[i2s_audio] Move microphone reads into a task (#8651)

Co-authored-by: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>

esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.h

@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@
 #include "esphome/components/microphone/microphone.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
+#include <freertos/event_groups.h>
+#include <freertos/semphr.h>
+
 namespace esphome {
 namespace i2s_audio {
 
@@ -35,11 +38,18 @@ class I2SAudioMicrophone : public I2SAudioIn, public microphone::Microphone, pub
 #endif
 
  protected:
-  void start_();
-  void stop_();
-  void read_();
+  bool start_driver_();
+  void stop_driver_();
+
   size_t read_(uint8_t *buf, size_t len, TickType_t ticks_to_wait);
 
+  static void mic_task(void *params);
+
+  SemaphoreHandle_t active_listeners_semaphore_{nullptr};
+  EventGroupHandle_t event_group_{nullptr};
+
+  TaskHandle_t task_handle_{nullptr};
+
 #ifdef USE_I2S_LEGACY
   int8_t din_pin_{I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE};
 #if SOC_I2S_SUPPORTS_ADC
@@ -51,8 +61,6 @@ class I2SAudioMicrophone : public I2SAudioIn, public microphone::Microphone, pub
   i2s_chan_handle_t rx_handle_;
 #endif
   bool pdm_{false};
-
-  HighFrequencyLoopRequester high_freq_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace i2s_audio