🏗 Merge C++ into python codebase (#504)

## Description:

Move esphome-core codebase into esphome (and a bunch of other refactors). See https://github.com/esphome/feature-requests/issues/97

Yes this is a shit ton of work and no there's no way to automate it :( But it will be worth it 👍

Progress:
- Core support (file copy etc): 80%
- Base Abstractions (light, switch): ~50%
- Integrations: ~10%
- Working? Yes, (but only with ported components).

Other refactors:
- Moves all codegen related stuff into a single class: `esphome.codegen` (imported as `cg`)
- Rework coroutine syntax
- Move from `component/platform.py` to `domain/component.py` structure as with HA
- Move all defaults out of C++ and into config validation.
- Remove `make_...` helpers from Application class. Reason: Merge conflicts with every single new integration.
- Pointer Variables are stored globally instead of locally in setup(). Reason: stack size limit.

Future work:
- Rework const.py - Move all `CONF_...` into a conf class (usage `conf.UPDATE_INTERVAL` vs `CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL`). Reason: Less convoluted import block
- Enable loading from `custom_components` folder.

**Related issue (if applicable):** https://github.com/esphome/feature-requests/issues/97

**Pull request in [esphome-docs](https://github.com/esphome/esphome-docs) with documentation (if applicable):** esphome/esphome-docs#<esphome-docs PR number goes here>

## Checklist:
  - [ ] The code change is tested and works locally.
  - [ ] Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under `tests/` folder).

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:
  - [ ] Documentation added/updated in [esphomedocs](https://github.com/OttoWinter/esphomedocs).

esphome/components/esp32_hall/esp32_hall.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include "esp32_hall.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/esphal.h"
+
+#ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace esp32_hall {
+
+static const char *TAG = "esp32_hall";
+
+void ESP32HallSensor::update() {
+  float value = (hallRead() / 4095.0f) * 10000.0f;
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s': Got reading %.0f µT", this->name_.c_str(), value);
+  this->publish_state(value);
+}
+std::string ESP32HallSensor::unique_id() { return get_mac_address() + "-hall"; }
+void ESP32HallSensor::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR("", "ESP32 Hall Sensor", this); }
+
+}  // namespace esp32_hall
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif

esphome/components/esp32_hall/esp32_hall.h

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+
+#ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace esp32_hall {
+
+class ESP32HallSensor : public sensor::PollingSensorComponent {
+ public:
+  explicit ESP32HallSensor(const std::string &name, uint32_t update_interval)
+      : sensor::PollingSensorComponent(name, update_interval) {}
+
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  void update() override;
+
+  std::string unique_id() override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esp32_hall
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif

esphome/components/esp32_hall/sensor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+from esphome.components import sensor
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_NAME, CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL, ESP_PLATFORM_ESP32, \
+    CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT, CONF_ICON, CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS, UNIT_MICROTESLA, ICON_MAGNET
+
+ESP_PLATFORMS = [ESP_PLATFORM_ESP32]
+
+esp32_hall_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace('esp32_hall')
+ESP32HallSensor = esp32_hall_ns.class_('ESP32HallSensor', sensor.PollingSensorComponent)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.nameable(sensor.SENSOR_SCHEMA.extend({
+    cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_variable_id(ESP32HallSensor),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL, default='60s'): cv.update_interval,
+
+    cv.Optional(CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT, default=UNIT_MICROTESLA): sensor.unit_of_measurement,
+    cv.Optional(CONF_ICON, default=ICON_MAGNET): sensor.icon,
+    cv.Optional(CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS, default=-1): sensor.accuracy_decimals,
+}).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA))
+
+
+def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_NAME], config[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL])
+    yield cg.register_component(var, config)
+    yield sensor.register_sensor(var, config)