let make new platform implementation in external components (#7615)

Co-authored-by: Tomasz Duda <tomaszduda23@gmai.com>

esphome/core/helpers.h

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
+#include <limits>
 
 #include "esphome/core/optional.h"
 
@@ -545,6 +546,7 @@ class Mutex {
  public:
   Mutex();
   Mutex(const Mutex &) = delete;
+  ~Mutex();
   void lock();
   bool try_lock();
   void unlock();
@@ -554,6 +556,8 @@ class Mutex {
  private:
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
   SemaphoreHandle_t handle_;
+#else
+  void *handle_;  // d-pointer to store private data on new platforms
 #endif
 };