Fix warning about shift overflow

esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h

@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ static_assert(MAX_REQUESTS >= 1 && MAX_REQUESTS <= 32, "MAX_REQUESTS must be bet
 // This is tied to the static_assert above, which enforces MAX_REQUESTS is between 1 and 32.
 // If MAX_REQUESTS is increased above 32, this logic and the static_assert must be updated.
 using trq_bitmask_t = std::conditional<(MAX_REQUESTS <= 16), uint16_t, uint32_t>::type;
+static constexpr trq_bitmask_t ALL_REQUESTS_IN_USE = MAX_REQUESTS == 32 ? ~0 : (1 << MAX_REQUESTS) - 1;
 
 static constexpr size_t USB_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE = 32;   // Size of event queue between USB task and main loop
 static constexpr size_t USB_TASK_STACK_SIZE = 4096;  // Stack size for USB task (same as ESP-IDF USB examples)

esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp

@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ TransferRequest *USBClient::get_trq_() {
   // Find first available slot (bit = 0) and try to claim it atomically
   // We use a while loop to allow retrying the same slot after CAS failure
   for (;;) {
-    if (mask == (1 << MAX_REQUESTS) - 1) {
+    if (mask == ALL_REQUESTS_IN_USE) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "All %zu transfer slots in use", MAX_REQUESTS);
       return nullptr;
     }

tests/components/usb_uart/common.yaml

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+usb_host:
+  max_transfer_requests: 32
+
 usb_uart:
   - id: uart_0
     type: cdc_acm