diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
index a5dd1457ba..d18b90b790 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
@@ -382,9 +382,10 @@ TransferRequest *USBClient::get_trq_() {
       trq->transfer->device_handle = this->device_handle_;
       return trq;
     }
-    // Another thread claimed this slot, retry with updated mask
-    // Don't increment i - retry the same slot with the updated mask
-    mask = expected;
+    // CAS failed - another thread modified the bitmask
+    // Restart search from the beginning with the updated mask
+    mask = this->trq_in_use_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    i = 0;
   }
 
   ESP_LOGE(TAG, "All %d transfer slots in use", MAX_REQUESTS);
@@ -542,7 +543,7 @@ void USBClient::release_trq(TransferRequest *trq) {
   // Atomically clear bit i to mark slot as available
   // fetch_and with inverted bitmask clears the bit atomically
   uint16_t bit = 1U << index;
-  this->trq_in_use_.fetch_and(~bit, std::memory_order_release);
+  this->trq_in_use_.fetch_and(static_cast<uint16_t>(~bit), std::memory_order_release);
 }
 
 }  // namespace usb_host