Add the max_delta filter (#12605)

Co-authored-by: clydebarrow <2366188+clydebarrow@users.noreply.github.com>

tests/components/template/common-base.yaml

@@ -121,6 +121,8 @@ sensor:
           min_value: -10.0
       - debounce: 0.1s
       - delta: 5.0
+      - delta:
+          max_value: 2%
       - exponential_moving_average:
           alpha: 0.1
           send_every: 15