🏗 Merge C++ into python codebase (#504)

## Description:

Move esphome-core codebase into esphome (and a bunch of other refactors). See https://github.com/esphome/feature-requests/issues/97

Yes this is a shit ton of work and no there's no way to automate it :( But it will be worth it 👍

Progress:
- Core support (file copy etc): 80%
- Base Abstractions (light, switch): ~50%
- Integrations: ~10%
- Working? Yes, (but only with ported components).

Other refactors:
- Moves all codegen related stuff into a single class: `esphome.codegen` (imported as `cg`)
- Rework coroutine syntax
- Move from `component/platform.py` to `domain/component.py` structure as with HA
- Move all defaults out of C++ and into config validation.
- Remove `make_...` helpers from Application class. Reason: Merge conflicts with every single new integration.
- Pointer Variables are stored globally instead of locally in setup(). Reason: stack size limit.

Future work:
- Rework const.py - Move all `CONF_...` into a conf class (usage `conf.UPDATE_INTERVAL` vs `CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL`). Reason: Less convoluted import block
- Enable loading from `custom_components` folder.

**Related issue (if applicable):** https://github.com/esphome/feature-requests/issues/97

**Pull request in [esphome-docs](https://github.com/esphome/esphome-docs) with documentation (if applicable):** esphome/esphome-docs#<esphome-docs PR number goes here>

## Checklist:
  - [ ] The code change is tested and works locally.
  - [ ] Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under `tests/` folder).

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:
  - [ ] Documentation added/updated in [esphomedocs](https://github.com/OttoWinter/esphomedocs).

esphome/components/bmp280/sensor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PRESSURE, CONF_TEMPERATURE, \
+    CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL, UNIT_CELSIUS, ICON_THERMOMETER, ICON_GAUGE, UNIT_HECTOPASCAL, \
+    CONF_IIR_FILTER, CONF_OVERSAMPLING
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ['i2c']
+
+bmp280_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace('bmp280')
+BMP280Oversampling = bmp280_ns.enum('BMP280Oversampling')
+OVERSAMPLING_OPTIONS = {
+    'NONE': BMP280Oversampling.BMP280_OVERSAMPLING_NONE,
+    '1X': BMP280Oversampling.BMP280_OVERSAMPLING_1X,
+    '2X': BMP280Oversampling.BMP280_OVERSAMPLING_2X,
+    '4X': BMP280Oversampling.BMP280_OVERSAMPLING_4X,
+    '8X': BMP280Oversampling.BMP280_OVERSAMPLING_8X,
+    '16X': BMP280Oversampling.BMP280_OVERSAMPLING_16X,
+}
+
+BMP280IIRFilter = bmp280_ns.enum('BMP280IIRFilter')
+IIR_FILTER_OPTIONS = {
+    'OFF': BMP280IIRFilter.BMP280_IIR_FILTER_OFF,
+    '2X': BMP280IIRFilter.BMP280_IIR_FILTER_2X,
+    '4X': BMP280IIRFilter.BMP280_IIR_FILTER_4X,
+    '8X': BMP280IIRFilter.BMP280_IIR_FILTER_8X,
+    '16X': BMP280IIRFilter.BMP280_IIR_FILTER_16X,
+}
+
+BMP280Component = bmp280_ns.class_('BMP280Component', cg.PollingComponent, i2c.I2CDevice)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({
+    cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_variable_id(BMP280Component),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE): cv.nameable(
+        sensor.sensor_schema(UNIT_CELSIUS, ICON_THERMOMETER, 1).extend({
+            cv.Optional(CONF_OVERSAMPLING, default='16X'):
+                cv.one_of(*OVERSAMPLING_OPTIONS, upper=True),
+        })),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_PRESSURE): cv.nameable(
+        sensor.sensor_schema(UNIT_HECTOPASCAL, ICON_GAUGE, 1).extend({
+            cv.Optional(CONF_OVERSAMPLING, default='16X'):
+                cv.one_of(*OVERSAMPLING_OPTIONS, upper=True),
+        })),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_IIR_FILTER, default='OFF'): cv.one_of(*IIR_FILTER_OPTIONS, upper=True),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL, default='60s'): cv.update_interval,
+}).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA).extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x77))
+
+
+def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL])
+    yield cg.register_component(var, config)
+    yield i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+
+    if CONF_TEMPERATURE in config:
+        conf = config[CONF_TEMPERATURE]
+        sens = yield sensor.new_sensor(conf)
+        cg.add(var.set_temperature_sensor(sens))
+        cg.add(var.set_temperature_oversampling(OVERSAMPLING_OPTIONS[conf[CONF_OVERSAMPLING]]))
+
+    if CONF_PRESSURE in config:
+        conf = config[CONF_PRESSURE]
+        sens = yield sensor.new_sensor(conf)
+        cg.add(var.set_pressure_sensor(sens))
+        cg.add(var.set_pressure_oversampling(OVERSAMPLING_OPTIONS[conf[CONF_OVERSAMPLING]]))