diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor.h b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor.h
index b697d6dd7e..7a3e1c8da7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor.h
@@ -3,13 +3,12 @@
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/voltage_sampler/voltage_sampler.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #include <esp_adc_cal.h>
 #include "driver/adc.h"
-#endif
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace adc {
@@ -43,7 +42,7 @@ class ADCSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public voltage
     this->channel1_ = ADC1_CHANNEL_MAX;
   }
   void set_autorange(bool autorange) { this->autorange_ = autorange; }
-#endif
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
 
   /// Update ADC values
   void update() override;
@@ -59,11 +58,11 @@ class ADCSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public voltage
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
   std::string unique_id() override;
-#endif
+#endif  // USE_ESP8266
 
 #ifdef USE_RP2040
   void set_is_temperature() { this->is_temperature_ = true; }
-#endif
+#endif  // USE_RP2040
 
  protected:
   InternalGPIOPin *pin_;
@@ -72,7 +71,7 @@ class ADCSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public voltage
 
 #ifdef USE_RP2040
   bool is_temperature_{false};
-#endif
+#endif  // USE_RP2040
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
   adc_atten_t attenuation_{ADC_ATTEN_DB_0};
@@ -83,8 +82,8 @@ class ADCSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public voltage
   esp_adc_cal_characteristics_t cal_characteristics_[SOC_ADC_ATTEN_NUM] = {};
 #else
   esp_adc_cal_characteristics_t cal_characteristics_[ADC_ATTEN_MAX] = {};
-#endif
-#endif
+#endif  // ESP_IDF_VERSION_MAJOR
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
 };
 
 }  // namespace adc
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_common.cpp b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_common.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2dccd55fcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_common.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include "adc_sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace adc {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "adc.common";
+
+void ADCSensor::update() {
+  float value_v = this->sample();
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "'%s': Got voltage=%.4fV", this->get_name().c_str(), value_v);
+  this->publish_state(value_v);
+}
+
+void ADCSensor::set_sample_count(uint8_t sample_count) {
+  if (sample_count != 0) {
+    this->sample_count_ = sample_count;
+  }
+}
+
+float ADCSensor::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::DATA; }
+
+}  // namespace adc
+}  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp32.cpp
similarity index 53%
rename from esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor.cpp
rename to esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp32.cpp
index 7257793016..24e3750091 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp32.cpp
@@ -1,30 +1,13 @@
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
 #include "adc_sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
-#ifdef USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
-#include <Esp.h>
-ADC_MODE(ADC_VCC)
-#else
-#include <Arduino.h>
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
-#ifdef CYW43_USES_VSYS_PIN
-#include "pico/cyw43_arch.h"
-#endif
-#include <hardware/adc.h>
-#endif
-
 namespace esphome {
 namespace adc {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "adc";
+static const char *const TAG = "adc.esp32";
 
-// 13-bit for S2, 12-bit for all other ESP32 variants
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
 static const adc_bits_width_t ADC_WIDTH_MAX_SOC_BITS = static_cast<adc_bits_width_t>(ADC_WIDTH_MAX - 1);
 
 #ifndef SOC_ADC_RTC_MAX_BITWIDTH
@@ -32,24 +15,15 @@ static const adc_bits_width_t ADC_WIDTH_MAX_SOC_BITS = static_cast<adc_bits_widt
 static const int32_t SOC_ADC_RTC_MAX_BITWIDTH = 13;
 #else
 static const int32_t SOC_ADC_RTC_MAX_BITWIDTH = 12;
-#endif
-#endif
+#endif  // USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2
+#endif  // SOC_ADC_RTC_MAX_BITWIDTH
 
-static const int ADC_MAX = (1 << SOC_ADC_RTC_MAX_BITWIDTH) - 1;    // 4095 (12 bit) or 8191 (13 bit)
-static const int ADC_HALF = (1 << SOC_ADC_RTC_MAX_BITWIDTH) >> 1;  // 2048 (12 bit) or 4096 (13 bit)
-#endif
+static const int ADC_MAX = (1 << SOC_ADC_RTC_MAX_BITWIDTH) - 1;
+static const int ADC_HALF = (1 << SOC_ADC_RTC_MAX_BITWIDTH) >> 1;
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
-extern "C"
-#endif
-    void
-    ADCSensor::setup() {
+void ADCSensor::setup() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up ADC '%s'...", this->get_name().c_str());
-#if !defined(USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC) && !defined(USE_RP2040)
-  this->pin_->setup();
-#endif
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
   if (this->channel1_ != ADC1_CHANNEL_MAX) {
     adc1_config_width(ADC_WIDTH_MAX_SOC_BITS);
     if (!this->autorange_) {
@@ -61,7 +35,6 @@ extern "C"
     }
   }
 
-  // load characteristics for each attenuation
   for (int32_t i = 0; i <= ADC_ATTEN_DB_12_COMPAT; i++) {
     auto adc_unit = this->channel1_ != ADC1_CHANNEL_MAX ? ADC_UNIT_1 : ADC_UNIT_2;
     auto cal_value = esp_adc_cal_characterize(adc_unit, (adc_atten_t) i, ADC_WIDTH_MAX_SOC_BITS,
@@ -79,31 +52,10 @@ extern "C"
         break;
     }
   }
-
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
-
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
-  static bool initialized = false;
-  if (!initialized) {
-    adc_init();
-    initialized = true;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "ADC '%s' setup finished!", this->get_name().c_str());
 }
 
 void ADCSensor::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("", "ADC Sensor", this);
-#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
-#ifdef USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Pin: VCC");
-#else
-  LOG_PIN("  Pin: ", this->pin_);
-#endif
-#endif  // USE_ESP8266 || USE_LIBRETINY
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
   LOG_PIN("  Pin: ", this->pin_);
   if (this->autorange_) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Attenuation: auto");
@@ -125,55 +77,10 @@ void ADCSensor::dump_config() {
         break;
     }
   }
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
-
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
-  if (this->is_temperature_) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Pin: Temperature");
-  } else {
-#ifdef USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Pin: VCC");
-#else
-    LOG_PIN("  Pin: ", this->pin_);
-#endif  // USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
-  }
-#endif  // USE_RP2040
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Samples: %i", this->sample_count_);
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
 }
 
-float ADCSensor::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::DATA; }
-void ADCSensor::update() {
-  float value_v = this->sample();
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "'%s': Got voltage=%.4fV", this->get_name().c_str(), value_v);
-  this->publish_state(value_v);
-}
-
-void ADCSensor::set_sample_count(uint8_t sample_count) {
-  if (sample_count != 0) {
-    this->sample_count_ = sample_count;
-  }
-}
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
-float ADCSensor::sample() {
-  uint32_t raw = 0;
-  for (uint8_t sample = 0; sample < this->sample_count_; sample++) {
-#ifdef USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
-    raw += ESP.getVcc();  // NOLINT(readability-static-accessed-through-instance)
-#else
-    raw += analogRead(this->pin_->get_pin());  // NOLINT
-#endif
-  }
-  raw = (raw + (this->sample_count_ >> 1)) / this->sample_count_;  // NOLINT(clang-analyzer-core.DivideZero)
-  if (this->output_raw_) {
-    return raw;
-  }
-  return raw / 1024.0f;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
 float ADCSensor::sample() {
   if (!this->autorange_) {
     uint32_t sum = 0;
@@ -240,93 +147,17 @@ float ADCSensor::sample() {
   uint32_t mv2 = esp_adc_cal_raw_to_voltage(raw2, &this->cal_characteristics_[(int32_t) ADC_ATTEN_DB_2_5]);
   uint32_t mv0 = esp_adc_cal_raw_to_voltage(raw0, &this->cal_characteristics_[(int32_t) ADC_ATTEN_DB_0]);
 
-  // Contribution of each value, in range 0-2048 (12 bit ADC) or 0-4096 (13 bit ADC)
   uint32_t c12 = std::min(raw12, ADC_HALF);
   uint32_t c6 = ADC_HALF - std::abs(raw6 - ADC_HALF);
   uint32_t c2 = ADC_HALF - std::abs(raw2 - ADC_HALF);
   uint32_t c0 = std::min(ADC_MAX - raw0, ADC_HALF);
-  // max theoretical csum value is 4096*4 = 16384
   uint32_t csum = c12 + c6 + c2 + c0;
 
-  // each mv is max 3900; so max value is 3900*4096*4, fits in unsigned32
   uint32_t mv_scaled = (mv12 * c12) + (mv6 * c6) + (mv2 * c2) + (mv0 * c0);
   return mv_scaled / (float) (csum * 1000U);
 }
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
-
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
-float ADCSensor::sample() {
-  if (this->is_temperature_) {
-    adc_set_temp_sensor_enabled(true);
-    delay(1);
-    adc_select_input(4);
-    uint32_t raw = 0;
-    for (uint8_t sample = 0; sample < this->sample_count_; sample++) {
-      raw += adc_read();
-    }
-    raw = (raw + (this->sample_count_ >> 1)) / this->sample_count_;  // NOLINT(clang-analyzer-core.DivideZero)
-    adc_set_temp_sensor_enabled(false);
-    if (this->output_raw_) {
-      return raw;
-    }
-    return raw * 3.3f / 4096.0f;
-  } else {
-    uint8_t pin = this->pin_->get_pin();
-#ifdef CYW43_USES_VSYS_PIN
-    if (pin == PICO_VSYS_PIN) {
-      // Measuring VSYS on Raspberry Pico W needs to be wrapped with
-      // `cyw43_thread_enter()`/`cyw43_thread_exit()` as discussed in
-      // https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk/issues/1222, since Wifi chip and
-      // VSYS ADC both share GPIO29
-      cyw43_thread_enter();
-    }
-#endif  // CYW43_USES_VSYS_PIN
-
-    adc_gpio_init(pin);
-    adc_select_input(pin - 26);
-
-    uint32_t raw = 0;
-    for (uint8_t sample = 0; sample < this->sample_count_; sample++) {
-      raw += adc_read();
-    }
-    raw = (raw + (this->sample_count_ >> 1)) / this->sample_count_;  // NOLINT(clang-analyzer-core.DivideZero)
-
-#ifdef CYW43_USES_VSYS_PIN
-    if (pin == PICO_VSYS_PIN) {
-      cyw43_thread_exit();
-    }
-#endif  // CYW43_USES_VSYS_PIN
-
-    if (this->output_raw_) {
-      return raw;
-    }
-    float coeff = pin == PICO_VSYS_PIN ? 3.0 : 1.0;
-    return raw * 3.3f / 4096.0f * coeff;
-  }
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
-float ADCSensor::sample() {
-  uint32_t raw = 0;
-  if (this->output_raw_) {
-    for (uint8_t sample = 0; sample < this->sample_count_; sample++) {
-      raw += analogRead(this->pin_->get_pin());  // NOLINT
-    }
-    raw = (raw + (this->sample_count_ >> 1)) / this->sample_count_;  // NOLINT(clang-analyzer-core.DivideZero)
-    return raw;
-  }
-  for (uint8_t sample = 0; sample < this->sample_count_; sample++) {
-    raw += analogReadVoltage(this->pin_->get_pin());  // NOLINT
-  }
-  raw = (raw + (this->sample_count_ >> 1)) / this->sample_count_;  // NOLINT(clang-analyzer-core.DivideZero)
-  return raw / 1000.0f;
-}
-#endif  // USE_LIBRETINY
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
-std::string ADCSensor::unique_id() { return get_mac_address() + "-adc"; }
-#endif
 
 }  // namespace adc
 }  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp8266.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c9b6f8b652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp8266.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+
+#include "adc_sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
+#include <Esp.h>
+ADC_MODE(ADC_VCC)
+#else
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#endif  // USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace adc {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "adc.esp8266";
+
+void ADCSensor::setup() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up ADC '%s'...", this->get_name().c_str());
+#ifndef USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
+  this->pin_->setup();
+#endif
+}
+
+void ADCSensor::dump_config() {
+  LOG_SENSOR("", "ADC Sensor", this);
+#ifdef USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Pin: VCC");
+#else
+  LOG_PIN("  Pin: ", this->pin_);
+#endif  // USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Samples: %i", this->sample_count_);
+  LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
+}
+
+float ADCSensor::sample() {
+  uint32_t raw = 0;
+  for (uint8_t sample = 0; sample < this->sample_count_; sample++) {
+#ifdef USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
+    raw += ESP.getVcc();  // NOLINT(readability-static-accessed-through-instance)
+#else
+    raw += analogRead(this->pin_->get_pin());  // NOLINT
+#endif  // USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
+  }
+  raw = (raw + (this->sample_count_ >> 1)) / this->sample_count_;  // NOLINT(clang-analyzer-core.DivideZero)
+  if (this->output_raw_) {
+    return raw;
+  }
+  return raw / 1024.0f;
+}
+
+std::string ADCSensor::unique_id() { return get_mac_address() + "-adc"; }
+
+}  // namespace adc
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP8266
diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_rp2040.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..520ff3bacc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_rp2040.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#ifdef USE_RP2040
+
+#include "adc_sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#ifdef CYW43_USES_VSYS_PIN
+#include "pico/cyw43_arch.h"
+#endif  // CYW43_USES_VSYS_PIN
+#include <hardware/adc.h>
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace adc {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "adc.rp2040";
+
+void ADCSensor::setup() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up ADC '%s'...", this->get_name().c_str());
+  static bool initialized = false;
+  if (!initialized) {
+    adc_init();
+    initialized = true;
+  }
+}
+
+void ADCSensor::dump_config() {
+  LOG_SENSOR("", "ADC Sensor", this);
+  if (this->is_temperature_) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Pin: Temperature");
+  } else {
+#ifdef USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Pin: VCC");
+#else
+    LOG_PIN("  Pin: ", this->pin_);
+#endif  // USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
+  }
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Samples: %i", this->sample_count_);
+  LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
+}
+
+float ADCSensor::sample() {
+  if (this->is_temperature_) {
+    adc_set_temp_sensor_enabled(true);
+    delay(1);
+    adc_select_input(4);
+    uint32_t raw = 0;
+    for (uint8_t sample = 0; sample < this->sample_count_; sample++) {
+      raw += adc_read();
+    }
+    raw = (raw + (this->sample_count_ >> 1)) / this->sample_count_;  // NOLINT(clang-analyzer-core.DivideZero)
+    adc_set_temp_sensor_enabled(false);
+    if (this->output_raw_) {
+      return raw;
+    }
+    return raw * 3.3f / 4096.0f;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t pin = this->pin_->get_pin();
+#ifdef CYW43_USES_VSYS_PIN
+  if (pin == PICO_VSYS_PIN) {
+    // Measuring VSYS on Raspberry Pico W needs to be wrapped with
+    // `cyw43_thread_enter()`/`cyw43_thread_exit()` as discussed in
+    // https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk/issues/1222, since Wifi chip and
+    // VSYS ADC both share GPIO29
+    cyw43_thread_enter();
+  }
+#endif  // CYW43_USES_VSYS_PIN
+
+  adc_gpio_init(pin);
+  adc_select_input(pin - 26);
+
+  uint32_t raw = 0;
+  for (uint8_t sample = 0; sample < this->sample_count_; sample++) {
+    raw += adc_read();
+  }
+  raw = (raw + (this->sample_count_ >> 1)) / this->sample_count_;  // NOLINT(clang-analyzer-core.DivideZero)
+
+#ifdef CYW43_USES_VSYS_PIN
+  if (pin == PICO_VSYS_PIN) {
+    cyw43_thread_exit();
+  }
+#endif  // CYW43_USES_VSYS_PIN
+
+  if (this->output_raw_) {
+    return raw;
+  }
+  float coeff = pin == PICO_VSYS_PIN ? 3.0f : 1.0f;
+  return raw * 3.3f / 4096.0f * coeff;
+}
+
+}  // namespace adc
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif  // USE_RP2040