Add support for a01nyub (#4863)

Co-authored-by: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>

esphome/components/a01nyub/a01nyub.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Datasheet https://wiki.dfrobot.com/A01NYUB%20Waterproof%20Ultrasonic%20Sensor%20SKU:%20SEN0313
+
+#include "a01nyub.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace a01nyub {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "a01nyub.sensor";
+static const uint8_t MAX_DATA_LENGTH_BYTES = 4;
+
+void A01nyubComponent::loop() {
+  uint8_t data;
+  while (this->available() > 0) {
+    if (this->read_byte(&data)) {
+      buffer_.push_back(data);
+      this->check_buffer_();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void A01nyubComponent::check_buffer_() {
+  if (this->buffer_.size() >= MAX_DATA_LENGTH_BYTES) {
+    size_t i;
+    for (i = 0; i < this->buffer_.size(); i++) {
+      // Look for the first packet
+      if (this->buffer_[i] == 0xFF) {
+        if (i + 1 + 3 < this->buffer_.size()) {  // Packet is not complete
+          return;                                // Wait for completion
+        }
+
+        uint8_t checksum = (this->buffer_[i] + this->buffer_[i + 1] + this->buffer_[i + 2]) & 0xFF;
+        if (this->buffer_[i + 3] == checksum) {
+          float distance = (this->buffer_[i + 1] << 8) + this->buffer_[i + 2];
+          if (distance > 280) {
+            float meters = distance / 1000.0;
+            ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Distance from sensor: %f mm, %f m", distance, meters);
+            this->publish_state(meters);
+          } else {
+            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid data read from sensor: %s", format_hex_pretty(this->buffer_).c_str());
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    this->buffer_.clear();
+  }
+}
+
+void A01nyubComponent::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "A01nyub Sensor:");
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Distance", this);
+}
+
+}  // namespace a01nyub
+}  // namespace esphome