Fix build failures on host platform caused by #6167 (#6338)

* Fix build failures for logger component on host platform

* Add climits header

* Restore logger functionality on host

* Install libsodium in ci

esphome/components/logger/logger.h

@@ -137,7 +137,9 @@ class Logger : public Component {
     va_end(arg);
   }
 
+#ifndef USE_HOST
   const char *get_uart_selection_();
+#endif
 
   uint32_t baud_rate_;
   char *tx_buffer_{nullptr};