From fbbb791b0dda790e6e6443766f0a04991bf2d73d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Djordje Mandic <6750655+DjordjeMandic@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 10:37:43 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 01/12] [gt911] Use timeout instead of delay, shortened log msg
 (#10024)

Co-authored-by: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>
---
 .../gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.cpp   | 30 +++++++++++++------
 .../gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.h     | 28 +++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 47 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.cpp b/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.cpp
index 0319b083ef..07218843dd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.cpp
@@ -20,12 +20,11 @@ static const size_t MAX_BUTTONS = 4;  // max number of buttons scanned
 
 #define ERROR_CHECK(err) \
   if ((err) != i2c::ERROR_OK) { \
-    this->status_set_warning("Communication failure"); \
+    this->status_set_warning(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL); \
     return; \
   }
 
 void GT911Touchscreen::setup() {
-  i2c::ErrorCode err;
   if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
     this->reset_pin_->setup();
     this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
@@ -35,9 +34,14 @@ void GT911Touchscreen::setup() {
       this->interrupt_pin_->digital_write(false);
     }
     delay(2);
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
-    delay(50);  // NOLINT
+    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);  // wait 50ms after reset
+    this->set_timeout(50, [this] { this->setup_internal_(); });
+    return;
   }
+  this->setup_internal_();
+}
+
+void GT911Touchscreen::setup_internal_() {
   if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
     // set pre-configured input mode
     this->interrupt_pin_->setup();
@@ -45,7 +49,7 @@ void GT911Touchscreen::setup() {
 
   // check the configuration of the int line.
   uint8_t data[4];
-  err = this->write(GET_SWITCHES, sizeof(GET_SWITCHES));
+  i2c::ErrorCode err = this->write(GET_SWITCHES, sizeof(GET_SWITCHES));
   if (err != i2c::ERROR_OK && this->address_ == PRIMARY_ADDRESS) {
     this->address_ = SECONDARY_ADDRESS;
     err = this->write(GET_SWITCHES, sizeof(GET_SWITCHES));
@@ -53,7 +57,7 @@ void GT911Touchscreen::setup() {
   if (err == i2c::ERROR_OK) {
     err = this->read(data, 1);
     if (err == i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Read from switches at address 0x%02X: 0x%02X", this->address_, data[0]);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Switches ADDR: 0x%02X DATA: 0x%02X", this->address_, data[0]);
       if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
         this->attach_interrupt_(this->interrupt_pin_,
                                 (data[0] & 1) ? gpio::INTERRUPT_FALLING_EDGE : gpio::INTERRUPT_RISING_EDGE);
@@ -75,16 +79,24 @@ void GT911Touchscreen::setup() {
       }
     }
     if (err != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-      this->mark_failed("Failed to read calibration");
+      this->mark_failed("Calibration error");
       return;
     }
   }
+
   if (err != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    this->mark_failed("Failed to communicate");
+    this->mark_failed(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
+    return;
   }
+  this->setup_done_ = true;
 }
 
 void GT911Touchscreen::update_touches() {
+  this->skip_update_ = true;  // skip send touch events by default, set to false after successful error checks
+  if (!this->setup_done_) {
+    return;
+  }
+
   i2c::ErrorCode err;
   uint8_t touch_state = 0;
   uint8_t data[MAX_TOUCHES + 1][8];  // 8 bytes each for each point, plus extra space for the key byte
@@ -97,7 +109,6 @@ void GT911Touchscreen::update_touches() {
   uint8_t num_of_touches = touch_state & 0x07;
 
   if ((touch_state & 0x80) == 0 || num_of_touches > MAX_TOUCHES) {
-    this->skip_update_ = true;  // skip send touch events, touchscreen is not ready yet.
     return;
   }
 
@@ -107,6 +118,7 @@ void GT911Touchscreen::update_touches() {
   err = this->read(data[0], sizeof(data[0]) * num_of_touches + 1);
   ERROR_CHECK(err);
 
+  this->skip_update_ = false;  // All error checks passed, send touch events
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i != num_of_touches; i++) {
     uint16_t id = data[i][0];
     uint16_t x = encode_uint16(data[i][2], data[i][1]);
diff --git a/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.h b/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.h
index 17636a2ada..85025b5522 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.h
+++ b/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.h
@@ -15,8 +15,20 @@ class GT911ButtonListener {
 
 class GT911Touchscreen : public touchscreen::Touchscreen, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
+  /// @brief Initialize the GT911 touchscreen.
+  ///
+  /// If @ref reset_pin_ is set, the touchscreen will be hardware reset,
+  /// and the rest of the setup will be scheduled to run 50ms later using @ref set_timeout()
+  /// to allow the device to stabilize after reset.
+  ///
+  /// If @ref interrupt_pin_ is set, it will be temporarily configured during reset
+  /// to control I2C address selection.
+  ///
+  /// After the timeout, or immediately if no reset is performed, @ref setup_internal_()
+  /// is called to complete the initialization.
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
+  bool can_proceed() override { return this->setup_done_; }
 
   void set_interrupt_pin(InternalGPIOPin *pin) { this->interrupt_pin_ = pin; }
   void set_reset_pin(GPIOPin *pin) { this->reset_pin_ = pin; }
@@ -25,8 +37,20 @@ class GT911Touchscreen : public touchscreen::Touchscreen, public i2c::I2CDevice
  protected:
   void update_touches() override;
 
-  InternalGPIOPin *interrupt_pin_{};
-  GPIOPin *reset_pin_{};
+  /// @brief Perform the internal setup routine for the GT911 touchscreen.
+  ///
+  /// This function checks the I2C address, configures the interrupt pin (if available),
+  /// reads the touchscreen mode from the controller, and attempts to read calibration
+  /// data (maximum X and Y values) if not already set.
+  ///
+  /// On success, sets @ref setup_done_ to true.
+  /// On failure, calls @ref mark_failed() with an appropriate error message.
+  void setup_internal_();
+  /// @brief True if the touchscreen setup has completed successfully.
+  bool setup_done_{false};
+
+  InternalGPIOPin *interrupt_pin_{nullptr};
+  GPIOPin *reset_pin_{nullptr};
   std::vector<GT911ButtonListener *> button_listeners_;
   uint8_t button_state_{0xFF};  // last button state. Initial FF guarantees first update.
 };

From d59476d0e102ba833eaa3a0d242d931a44fa245a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Chris Beswick <chris.beswick@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 15:43:44 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 02/12] [i2s_audio] Use high-pass filter for dc offset
 correction (#10005)

---
 .../microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.cpp       | 64 +++++++++++++------
 .../microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.h         |  3 +-
 2 files changed, 48 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.cpp b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.cpp
index 5ca33b3493..cdebc214e2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.cpp
@@ -24,9 +24,6 @@ static const uint32_t READ_DURATION_MS = 16;
 static const size_t TASK_STACK_SIZE = 4096;
 static const ssize_t TASK_PRIORITY = 23;
 
-// Use an exponential moving average to correct a DC offset with weight factor 1/1000
-static const int32_t DC_OFFSET_MOVING_AVERAGE_COEFFICIENT_DENOMINATOR = 1000;
-
 static const char *const TAG = "i2s_audio.microphone";
 
 enum MicrophoneEventGroupBits : uint32_t {
@@ -381,26 +378,57 @@ void I2SAudioMicrophone::mic_task(void *params) {
 }
 
 void I2SAudioMicrophone::fix_dc_offset_(std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+  /**
+   * From https://www.musicdsp.org/en/latest/Filters/135-dc-filter.html:
+   *
+   *     y(n) = x(n) - x(n-1) + R * y(n-1)
+   *     R = 1 - (pi * 2 * frequency / samplerate)
+   *
+   * From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_range:
+   *     The human range is commonly given as 20Hz up.
+   *
+   * From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-resolution_audio:
+   *     A reasonable upper bound for sample rate seems to be 96kHz.
+   *
+   * Calculate R value for 20Hz on a 96kHz sample rate:
+   *     R = 1 - (pi * 2 * 20 / 96000)
+   *     R = 0.9986910031
+   *
+   * Transform floating point to bit-shifting approximation:
+   *     output = input - prev_input + R * prev_output
+   *     output = input - prev_input + (prev_output - (prev_output >> S))
+   *
+   * Approximate bit-shift value S from R:
+   *     R = 1 - (1 >> S)
+   *     R = 1 - (1 / 2^S)
+   *     R = 1 - 2^-S
+   *     0.9986910031 = 1 - 2^-S
+   *     S = 9.57732 ~= 10
+   *
+   * Actual R from S:
+   *     R = 1 - 2^-10 = 0.9990234375
+   *
+   * Confirm this has effect outside human hearing on 96000kHz sample:
+   *     0.9990234375 = 1 - (pi * 2 * f / 96000)
+   *     f = 14.9208Hz
+   *
+   * Confirm this has effect outside human hearing on PDM 16kHz sample:
+   *     0.9990234375 = 1 - (pi * 2 * f / 16000)
+   *     f = 2.4868Hz
+   *
+   */
+  const uint8_t dc_filter_shift = 10;
   const size_t bytes_per_sample = this->audio_stream_info_.samples_to_bytes(1);
   const uint32_t total_samples = this->audio_stream_info_.bytes_to_samples(data.size());
-
-  if (total_samples == 0) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  int64_t offset_accumulator = 0;
   for (uint32_t sample_index = 0; sample_index < total_samples; ++sample_index) {
     const uint32_t byte_index = sample_index * bytes_per_sample;
-    int32_t sample = audio::unpack_audio_sample_to_q31(&data[byte_index], bytes_per_sample);
-    offset_accumulator += sample;
-    sample -= this->dc_offset_;
-    audio::pack_q31_as_audio_sample(sample, &data[byte_index], bytes_per_sample);
+    int32_t input = audio::unpack_audio_sample_to_q31(&data[byte_index], bytes_per_sample);
+    int32_t output = input - this->dc_offset_prev_input_ +
+                     (this->dc_offset_prev_output_ - (this->dc_offset_prev_output_ >> dc_filter_shift));
+    this->dc_offset_prev_input_ = input;
+    this->dc_offset_prev_output_ = output;
+    audio::pack_q31_as_audio_sample(output, &data[byte_index], bytes_per_sample);
   }
-
-  const int32_t new_offset = offset_accumulator / total_samples;
-  this->dc_offset_ = new_offset / DC_OFFSET_MOVING_AVERAGE_COEFFICIENT_DENOMINATOR +
-                     (DC_OFFSET_MOVING_AVERAGE_COEFFICIENT_DENOMINATOR - 1) * this->dc_offset_ /
-                         DC_OFFSET_MOVING_AVERAGE_COEFFICIENT_DENOMINATOR;
 }
 
 size_t I2SAudioMicrophone::read_(uint8_t *buf, size_t len, TickType_t ticks_to_wait) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.h b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.h
index 633bd0e7dd..de272ba23d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.h
+++ b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.h
@@ -82,7 +82,8 @@ class I2SAudioMicrophone : public I2SAudioIn, public microphone::Microphone, pub
 
   bool correct_dc_offset_;
   bool locked_driver_{false};
-  int32_t dc_offset_{0};
+  int32_t dc_offset_prev_input_{0};
+  int32_t dc_offset_prev_output_{0};
 };
 
 }  // namespace i2s_audio

From 701e6099aa42cc84be629cc0b6258992fe3aaef2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 14:56:34 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 03/12] [espnow, web_server_idf] Fix IDF 5.5 compile issues
 (#10068)

---
 esphome/components/espnow/espnow_packet.h            | 2 +-
 esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_packet.h b/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_packet.h
index d39f7d2c24..b6192a0d41 100644
--- a/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_packet.h
+++ b/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_packet.h
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class ESPNowPacket {
 #if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 5, 0)
   // Constructor for sent data
   ESPNowPacket(const esp_now_send_info_t *info, esp_now_send_status_t status) {
-    this->init_sent_data(info->src_addr, status);
+    this->init_sent_data_(info->src_addr, status);
   }
 #else
   // Constructor for sent data
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
index 40fb015b99..3226444b1b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ esp_err_t AsyncWebServer::request_post_handler(httpd_req_t *r) {
   }
 
   // Handle regular form data
-  if (r->content_len > HTTPD_MAX_REQ_HDR_LEN) {
+  if (r->content_len > CONFIG_HTTPD_MAX_REQ_HDR_LEN) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Request size is to big: %zu", r->content_len);
     httpd_resp_send_err(r, HTTPD_400_BAD_REQUEST, nullptr);
     return ESP_FAIL;

From 83d9c02a1bc80e16176126030ebefbaa03d626b9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mschnaubelt <33265999+mschnaubelt@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2025 01:41:55 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 04/12] Add CO5300 display support (#9739)

---
 esphome/components/mipi/__init__.py            |  2 ++
 esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/amoled.py   | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../components/mipi_spi/models/waveshare.py    | 12 ++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 32 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mipi/__init__.py
index b9299bb8d7..f610f160b0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi/__init__.py
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ BRIGHTNESS = 0x51
 WRDISBV = 0x51
 RDDISBV = 0x52
 WRCTRLD = 0x53
+WCE = 0x58
 SWIRE1 = 0x5A
 SWIRE2 = 0x5B
 IFMODE = 0xB0
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@ PWCTR2 = 0xC1
 PWCTR3 = 0xC2
 PWCTR4 = 0xC3
 PWCTR5 = 0xC4
+SPIMODESEL = 0xC4
 VMCTR1 = 0xC5
 IFCTR = 0xC6
 VMCTR2 = 0xC7
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/amoled.py b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/amoled.py
index 6fe882b584..bc95fc7f71 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/amoled.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/amoled.py
@@ -5,10 +5,13 @@ from esphome.components.mipi import (
     PAGESEL,
     PIXFMT,
     SLPOUT,
+    SPIMODESEL,
     SWIRE1,
     SWIRE2,
     TEON,
+    WCE,
     WRAM,
+    WRCTRLD,
     DriverChip,
     delay,
 )
@@ -87,4 +90,19 @@ T4_S3_AMOLED = RM690B0.extend(
     bus_mode=TYPE_QUAD,
 )
 
+CO5300 = DriverChip(
+    "CO5300",
+    brightness=0xD0,
+    color_order=MODE_RGB,
+    bus_mode=TYPE_QUAD,
+    initsequence=(
+        (SLPOUT,),  # Requires early SLPOUT
+        (PAGESEL, 0x00),
+        (SPIMODESEL, 0x80),
+        (WRCTRLD, 0x20),
+        (WCE, 0x00),
+    ),
+)
+
+
 models = {}
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/waveshare.py b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/waveshare.py
index 002f81f3a6..7a55027e58 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/waveshare.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/waveshare.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from esphome.components.mipi import DriverChip
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 
+from .amoled import CO5300
 from .ili import ILI9488_A
 
 DriverChip(
@@ -140,3 +141,14 @@ ILI9488_A.extend(
     data_rate="20MHz",
     invert_colors=True,
 )
+
+CO5300.extend(
+    "WAVESHARE-ESP32-S3-TOUCH-AMOLED-1.75",
+    width=466,
+    height=466,
+    pixel_mode="16bit",
+    offset_height=0,
+    offset_width=6,
+    cs_pin=12,
+    reset_pin=39,
+)

From 50f15735dca74989c6cab7860d7f20b725ca286f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 14:57:31 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 05/12] [api] Add helpful compile-time errors for Custom API
 Device methods (#10076)

---
 esphome/components/api/custom_api_device.h | 52 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 52 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/custom_api_device.h b/esphome/components/api/custom_api_device.h
index a39947e725..44f9eee571 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/custom_api_device.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/custom_api_device.h
@@ -56,6 +56,14 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
     auto *service = new CustomAPIDeviceService<T, Ts...>(name, arg_names, (T *) this, callback);  // NOLINT
     global_api_server->register_user_service(service);
   }
+#else
+  template<typename T, typename... Ts>
+  void register_service(void (T::*callback)(Ts...), const std::string &name,
+                        const std::array<std::string, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names) {
+    static_assert(
+        sizeof(T) == 0,
+        "register_service() requires 'custom_services: true' in the 'api:' section of your YAML configuration");
+  }
 #endif
 
   /** Register a custom native API service that will show up in Home Assistant.
@@ -81,6 +89,12 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
     auto *service = new CustomAPIDeviceService<T>(name, {}, (T *) this, callback);  // NOLINT
     global_api_server->register_user_service(service);
   }
+#else
+  template<typename T> void register_service(void (T::*callback)(), const std::string &name) {
+    static_assert(
+        sizeof(T) == 0,
+        "register_service() requires 'custom_services: true' in the 'api:' section of your YAML configuration");
+  }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
@@ -135,6 +149,22 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
     auto f = std::bind(callback, (T *) this, entity_id, std::placeholders::_1);
     global_api_server->subscribe_home_assistant_state(entity_id, optional<std::string>(attribute), f);
   }
+#else
+  template<typename T>
+  void subscribe_homeassistant_state(void (T::*callback)(std::string), const std::string &entity_id,
+                                     const std::string &attribute = "") {
+    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0,
+                  "subscribe_homeassistant_state() requires 'homeassistant_states: true' in the 'api:' section "
+                  "of your YAML configuration");
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  void subscribe_homeassistant_state(void (T::*callback)(std::string, std::string), const std::string &entity_id,
+                                     const std::string &attribute = "") {
+    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0,
+                  "subscribe_homeassistant_state() requires 'homeassistant_states: true' in the 'api:' section "
+                  "of your YAML configuration");
+  }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
@@ -222,6 +252,28 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
     }
     global_api_server->send_homeassistant_service_call(resp);
   }
+#else
+  template<typename T = void> void call_homeassistant_service(const std::string &service_name) {
+    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0, "call_homeassistant_service() requires 'homeassistant_services: true' in the 'api:' "
+                                  "section of your YAML configuration");
+  }
+
+  template<typename T = void>
+  void call_homeassistant_service(const std::string &service_name, const std::map<std::string, std::string> &data) {
+    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0, "call_homeassistant_service() requires 'homeassistant_services: true' in the 'api:' "
+                                  "section of your YAML configuration");
+  }
+
+  template<typename T = void> void fire_homeassistant_event(const std::string &event_name) {
+    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0, "fire_homeassistant_event() requires 'homeassistant_services: true' in the 'api:' "
+                                  "section of your YAML configuration");
+  }
+
+  template<typename T = void>
+  void fire_homeassistant_event(const std::string &service_name, const std::map<std::string, std::string> &data) {
+    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0, "fire_homeassistant_event() requires 'homeassistant_services: true' in the 'api:' "
+                                  "section of your YAML configuration");
+  }
 #endif
 };
 

From 469246b8d8de21fa6ad1d74e34cd2f16cac4a878 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 14:58:41 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 06/12] [bluetooth_proxy] Warn about BLE connection timeout
 mismatch on Arduino framework (#10063)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .../components/bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py    | 27 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py
index ec1df6a06c..4087255410 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py
@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
+import logging
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import esp32_ble, esp32_ble_client, esp32_ble_tracker
 from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_sdkconfig_option
 from esphome.components.esp32_ble import BTLoggers
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ACTIVE, CONF_ID
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.log import AnsiFore, color
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["esp32_ble_client", "esp32_ble_tracker"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["api", "esp32"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 CONF_CONNECTION_SLOTS = "connection_slots"
 CONF_CACHE_SERVICES = "cache_services"
 CONF_CONNECTIONS = "connections"
@@ -41,6 +47,27 @@ def validate_connections(config):
         esp32_ble_tracker.consume_connection_slots(connection_slots, "bluetooth_proxy")(
             config
         )
+
+        # Warn about connection slot waste when using Arduino framework
+        if CORE.using_arduino and connection_slots:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Bluetooth Proxy with active connections on Arduino framework has suboptimal performance.\n"
+                "If BLE connections fail, they can waste connection slots for 10 seconds because\n"
+                "Arduino doesn't allow configuring the BLE connection timeout (fixed at 30s).\n"
+                "ESP-IDF framework allows setting it to 20s to match client timeouts.\n"
+                "\n"
+                "To switch to ESP-IDF, add this to your YAML:\n"
+                "  esp32:\n"
+                "    framework:\n"
+                "      type: esp-idf\n"
+                "\n"
+                "For detailed migration instructions, see:\n"
+                "%s",
+                color(
+                    AnsiFore.BLUE, "https://esphome.io/guides/esp32_arduino_to_idf.html"
+                ),
+            )
+
         return {
             **config,
             CONF_CONNECTIONS: [CONNECTION_SCHEMA({}) for _ in range(connection_slots)],

From 27ba90ea95320cc8aab5d9da3ac81abc72aa2061 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 14:59:23 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 07/12] [esp32_ble_client] Start MTU negotiation earlier
 following ESP-IDF examples (#10062)

---
 .../esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp       | 18 ++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
index 2c13995f76..9b07033cfc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       if (!this->check_addr(param->open.remote_bda))
         return false;
       this->log_event_("ESP_GATTC_OPEN_EVT");
-      this->conn_id_ = param->open.conn_id;
+      // conn_id was already set in ESP_GATTC_CONNECT_EVT
       this->service_count_ = 0;
       if (this->state_ != espbt::ClientState::CONNECTING) {
         // This should not happen but lets log it in case it does
@@ -317,11 +317,7 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
         this->conn_id_ = UNSET_CONN_ID;
         break;
       }
-      auto ret = esp_ble_gattc_send_mtu_req(this->gattc_if_, param->open.conn_id);
-      if (ret) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] esp_ble_gattc_send_mtu_req failed, status=%x", this->connection_index_,
-                 this->address_str_.c_str(), ret);
-      }
+      // MTU negotiation already started in ESP_GATTC_CONNECT_EVT
       this->set_state(espbt::ClientState::CONNECTED);
       ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connection open", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str());
       if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
@@ -338,6 +334,16 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       if (!this->check_addr(param->connect.remote_bda))
         return false;
       this->log_event_("ESP_GATTC_CONNECT_EVT");
+      this->conn_id_ = param->connect.conn_id;
+      // Start MTU negotiation immediately as recommended by ESP-IDF examples
+      // (gatt_client, ble_throughput) which call esp_ble_gattc_send_mtu_req in
+      // ESP_GATTC_CONNECT_EVT instead of waiting for ESP_GATTC_OPEN_EVT.
+      // This saves ~3ms in the connection process.
+      auto ret = esp_ble_gattc_send_mtu_req(this->gattc_if_, param->connect.conn_id);
+      if (ret) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] esp_ble_gattc_send_mtu_req failed, status=%x", this->connection_index_,
+                 this->address_str_.c_str(), ret);
+      }
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTC_DISCONNECT_EVT: {

From fa8c5e880c9f60cfab7282a7faea6a4b1222119c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 15:10:02 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 08/12] [esp32_ble_tracker] Optimize connection by promoting
 client immediately after scan stop trigger (#10061)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .../esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp   | 26 ++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp
index 254eddd1d9..9e41fc80c5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp
@@ -238,19 +238,21 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::loop() {
         if (this->scanner_state_ == ScannerState::RUNNING) {
           ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Stopping scan to make connection");
           this->stop_scan_();
-        } else if (this->scanner_state_ == ScannerState::IDLE) {
-          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Promoting client to connect");
-          // We only want to promote one client at a time.
-          // once the scanner is fully stopped.
-#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE
-          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting coexistence to Bluetooth to make connection.");
-          if (!this->coex_prefer_ble_) {
-            this->coex_prefer_ble_ = true;
-            esp_coex_preference_set(ESP_COEX_PREFER_BT);  // Prioritize Bluetooth
-          }
-#endif
-          client->set_state(ClientState::READY_TO_CONNECT);
+          // Don't wait for scan stop complete - promote immediately.
+          // This is safe because ESP-IDF processes BLE commands sequentially through its internal mailbox queue.
+          // This guarantees that the stop scan command will be fully processed before any subsequent connect command,
+          // preventing race conditions or overlapping operations.
         }
+
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Promoting client to connect");
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting coexistence to Bluetooth to make connection.");
+        if (!this->coex_prefer_ble_) {
+          this->coex_prefer_ble_ = true;
+          esp_coex_preference_set(ESP_COEX_PREFER_BT);  // Prioritize Bluetooth
+        }
+#endif
+        client->set_state(ClientState::READY_TO_CONNECT);
         break;
       }
     }

From f7bf1ef52c2e77c60a41c3b56f0c731c1ad00fc3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 15:10:32 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 09/12] [esp32_ble_tracker] Eliminate redundant ring buffer for
 lower latency (#10057)

Co-authored-by: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h            |  15 +-
 .../esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp   | 170 ++++++++----------
 .../esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h     |  18 +-
 3 files changed, 84 insertions(+), 119 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h
index 543b2f26a3..3f40c557f1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h
@@ -23,21 +23,14 @@
 
 namespace esphome::esp32_ble {
 
-// Maximum number of BLE scan results to buffer
-// Sized to handle bursts of advertisements while allowing for processing delays
-// With 16 advertisements per batch and some safety margin:
-// - Without PSRAM: 24 entries (1.5× batch size)
-// - With PSRAM: 36 entries (2.25× batch size)
-// The reduced structure size (~80 bytes vs ~400 bytes) allows for larger buffers
+// Maximum size of the BLE event queue
+// Increased to absorb the ring buffer capacity from esp32_ble_tracker
 #ifdef USE_PSRAM
-static constexpr uint8_t SCAN_RESULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 36;
+static constexpr uint8_t MAX_BLE_QUEUE_SIZE = 100;  // 64 + 36 (ring buffer size with PSRAM)
 #else
-static constexpr uint8_t SCAN_RESULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 24;
+static constexpr uint8_t MAX_BLE_QUEUE_SIZE = 88;  // 64 + 24 (ring buffer size without PSRAM)
 #endif
 
-// Maximum size of the BLE event queue - must be power of 2 for lock-free queue
-static constexpr size_t MAX_BLE_QUEUE_SIZE = 64;
-
 uint64_t ble_addr_to_uint64(const esp_bd_addr_t address);
 
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE(modernize-use-using)
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp
index 9e41fc80c5..856ae82dca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp
@@ -49,13 +49,6 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::setup() {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "BLE Tracker was marked failed by ESP32BLE");
     return;
   }
-  RAMAllocator<BLEScanResult> allocator;
-  this->scan_ring_buffer_ = allocator.allocate(SCAN_RESULT_BUFFER_SIZE);
-
-  if (this->scan_ring_buffer_ == nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not allocate ring buffer for BLE Tracker!");
-    this->mark_failed();
-  }
 
   global_esp32_ble_tracker = this;
 
@@ -117,74 +110,8 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::loop() {
   }
   bool promote_to_connecting = discovered && !searching && !connecting;
 
-  // Process scan results from lock-free SPSC ring buffer
-  // Consumer side: This runs in the main loop thread
-  if (this->scanner_state_ == ScannerState::RUNNING) {
-    // Load our own index with relaxed ordering (we're the only writer)
-    uint8_t read_idx = this->ring_read_index_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
-
-    // Load producer's index with acquire to see their latest writes
-    uint8_t write_idx = this->ring_write_index_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
-
-    while (read_idx != write_idx) {
-      // Calculate how many contiguous results we can process in one batch
-      // If write > read: process all results from read to write
-      // If write <= read (wraparound): process from read to end of buffer first
-      size_t batch_size = (write_idx > read_idx) ? (write_idx - read_idx) : (SCAN_RESULT_BUFFER_SIZE - read_idx);
-
-      // Process the batch for raw advertisements
-      if (this->raw_advertisements_) {
-        for (auto *listener : this->listeners_) {
-          listener->parse_devices(&this->scan_ring_buffer_[read_idx], batch_size);
-        }
-        for (auto *client : this->clients_) {
-          client->parse_devices(&this->scan_ring_buffer_[read_idx], batch_size);
-        }
-      }
-
-      // Process individual results for parsed advertisements
-      if (this->parse_advertisements_) {
-#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < batch_size; i++) {
-          BLEScanResult &scan_result = this->scan_ring_buffer_[read_idx + i];
-          ESPBTDevice device;
-          device.parse_scan_rst(scan_result);
-
-          bool found = false;
-          for (auto *listener : this->listeners_) {
-            if (listener->parse_device(device))
-              found = true;
-          }
-
-          for (auto *client : this->clients_) {
-            if (client->parse_device(device)) {
-              found = true;
-              if (!connecting && client->state() == ClientState::DISCOVERED) {
-                promote_to_connecting = true;
-              }
-            }
-          }
-
-          if (!found && !this->scan_continuous_) {
-            this->print_bt_device_info(device);
-          }
-        }
-#endif  // USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
-      }
-
-      // Update read index for entire batch
-      read_idx = (read_idx + batch_size) % SCAN_RESULT_BUFFER_SIZE;
-
-      // Store with release to ensure reads complete before index update
-      this->ring_read_index_.store(read_idx, std::memory_order_release);
-    }
-
-    // Log dropped results periodically
-    size_t dropped = this->scan_results_dropped_.exchange(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    if (dropped > 0) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Dropped %zu BLE scan results due to buffer overflow", dropped);
-    }
-  }
+  // All scan result processing is now done immediately in gap_scan_event_handler
+  // No ring buffer processing needed here
   if (this->scanner_state_ == ScannerState::FAILED ||
       (this->scan_set_param_failed_ && this->scanner_state_ == ScannerState::RUNNING)) {
     this->stop_scan_();
@@ -229,8 +156,10 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::loop() {
   }
   // If there is a discovered client and no connecting
   // clients and no clients using the scanner to search for
-  // devices, then stop scanning and promote the discovered
-  // client to ready to connect.
+  // devices, then promote the discovered client to ready to connect.
+  // Note: Scanning is already stopped by gap_scan_event_handler when
+  // a discovered client is found, so we only need to handle promotion
+  // when the scanner is IDLE.
   if (promote_to_connecting &&
       (this->scanner_state_ == ScannerState::RUNNING || this->scanner_state_ == ScannerState::IDLE)) {
     for (auto *client : this->clients_) {
@@ -392,31 +321,18 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_ga
 
 void ESP32BLETracker::gap_scan_event_handler(const BLEScanResult &scan_result) {
   // Note: This handler is called from the main loop context via esp32_ble's event queue.
-  // However, we still use a lock-free ring buffer to batch results efficiently.
+  // We process advertisements immediately instead of buffering them.
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "gap_scan_result - event %d", scan_result.search_evt);
 
   if (scan_result.search_evt == ESP_GAP_SEARCH_INQ_RES_EVT) {
-    // Ring buffer write (Producer side)
-    // Even though we're in the main loop, the ring buffer design allows efficient batching
-    // IMPORTANT: Only this thread writes to ring_write_index_
+    // Process the scan result immediately
+    bool found_discovered_client = this->process_scan_result_(scan_result);
 
-    // Load our own index with relaxed ordering (we're the only writer)
-    uint8_t write_idx = this->ring_write_index_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    uint8_t next_write_idx = (write_idx + 1) % SCAN_RESULT_BUFFER_SIZE;
-
-    // Load consumer's index with acquire to see their latest updates
-    uint8_t read_idx = this->ring_read_index_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
-
-    // Check if buffer is full
-    if (next_write_idx != read_idx) {
-      // Write to ring buffer
-      this->scan_ring_buffer_[write_idx] = scan_result;
-
-      // Store with release to ensure the write is visible before index update
-      this->ring_write_index_.store(next_write_idx, std::memory_order_release);
-    } else {
-      // Buffer full, track dropped results
-      this->scan_results_dropped_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    // If we found a discovered client that needs promotion, stop scanning
+    // This replaces the promote_to_connecting logic from loop()
+    if (found_discovered_client && this->scanner_state_ == ScannerState::RUNNING) {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Found discovered client, stopping scan for connection");
+      this->stop_scan_();
     }
   } else if (scan_result.search_evt == ESP_GAP_SEARCH_INQ_CMPL_EVT) {
     // Scan finished on its own
@@ -861,8 +777,66 @@ bool ESPBTDevice::resolve_irk(const uint8_t *irk) const {
   return ecb_ciphertext[15] == (addr64 & 0xff) && ecb_ciphertext[14] == ((addr64 >> 8) & 0xff) &&
          ecb_ciphertext[13] == ((addr64 >> 16) & 0xff);
 }
+
+bool ESP32BLETracker::has_connecting_clients_() const {
+  for (auto *client : this->clients_) {
+    auto state = client->state();
+    if (state == ClientState::CONNECTING || state == ClientState::READY_TO_CONNECT) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
 #endif  // USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
 
+bool ESP32BLETracker::process_scan_result_(const BLEScanResult &scan_result) {
+  bool found_discovered_client = false;
+
+  // Process raw advertisements
+  if (this->raw_advertisements_) {
+    for (auto *listener : this->listeners_) {
+      listener->parse_devices(&scan_result, 1);
+    }
+    for (auto *client : this->clients_) {
+      client->parse_devices(&scan_result, 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Process parsed advertisements
+  if (this->parse_advertisements_) {
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
+    ESPBTDevice device;
+    device.parse_scan_rst(scan_result);
+
+    bool found = false;
+    for (auto *listener : this->listeners_) {
+      if (listener->parse_device(device))
+        found = true;
+    }
+
+    for (auto *client : this->clients_) {
+      if (client->parse_device(device)) {
+        found = true;
+        // Check if this client is discovered and needs promotion
+        if (client->state() == ClientState::DISCOVERED) {
+          // Only check for connecting clients if we found a discovered client
+          // This matches the original logic: !connecting && client->state() == DISCOVERED
+          if (!this->has_connecting_clients_()) {
+            found_discovered_client = true;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!found && !this->scan_continuous_) {
+      this->print_bt_device_info(device);
+    }
+#endif  // USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
+  }
+
+  return found_discovered_client;
+}
+
 void ESP32BLETracker::cleanup_scan_state_(bool is_stop_complete) {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scan %scomplete, set scanner state to IDLE.", is_stop_complete ? "stop " : "");
   this->already_discovered_.clear();
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h
index c274e64b12..1c28bc7a7d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 #include <array>
-#include <atomic>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -21,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_uuid.h"
+#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_scan_result.h"
 
 namespace esphome::esp32_ble_tracker {
 
@@ -272,6 +272,13 @@ class ESP32BLETracker : public Component,
   void set_scanner_state_(ScannerState state);
   /// Common cleanup logic when transitioning scanner to IDLE state
   void cleanup_scan_state_(bool is_stop_complete);
+  /// Process a single scan result immediately
+  /// Returns true if a discovered client needs promotion to READY_TO_CONNECT
+  bool process_scan_result_(const BLEScanResult &scan_result);
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
+  /// Check if any clients are in connecting or ready to connect state
+  bool has_connecting_clients_() const;
+#endif
 
   uint8_t app_id_{0};
 
@@ -295,15 +302,6 @@ class ESP32BLETracker : public Component,
   bool raw_advertisements_{false};
   bool parse_advertisements_{false};
 
-  // Lock-free Single-Producer Single-Consumer (SPSC) ring buffer for scan results
-  // Producer: ESP-IDF Bluetooth stack callback (gap_scan_event_handler)
-  // Consumer: ESPHome main loop (loop() method)
-  // This design ensures zero blocking in the BT callback and prevents scan result loss
-  BLEScanResult *scan_ring_buffer_;
-  std::atomic<uint8_t> ring_write_index_{0};       // Written only by BT callback (producer)
-  std::atomic<uint8_t> ring_read_index_{0};        // Written only by main loop (consumer)
-  std::atomic<uint16_t> scan_results_dropped_{0};  // Tracks buffer overflow events
-
   esp_bt_status_t scan_start_failed_{ESP_BT_STATUS_SUCCESS};
   esp_bt_status_t scan_set_param_failed_{ESP_BT_STATUS_SUCCESS};
   int connecting_{0};

From 64c94c144003b1da017eeaec0047d551f2ec7671 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 15:11:32 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 10/12] [esp32_ble_client] Fix connection parameter timing by
 setting preferences before connection (#10059)

---
 .../esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp      | 86 +++++++++++--------
 .../esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h        |  1 +
 2 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
index 9b07033cfc..f47642944b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
@@ -145,6 +145,36 @@ void BLEClientBase::connect() {
            this->remote_addr_type_);
   this->paired_ = false;
 
+  // Set preferred connection parameters before connecting
+  // Use FAST for all V3 connections (better latency and reliability)
+  // Use MEDIUM for V1/legacy connections (balanced performance)
+  uint16_t min_interval, max_interval, timeout;
+  const char *param_type;
+
+  if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE ||
+      this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
+    min_interval = FAST_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
+    max_interval = FAST_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
+    timeout = FAST_CONN_TIMEOUT;
+    param_type = "fast";
+  } else {
+    min_interval = MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
+    max_interval = MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
+    timeout = MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT;
+    param_type = "medium";
+  }
+
+  auto param_ret = esp_ble_gap_set_prefer_conn_params(this->remote_bda_, min_interval, max_interval,
+                                                      0,  // latency: 0
+                                                      timeout);
+  if (param_ret != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] esp_ble_gap_set_prefer_conn_params failed: %d", this->connection_index_,
+             this->address_str_.c_str(), param_ret);
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Set %s conn params", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), param_type);
+  }
+
+  // Now open the connection
   auto ret = esp_ble_gattc_open(this->gattc_if_, this->remote_bda_, this->remote_addr_type_, true);
   if (ret) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] esp_ble_gattc_open error, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
@@ -152,35 +182,6 @@ void BLEClientBase::connect() {
     this->set_state(espbt::ClientState::IDLE);
   } else {
     this->set_state(espbt::ClientState::CONNECTING);
-
-    // Always set connection parameters to ensure stable operation
-    // Use FAST for all V3 connections (better latency and reliability)
-    // Use MEDIUM for V1/legacy connections (balanced performance)
-    uint16_t min_interval, max_interval, timeout;
-    const char *param_type;
-
-    if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE ||
-        this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
-      min_interval = FAST_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
-      max_interval = FAST_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
-      timeout = FAST_CONN_TIMEOUT;
-      param_type = "fast";
-    } else {
-      min_interval = MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
-      max_interval = MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
-      timeout = MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT;
-      param_type = "medium";
-    }
-
-    auto param_ret = esp_ble_gap_set_prefer_conn_params(this->remote_bda_, min_interval, max_interval,
-                                                        0,  // latency: 0
-                                                        timeout);
-    if (param_ret != ESP_OK) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] esp_ble_gap_set_prefer_conn_params failed: %d", this->connection_index_,
-               this->address_str_.c_str(), param_ret);
-    } else {
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Set %s conn params", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), param_type);
-    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -255,6 +256,19 @@ void BLEClientBase::log_event_(const char *name) {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), name);
 }
 
+void BLEClientBase::restore_medium_conn_params_() {
+  // Restore to medium connection parameters after initial connection phase
+  // This balances performance with bandwidth usage for normal operation
+  esp_ble_conn_update_params_t conn_params = {{0}};
+  memcpy(conn_params.bda, this->remote_bda_, sizeof(esp_bd_addr_t));
+  conn_params.min_int = MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
+  conn_params.max_int = MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
+  conn_params.latency = 0;
+  conn_params.timeout = MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT;
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Restoring medium conn params", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str());
+  esp_ble_gap_update_conn_params(&conn_params);
+}
+
 bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t esp_gattc_if,
                                         esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) {
   if (event == ESP_GATTC_REG_EVT && this->app_id != param->reg.app_id)
@@ -322,6 +336,10 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connection open", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str());
       if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
         ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Using cached services", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str());
+
+        // Restore to medium connection parameters for cached connections too
+        this->restore_medium_conn_params_();
+
         // only set our state, subclients might have more stuff to do yet.
         this->state_ = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
         break;
@@ -419,15 +437,7 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       // This balances performance with bandwidth usage after the critical discovery phase
       if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE ||
           this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
-        esp_ble_conn_update_params_t conn_params = {{0}};
-        memcpy(conn_params.bda, this->remote_bda_, sizeof(esp_bd_addr_t));
-        conn_params.min_int = MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
-        conn_params.max_int = MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
-        conn_params.latency = 0;
-        conn_params.timeout = MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT;
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Restored medium conn params after service discovery", this->connection_index_,
-                 this->address_str_.c_str());
-        esp_ble_gap_update_conn_params(&conn_params);
+        this->restore_medium_conn_params_();
       }
 
       this->state_ = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h
index 0a2fda4476..b30e9cd444 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ class BLEClientBase : public espbt::ESPBTClient, public Component {
   // 6 bytes used, 2 bytes padding
 
   void log_event_(const char *name);
+  void restore_medium_conn_params_();
 };
 
 }  // namespace esp32_ble_client

From 52634dac2a467c16a35e0540c76706996a1e1206 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 15:12:05 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 11/12] [tests] Add datetime entities to
 host_mode_many_entities integration test (#10032)

---
 .../fixtures/host_mode_many_entities.yaml     | 17 ++++
 .../test_host_mode_many_entities.py           | 95 ++++++++++++++++---
 2 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/host_mode_many_entities.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/host_mode_many_entities.yaml
index 5e085a15c9..612186507c 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/host_mode_many_entities.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/host_mode_many_entities.yaml
@@ -373,3 +373,20 @@ button:
     name: "Test Button"
     on_press:
       - logger.log: "Button pressed"
+
+# Date, Time, and DateTime entities
+datetime:
+  - platform: template
+    type: date
+    name: "Test Date"
+    initial_value: "2023-05-13"
+    optimistic: true
+  - platform: template
+    type: time
+    name: "Test Time"
+    initial_value: "12:30:00"
+    optimistic: true
+  - platform: template
+    type: datetime
+    name: "Test DateTime"
+    optimistic: true
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_host_mode_many_entities.py b/tests/integration/test_host_mode_many_entities.py
index aaca4555f6..fbe3dc25c8 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_host_mode_many_entities.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_host_mode_many_entities.py
@@ -4,7 +4,17 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
 
-from aioesphomeapi import ClimateInfo, EntityState, SensorState
+from aioesphomeapi import (
+    ClimateInfo,
+    DateInfo,
+    DateState,
+    DateTimeInfo,
+    DateTimeState,
+    EntityState,
+    SensorState,
+    TimeInfo,
+    TimeState,
+)
 import pytest
 
 from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
@@ -22,34 +32,56 @@ async def test_host_mode_many_entities(
     async with run_compiled(yaml_config), api_client_connected() as client:
         # Subscribe to state changes
         states: dict[int, EntityState] = {}
-        sensor_count_future: asyncio.Future[int] = loop.create_future()
+        minimum_states_future: asyncio.Future[None] = loop.create_future()
 
         def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
             states[state.key] = state
-            # Count sensor states specifically
+            # Check if we have received minimum expected states
             sensor_states = [
                 s
                 for s in states.values()
                 if isinstance(s, SensorState) and isinstance(s.state, float)
             ]
-            # When we have received states from at least 50 sensors, resolve the future
-            if len(sensor_states) >= 50 and not sensor_count_future.done():
-                sensor_count_future.set_result(len(sensor_states))
+            date_states = [s for s in states.values() if isinstance(s, DateState)]
+            time_states = [s for s in states.values() if isinstance(s, TimeState)]
+            datetime_states = [
+                s for s in states.values() if isinstance(s, DateTimeState)
+            ]
+
+            # We expect at least 50 sensors and 1 of each datetime entity type
+            if (
+                len(sensor_states) >= 50
+                and len(date_states) >= 1
+                and len(time_states) >= 1
+                and len(datetime_states) >= 1
+                and not minimum_states_future.done()
+            ):
+                minimum_states_future.set_result(None)
 
         client.subscribe_states(on_state)
 
-        # Wait for states from at least 50 sensors with timeout
+        # Wait for minimum states with timeout
         try:
-            sensor_count = await asyncio.wait_for(sensor_count_future, timeout=10.0)
+            await asyncio.wait_for(minimum_states_future, timeout=10.0)
         except TimeoutError:
             sensor_states = [
                 s
                 for s in states.values()
                 if isinstance(s, SensorState) and isinstance(s.state, float)
             ]
+            date_states = [s for s in states.values() if isinstance(s, DateState)]
+            time_states = [s for s in states.values() if isinstance(s, TimeState)]
+            datetime_states = [
+                s for s in states.values() if isinstance(s, DateTimeState)
+            ]
+
             pytest.fail(
-                f"Did not receive states from at least 50 sensors within 10 seconds. "
-                f"Received {len(sensor_states)} sensor states out of {len(states)} total states"
+                f"Did not receive expected states within 10 seconds. "
+                f"Received: {len(sensor_states)} sensor states (expected >=50), "
+                f"{len(date_states)} date states (expected >=1), "
+                f"{len(time_states)} time states (expected >=1), "
+                f"{len(datetime_states)} datetime states (expected >=1). "
+                f"Total states: {len(states)}"
             )
 
         # Verify we received a good number of entity states
@@ -64,13 +96,25 @@ async def test_host_mode_many_entities(
             if isinstance(s, SensorState) and isinstance(s.state, float)
         ]
 
-        assert sensor_count >= 50, (
-            f"Expected at least 50 sensor states, got {sensor_count}"
-        )
         assert len(sensor_states) >= 50, (
             f"Expected at least 50 sensor states, got {len(sensor_states)}"
         )
 
+        # Verify we received datetime entity states
+        date_states = [s for s in states.values() if isinstance(s, DateState)]
+        time_states = [s for s in states.values() if isinstance(s, TimeState)]
+        datetime_states = [s for s in states.values() if isinstance(s, DateTimeState)]
+
+        assert len(date_states) >= 1, (
+            f"Expected at least 1 date state, got {len(date_states)}"
+        )
+        assert len(time_states) >= 1, (
+            f"Expected at least 1 time state, got {len(time_states)}"
+        )
+        assert len(datetime_states) >= 1, (
+            f"Expected at least 1 datetime state, got {len(datetime_states)}"
+        )
+
         # Get entity info to verify climate entity details
         entities = await client.list_entities_services()
         climate_infos = [e for e in entities[0] if isinstance(e, ClimateInfo)]
@@ -89,3 +133,28 @@ async def test_host_mode_many_entities(
         assert "HOME" in preset_names, f"Expected 'HOME' preset, got {preset_names}"
         assert "AWAY" in preset_names, f"Expected 'AWAY' preset, got {preset_names}"
         assert "SLEEP" in preset_names, f"Expected 'SLEEP' preset, got {preset_names}"
+
+        # Verify datetime entities exist
+        date_infos = [e for e in entities[0] if isinstance(e, DateInfo)]
+        time_infos = [e for e in entities[0] if isinstance(e, TimeInfo)]
+        datetime_infos = [e for e in entities[0] if isinstance(e, DateTimeInfo)]
+
+        assert len(date_infos) >= 1, "Expected at least 1 date entity"
+        assert len(time_infos) >= 1, "Expected at least 1 time entity"
+        assert len(datetime_infos) >= 1, "Expected at least 1 datetime entity"
+
+        # Verify the entity names
+        date_info = date_infos[0]
+        assert date_info.name == "Test Date", (
+            f"Expected date entity name 'Test Date', got {date_info.name}"
+        )
+
+        time_info = time_infos[0]
+        assert time_info.name == "Test Time", (
+            f"Expected time entity name 'Test Time', got {time_info.name}"
+        )
+
+        datetime_info = datetime_infos[0]
+        assert datetime_info.name == "Test DateTime", (
+            f"Expected datetime entity name 'Test DateTime', got {datetime_info.name}"
+        )

From 93b28447ee3532313e7f6dc29a1ef2c4dc7e1ed0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 15:13:55 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 12/12] [bluetooth_proxy] Optimize memory usage with fixed-size
 array and const string references (#10015)

---
 .../bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp           | 15 +++++++++------
 .../components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h  | 14 +++++++++-----
 .../components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp
index a59a33117a..97b0884dda 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ void BluetoothProxy::setup() {
   // Don't pre-allocate pool - let it grow only if needed in busy environments
   // Many devices in quiet areas will never need the overflow pool
 
-  this->connections_free_response_.limit = this->connections_.size();
-  this->connections_free_response_.free = this->connections_.size();
+  this->connections_free_response_.limit = BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS;
+  this->connections_free_response_.free = BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS;
 
   this->parent_->add_scanner_state_callback([this](esp32_ble_tracker::ScannerState state) {
     if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
@@ -134,12 +134,13 @@ void BluetoothProxy::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "  Active: %s\n"
                 "  Connections: %d",
-                YESNO(this->active_), this->connections_.size());
+                YESNO(this->active_), this->connection_count_);
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::loop() {
   if (!api::global_api_server->is_connected() || this->api_connection_ == nullptr) {
-    for (auto *connection : this->connections_) {
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->connection_count_; i++) {
+      auto *connection = this->connections_[i];
       if (connection->get_address() != 0 && !connection->disconnect_pending()) {
         connection->disconnect();
       }
@@ -162,7 +163,8 @@ esp32_ble_tracker::AdvertisementParserType BluetoothProxy::get_advertisement_par
 }
 
 BluetoothConnection *BluetoothProxy::get_connection_(uint64_t address, bool reserve) {
-  for (auto *connection : this->connections_) {
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->connection_count_; i++) {
+    auto *connection = this->connections_[i];
     if (connection->get_address() == address)
       return connection;
   }
@@ -170,7 +172,8 @@ BluetoothConnection *BluetoothProxy::get_connection_(uint64_t address, bool rese
   if (!reserve)
     return nullptr;
 
-  for (auto *connection : this->connections_) {
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->connection_count_; i++) {
+    auto *connection = this->connections_[i];
     if (connection->get_address() == 0) {
       connection->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
       connection->set_address(address);
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h
index 70deef1ebd..d367dad438 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
+#include <array>
 #include <map>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -63,8 +64,10 @@ class BluetoothProxy : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener, public Com
   esp32_ble_tracker::AdvertisementParserType get_advertisement_parser_type() override;
 
   void register_connection(BluetoothConnection *connection) {
-    this->connections_.push_back(connection);
-    connection->proxy_ = this;
+    if (this->connection_count_ < BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS) {
+      this->connections_[this->connection_count_++] = connection;
+      connection->proxy_ = this;
+    }
   }
 
   void bluetooth_device_request(const api::BluetoothDeviceRequest &msg);
@@ -138,8 +141,8 @@ class BluetoothProxy : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener, public Com
   // Group 1: Pointers (4 bytes each, naturally aligned)
   api::APIConnection *api_connection_{nullptr};
 
-  // Group 2: Container types (typically 12 bytes on 32-bit)
-  std::vector<BluetoothConnection *> connections_{};
+  // Group 2: Fixed-size array of connection pointers
+  std::array<BluetoothConnection *, BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS> connections_{};
 
   // BLE advertisement batching
   std::vector<api::BluetoothLERawAdvertisement> advertisement_pool_;
@@ -154,7 +157,8 @@ class BluetoothProxy : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener, public Com
   // Group 4: 1-byte types grouped together
   bool active_;
   uint8_t advertisement_count_{0};
-  // 2 bytes used, 2 bytes padding
+  uint8_t connection_count_{0};
+  // 3 bytes used, 1 byte padding
 };
 
 extern BluetoothProxy *global_bluetooth_proxy;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h
index b30e9cd444..93260b1c15 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class BLEClientBase : public espbt::ESPBTClient, public Component {
                        (uint8_t) (this->address_ >> 0) & 0xff);
     }
   }
-  std::string address_str() const { return this->address_str_; }
+  const std::string &address_str() const { return this->address_str_; }
 
   BLEService *get_service(espbt::ESPBTUUID uuid);
   BLEService *get_service(uint16_t uuid);