Add basic fan compile tests

baseline for https://github.com/esphome/esphome/pull/11483

tests/components/fan/common.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+fan:
+  - platform: template
+    id: test_fan
+    name: "Test Fan"
+    preset_modes:
+      - Eco
+      - Sleep
+      - Turbo
+    has_oscillating: true
+    has_direction: true
+    speed_count: 3

tests/components/fan/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml