of scope
+
+  // Reconstruct the same string to cancel
+  std::string cancel_name_2 = "cancel_test_" + std::to_string(999);
+  bool cancelled = this->cancel_timeout(cancel_name_2);
+  if (cancelled) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Successfully cancelled with reconstructed string");
+    this->tests_passed_++;
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to cancel with reconstructed string");
+    this->tests_failed_++;
+  }
+}
+
+void SchedulerStringLifetimeComponent::test_scope_exit_string() {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Test 2: Scope exit string names");
+
+  // Create string names in a limited scope
+  {
+    std::string scoped_name = "scoped_timeout_" + std::to_string(555);
+
+    // Schedule with scoped string name
+    this->set_timeout(scoped_name, 3, [this]() {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scoped name callback executed");
+      this->tests_passed_++;
+    });
+
+    // scoped_name goes out of scope here
+  }
+
+  // Test with dynamically allocated string name
+  {
+    auto *dynamic_name = new std::string("dynamic_timeout_" + std::to_string(777));
+
+    this->set_timeout(*dynamic_name, 4, [this, dynamic_name]() {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Dynamic string name callback executed");
+      this->tests_passed_++;
+      delete dynamic_name;  // Clean up in callback
+    });
+
+    // Pointer goes out of scope but string object remains until callback
+  }
+
+  // Test multiple timeouts with same dynamically created name
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+    std::string loop_name = "loop_timeout_" + std::to_string(i);
+    this->set_timeout(loop_name, 5 + i * 1, [this, i]() {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Loop timeout %d executed", i);
+      this->tests_passed_++;
+    });
+    // loop_name destroyed and recreated each iteration
+  }
+}
+
+void SchedulerStringLifetimeComponent::test_vector_reallocation() {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Test 3: Vector reallocation stress on timeout names");
+
+  // Create a vector that will reallocate
+  std::vector<std::string> names;
+  names.reserve(2);  // Small initial capacity to force reallocation
+
+  // Schedule callbacks with string names from vector
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    names.push_back("vector_cb_" + std::to_string(i));
+    // Use the string from vector as timeout name
+    this->set_timeout(names.back(), 8 + i * 1, [this, i]() {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Vector name callback %d executed", i);
+      this->tests_passed_++;
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Force reallocation by adding more elements
+  // This will move all strings to new memory locations
+  for (int i = 10; i < 50; i++) {
+    names.push_back("realloc_trigger_" + std::to_string(i));
+  }
+
+  // Add more timeouts after reallocation to ensure old names still work
+  for (int i = 50; i < 55; i++) {
+    names.push_back("post_realloc_" + std::to_string(i));
+    this->set_timeout(names.back(), 20 + (i - 50), [this]() {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Post-reallocation callback executed");
+      this->tests_passed_++;
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Clear the vector while timeouts are still pending
+  names.clear();
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Vector cleared - all string names destroyed");
+}
+
+void SchedulerStringLifetimeComponent::test_string_move_semantics() {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Test 4: String move semantics for timeout names");
+
+  // Test moving string names
+  std::string original = "move_test_original";
+  std::string moved = std::move(original);
+
+  // Schedule with moved string as name
+  this->set_timeout(moved, 30, [this]() {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Moved string name callback executed");
+    this->tests_passed_++;
+  });
+
+  // original is now empty, try to use it as a different timeout name
+  original = "reused_after_move";
+  this->set_timeout(original, 32, [this]() {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Reused string name callback executed");
+    this->tests_passed_++;
+  });
+}
+
+void SchedulerStringLifetimeComponent::test_lambda_capture_lifetime() {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Test 5: Complex timeout name scenarios");
+
+  // Test scheduling with name built in lambda
+  [this]() {
+    std::string lambda_name = "lambda_built_name_" + std::to_string(888);
+    this->set_timeout(lambda_name, 38, [this]() {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Lambda-built name callback executed");
+      this->tests_passed_++;
+    });
+  }();  // Lambda executes and lambda_name is destroyed
+
+  // Test with shared_ptr name
+  auto shared_name = std::make_shared<std::string>("shared_ptr_timeout");
+  this->set_timeout(*shared_name, 40, [this, shared_name]() {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Shared_ptr name callback executed");
+    this->tests_passed_++;
+  });
+  shared_name.reset();  // Release the shared_ptr
+
+  // Test overwriting timeout with same name
+  std::string overwrite_name = "overwrite_test";
+  this->set_timeout(overwrite_name, 1000, [this]() {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "This should have been overwritten!");
+    this->tests_failed_++;
+  });
+
+  // Overwrite with shorter timeout
+  this->set_timeout(overwrite_name, 42, [this]() {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Overwritten timeout executed");
+    this->tests_passed_++;
+  });
+
+  // Test very long string name
+  std::string long_name;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+    long_name += "very_long_timeout_name_segment_" + std::to_string(i) + "_";
+  }
+  this->set_timeout(long_name, 44, [this]() {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Very long name timeout executed");
+    this->tests_passed_++;
+  });
+
+  // Test empty string as name
+  this->set_timeout("", 46, [this]() {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Empty string name timeout executed");
+    this->tests_passed_++;
+  });
+}
+
+}  // namespace scheduler_string_lifetime_component
+}  // namespace esphome

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/scheduler_string_lifetime_component/string_lifetime_component.h

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace scheduler_string_lifetime_component {
+
+class SchedulerStringLifetimeComponent : public Component {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::LATE; }
+
+  void run_string_lifetime_test();
+
+ private:
+  void test_temporary_string_lifetime();
+  void test_scope_exit_string();
+  void test_vector_reallocation();
+  void test_string_move_semantics();
+  void test_lambda_capture_lifetime();
+
+  int tests_passed_{0};
+  int tests_failed_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace scheduler_string_lifetime_component
+}  // namespace esphome

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/scheduler_string_name_stress_component/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+
+scheduler_string_name_stress_component_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace(
+    "scheduler_string_name_stress_component"
+)
+SchedulerStringNameStressComponent = scheduler_string_name_stress_component_ns.class_(
+    "SchedulerStringNameStressComponent", cg.Component
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(SchedulerStringNameStressComponent),
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/scheduler_string_name_stress_component/string_name_stress_component.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+#include "string_name_stress_component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <thread>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <vector>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <string>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace scheduler_string_name_stress_component {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "scheduler_string_name_stress";
+
+void SchedulerStringNameStressComponent::setup() { ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "SchedulerStringNameStressComponent setup"); }
+
+void SchedulerStringNameStressComponent::run_string_name_stress_test() {
+  // Use member variables to reset state
+  this->total_callbacks_ = 0;
+  this->executed_callbacks_ = 0;
+  static constexpr int NUM_THREADS = 10;
+  static constexpr int CALLBACKS_PER_THREAD = 100;
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Starting string name stress test - multi-threaded set_timeout with std::string names");
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "This test specifically uses dynamic string names to test memory management");
+
+  // Track start time
+  auto start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+
+  // Create threads
+  std::vector<std::thread> threads;
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Creating %d threads, each will schedule %d callbacks with dynamic names", NUM_THREADS,
+           CALLBACKS_PER_THREAD);
+
+  threads.reserve(NUM_THREADS);
+  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++) {
+    threads.emplace_back([this, i]() {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Thread %d starting", i);
+
+      // Each thread schedules callbacks with dynamically created string names
+      for (int j = 0; j < CALLBACKS_PER_THREAD; j++) {
+        int callback_id = this->total_callbacks_.fetch_add(1);
+
+        // Create a dynamic string name - this will test memory management
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        ss << "thread_" << i << "_callback_" << j << "_id_" << callback_id;
+        std::string dynamic_name = ss.str();
+
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Thread %d scheduling timeout with dynamic name: %s", i, dynamic_name.c_str());
+
+        // Capture necessary values for the lambda
+        auto *component = this;
+
+        // Schedule with std::string name - this tests the string overload
+        // Use varying delays to stress the heap scheduler
+        uint32_t delay = 1 + (callback_id % 50);
+
+        // Also test nested scheduling from callbacks
+        if (j % 10 == 0) {
+          // Every 10th callback schedules another callback
+          this->set_timeout(dynamic_name, delay, [component, i, j, callback_id]() {
+            component->executed_callbacks_.fetch_add(1);
+            ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Executed string-named callback %d (nested scheduler)", callback_id);
+
+            // Schedule another timeout from within this callback with a new dynamic name
+            std::string nested_name = "nested_from_" + std::to_string(callback_id);
+            component->set_timeout(nested_name, 1, [component, callback_id]() {
+              ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Executed nested string-named callback from %d", callback_id);
+            });
+          });
+        } else {
+          // Regular callback
+          this->set_timeout(dynamic_name, delay, [component, i, j, callback_id]() {
+            component->executed_callbacks_.fetch_add(1);
+            ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Executed string-named callback %d", callback_id);
+          });
+        }
+
+        // Add some timing variations to increase race conditions
+        if (j % 5 == 0) {
+          std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::microseconds(100));
+        }
+      }
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Thread %d finished scheduling", i);
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Wait for all threads to complete scheduling
+  for (auto &t : threads) {
+    t.join();
+  }
+
+  auto end_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+  auto thread_time = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(end_time - start_time).count();
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "All threads finished scheduling in %lldms. Created %d callbacks with dynamic names", thread_time,
+           this->total_callbacks_.load());
+
+  // Give some time for callbacks to execute
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Waiting for callbacks to execute...");
+
+  // Schedule a final callback to signal completion
+  this->set_timeout("test_complete", 2000, [this]() {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "String name stress test complete. Executed %d of %d callbacks", this->executed_callbacks_.load(),
+             this->total_callbacks_.load());
+  });
+}
+
+}  // namespace scheduler_string_name_stress_component
+}  // namespace esphome

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/scheduler_string_name_stress_component/string_name_stress_component.h

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include <atomic>
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace scheduler_string_name_stress_component {
+
+class SchedulerStringNameStressComponent : public Component {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::LATE; }
+
+  void run_string_name_stress_test();
+
+ private:
+  std::atomic<int> total_callbacks_{0};
+  std::atomic<int> executed_callbacks_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace scheduler_string_name_stress_component
+}  // namespace esphome

tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_heap_stress.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+esphome:
+  name: scheduler-heap-stress-test
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+    components: [scheduler_heap_stress_component]
+
+host:
+
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+scheduler_heap_stress_component:
+  id: heap_stress
+
+api:
+  services:
+    - service: run_heap_stress_test
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            id(heap_stress)->run_multi_thread_test();
+
+event:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Complete"
+    id: test_complete
+    device_class: button
+    event_types:
+      - "test_finished"
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Result"
+    id: test_result
+    device_class: button
+    event_types:
+      - "passed"
+      - "failed"

tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_rapid_cancellation.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+esphome:
+  name: sched-rapid-cancel-test
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+    components: [scheduler_rapid_cancellation_component]
+
+host:
+
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+scheduler_rapid_cancellation_component:
+  id: rapid_cancel
+
+api:
+  services:
+    - service: run_rapid_cancellation_test
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            id(rapid_cancel)->run_rapid_cancellation_test();
+
+event:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Complete"
+    id: test_complete
+    device_class: button
+    event_types:
+      - "test_finished"
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Result"
+    id: test_result
+    device_class: button
+    event_types:
+      - "passed"
+      - "failed"

tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_recursive_timeout.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+esphome:
+  name: sched-recursive-timeout
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+    components: [scheduler_recursive_timeout_component]
+
+host:
+
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+scheduler_recursive_timeout_component:
+  id: recursive_timeout
+
+api:
+  services:
+    - service: run_recursive_timeout_test
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            id(recursive_timeout)->run_recursive_timeout_test();
+
+event:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Complete"
+    id: test_complete
+    device_class: button
+    event_types:
+      - "test_finished"
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Result"
+    id: test_result
+    device_class: button
+    event_types:
+      - "passed"
+      - "failed"

tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+esphome:
+  name: sched-simul-callbacks-test
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+    components: [scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks_component]
+
+host:
+
+logger:
+  level: INFO
+
+scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks_component:
+  id: simultaneous_callbacks
+
+api:
+  services:
+    - service: run_simultaneous_callbacks_test
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            id(simultaneous_callbacks)->run_simultaneous_callbacks_test();

tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_string_lifetime.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+esphome:
+  name: scheduler-string-lifetime-test
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+    components: [scheduler_string_lifetime_component]
+
+host:
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+scheduler_string_lifetime_component:
+  id: string_lifetime
+
+api:
+  services:
+    - service: run_string_lifetime_test
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            id(string_lifetime)->run_string_lifetime_test();

tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_string_name_stress.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+esphome:
+  name: sched-string-name-stress
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+    components: [scheduler_string_name_stress_component]
+
+host:
+
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+scheduler_string_name_stress_component:
+  id: string_stress
+
+api:
+  services:
+    - service: run_string_name_stress_test
+      then:
+        - lambda: |-
+            id(string_stress)->run_string_name_stress_test();
+
+event:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Complete"
+    id: test_complete
+    device_class: button
+    event_types:
+      - "test_finished"
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Result"
+    id: test_result
+    device_class: button
+    event_types:
+      - "passed"
+      - "failed"